基于生态足迹的鲁西北可持续发展评价研究——以德州市为例

目前生态足迹分析法在可持续发展生态评价中广泛应用。在参考生态足迹方法的基础上,采用生态压力指数（ETI）、生态占用指数（EOI）、生态协调指数（EECI）和可持续发展指数（SDI）4个评价模型,对德州市2002—2006年的生态压力指数（ETI）、生态占用指数（EOI）、生态经济协调指数（EECI）和可持续发展指数（SDI）进行了计算。结果表明,德州市近5年生态压力逐渐增大;生态占用指数呈增加趋势;生态经济协调能力有上升趋势,但协调能力较差;可持续发展能力有所改善,但有一定波动性。在此基础上,从生态足迹的角度对德州市的可持续发展提出了对策。     

生态足迹分析方法及其在国内的应用

生态足迹分析方法是90年代提出的可以定量的反映一个国家、地区、城市的可持续发展程度分析的计算模型。本文介绍了生态足迹模型的理论依据和计算方法，分析了生态足迹分析方法在我国的应用，并且指出了生态足迹分析方法的优缺点及其改进。     

皖南丘陵山区可持续发展的生态足迹分析——以池州市为例

生态足迹理论是一种定量测度区域可持续发展状态的有效方法。以皖南丘陵山区池州市为例，对其1996-2004年生态足迹和生态承载力进行了计算和分析。结果显示，池州市历年的人均生态足迹不断增加，9年时间增加了37．85％，而人均生态承载力却减少了5．49％。该地区历年人均生态足迹均出现赤字，而且呈增长的趋势；自然资源的利用效率不高以及自然资源供需的非均衡性增长导致生态赤字的出现和持续增长；目前池州市的发展模式已超出了自然生态系统的承载能力，处在不可持续的发展状态，并提出了相应的对策和措施。     

生态足迹方法在中国应用的案例初探

生态足迹方法通过估算维持人类生存的自然资源消费量和同化人类产生的废弃物所需要的生态性生产空间面积大小,并与给定人口区域的生态承载力进行比较,衡量区域的可持续发展状况。本文介绍了生态足迹模型的理论依据和计算方法,从模型方法应用范围,计算所需资料和模型自身三方面分析了生态足迹方法在我国应用中存在的问题和方法本身的不足。详细分析和比较了生态足迹方法在我国不同省市及地区的应用案例,结果表明,经济比较发达地区很大程度上需要通过地区贸易从不发达地区输入生态足迹,因而加重了不发达地区的生态负担。     

青岛市可持续性定量测度动态分析

应用生态足迹计算模型和统计数据，对青岛市1998-2002年的生态足迹和生态承栽力进行了动态分析，并预测了未来青岛市的可持续发展趋势。     

现代生态理论及技术在城市生态规划中的应用途径

生态城市建设使城市生态规划逐步成为全球城市研究的热点。本文在对城市生态规划的概念厦研究进展厦主要研究内容进行简要论述的基础上，对目前国际上比较流行的生态安全格局理论、生态足迹理论、生态系统健康理论等现代生态理论，以及遥感和地理信息系统技术等先进技术在城市生态规划研究中的应用途径进行了论述。     

立体气候区生态足迹研究——以攀枝花市米易县为例

以四川省攀枝花市米易县2008年、2009年的统计数据为基础,运用生态足迹计算方法,对该县生态足迹进行了研究.结果表明,米易县人均生态足迹为1.0657hm2、人均生态承载力为1.0405 hm2,生态足迹与生态承载力大致相当,米易县处于地区非可持续性—全球可持续性发展状态.在此基础上,提出了实现立体气候区可持续发展的对策和建议.     

阿克苏地区生态承载力与生态安全初探

对阿克苏地区承载能力进行定量评估具有重要的现实意义。本文基于卫星遥感数据及相关统计资料,运用生态足迹分析方法,对阿克苏地区2004—2014年生态足迹、生态承载力进行了计算和研究,预测未来生态赤字变化趋势。结果表明:地区生态承载力不足,突出表现在能源消耗、农产品供给、草场过牧等方面;2004—2014年,地区人均生态足迹呈快速上升趋势,人均生态承载力平稳下降,人均生态赤字缺口不断扩大,生态安全状态越来越差,在未来的经济发展中,若按已往的发展模式,其生态经济发展仍然形式严峻。     

可持续发展状况的生态足迹模型定量评价——以山东省滨州市为例

可持续发展的定量测度研究是当前国际上关注的几个生态经济研究前沿问题之一。近年来生态足迹的方法用于定量的研究和判断某地区的可持续发展取得了一定的成果。通过生态足迹模型定量的计算和分析了2003年滨州市的生态足迹，计算得出滨州市的生态足迹需求为3．33hm^2，而生态承载力只有0．61hm^2，生态足迹需求是生态承载力的5．5倍，这反映了州市生产、生活的强度已大大超过了其生态系统的承载能力，生态系统处于过度开发状态。     

资源型城市生态足迹测算与评价——以大庆市为例

当前,生态足迹模型在对可持续发展进行定量评估方面得到了广泛应用.应用该法对大庆市的资源与能源消费的生态足迹进行了计算与分析,并进行了生态足迹多样性和发展能力的测算.大庆市2006年人均生态足迹为4.5838hm2,生态赤字为3.7230hm2,为不可持续发展的状态.生态欠帐主要为能源消费,化石能源足迹占87%左右;而耕地、林地、草地、水域等类型生物生产面积还存在一定程度的盈余,这与其能源重化工基地的产业结构有关.大庆市生态足迹的多样性较低,为0.5412,但其发展能力指数较好,为2.4808.同时通过万元GDP的生态足迹分析表明,其资源的利用效益在不断提高,在全国也处于较好的水平.建议大庆市应尽快进行产业结构调整、严格控制人口过快增长,提高能源利用率,降低能源消耗等,减少生态赤字,促进社会经济协调和可持续发展.     

Establishing the green neighbourhood: approaches to neighbourhood-scale sustainability certification in Portland,Oregon

ABSTRACT

While local governance is widely acknowledged as an important element in the pursuit of sustainability, local action alone is insufficient to produce lasting change. One recent solution to this quandary has been the production of certification frameworks that encourage sustainable development at the neighbourhood scale by providing local actors with standardised definitions of sustainable practices. While these frameworks facilitate the spread of sustainable development strategies between local communities, there are significant contrasts between their approaches to encouraging local sustainable development that simultaneously fulfils global objectives. This article explores these contrasts through two neighbourhood-scale sustainability certification frameworks: LEED for Neighborhood Development (LEED-ND) and the EcoDistricts Protocol. Analysis of these frameworks in the context of two centrally-located neighbourhoods in Portland, Oregon, reveals substantial contrasts between the two frameworks in terms of the relative flexibility of their sustainability metrics, the time frame over which decisions regarding sustainable development are made, and community involvement in the process of pursuing specific objectives. Furthermore, it suggests that greater flexibility in the application of standards, continuous governance, and greater community involvement lead to more dynamic and holistic forms of sustainability that evolve as both local community needs and broader understandings of sustainability change over time.     

城市总体规划环评指标体系的建立及其应用

本研究首先介绍了DPSIR模型构建的原理,接着以合肥市为对象,从驱动力、压力、状态、影响、响应5个方面来构建的共36个指标,并采用层次分析法对指标权重的确定和多级灰色关联分析对指标进行综合评价,得出评价结果。合肥市在2004~2005年处于较低可持续发展水平(0.3398、0.3876)、在2010年处于中等可持续发展水平(0.5369)、在2015年处于较高可持续发展水平(0.6016)、在2020年处于较高可持续发展水平(0.7847),该预测评价结果与合肥市城市可持续发展趋势相符。最后采用改进熵值法验证多级灰色关联综合分析结论,计算得出的结果表明,该两种方法评价结论基本相同。因此,本研究对城市总体规划环境影响评价的评价方法的建立与完善,有着较强的实践意义和参考价值。     

Mining and social development: Refocusing community investment using multi-criteria decision analysis

This paper addresses the question: How can mining companies assess social investment projects so that projects create value for the company and communities in which they operate? Mining companies are still wrestling with the limits of their responsibility in relation to social development even though they accept the business case for community investment at a general level. Fully aware of the practical hazards involved in taking an active role in facilitating local development, companies increasingly avoid methods that are overly paternalistic or assume the functions of the national or local governments. Gaining senior management's commitment to long-term social projects, which are characterised by uncertainty and complexity, is made easier if projects are shown to benefit the site's strategic goals. Case study research on large global mining companies, including interviews with social investment decision makers, has assisted in developing a Social Investment Decision Analysis Tool (SIDAT), a decision model for evaluating social projects. Multi-criteria decision analysis techniques integrating business planning processes with social impact assessment have proved useful in assisting mining companies think beyond seeking reputational benefits, to how they can meet their business goals and contribute to sustainable development.     

WTO环境服务贸易谈判和中国的利益

环境服务的定义和范围是环境服务贸易谈判的关键。环境服务贸易谈判中必须区分并协调好全球环境服务需求与中国环境服务需求的关系。从中国和全球的共同利益出发，谈判中需要尽快重新定义环境服务；提出符合可持续发展战略的环境服务清单；建议WTO应该明确将环境改善，至少是全球环境改善，作为WTO环境服务谈判的目标，而非仅仅靠成员自己的贸易利益驱动谈判。     

Sustainable development strategies: Tools for policy coherence

Many different approaches for national sustainable development strategies (NSDS) have been proposed since 1992, with some components common to all. A country's national strategy should be designed to help mainstream environmental concerns into policy. More broadly, it should coordinate local policy with global concerns, as well as integrate scientific knowledge into policy and development planning. The peer review mechanism for national strategies was piloted by France, and also involved representatives of countries from the North and the South as well as stakeholders. The peer review process allows countries to share their experience and information, and can assist them in identifying their own path to sustainable development. The business community can also contribute to sustainable development through provision of local and global public goods. Another input to sustainable development could come from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and its Guidance Standard on Social Responsibility (ISO 26000), as a coordinating mechanism between voluntary initiatives and binding obligations (such as international conventions). ISO standards and guidelines should therefore be integrated with national sustainable development strategies and local Agenda 21 frameworks.     

Evaluating the prospects for sustainable energy development in a sample of Chinese villages

This paper describes the methods used to evaluate the potential for achieving sustainable energy development in six Chinese villages included in the Sustainable Users' Concepts for China Engaging Scientific Scenarios (SUCCESS) Project by examining energy efficiency potential and local renewable energy prospects. The approaches needed to obtain and analyse information on possible energy efficiency measures and renewable energy resources are summarised. Results are presented in terms of cumulative net savings in primary energy consumption, as an indicator of energy resource depletion, and associated carbon dioxide emissions, as an indicator of global climate change. Options for sustainable energy development are ranked in order of likely implementation and practical actions which could be considered in each village are identified.     

Community Sustainability Plans to enable change towards sustainable practice – a Scottish case study

There is a need for a global shift towards a low-carbon society and this requires action at the local level. The aim of the study into sustainable community development is to clarify the role of a community as a whole rather than the role of individuals within that community. Mixed methods of literature review and empirical study have been used to translate the knowledge and experience with urban sustainable development into empirical knowledge of a rural, market town setting. The exemplary case study is the Scottish market town Huntly. The main findings of the study show the need for three ingredients for a Community Sustainability Plan for a town such as Huntly. Community involvement is crucial in developing such plans in a rural setting. Further research in more remote settings, e.g. coastal and island communities, is needed to allow broader conclusions on rural sustainable development.     

“At the water's edge”: community voices on climate change

The photovoice research project, “At the water's edge”, which gives voice to communities exploring the threats and impact of climate change and rising sea levels on coastal communities, was conducted during an environmental art symposium in the Noosa Biosphere Reserve, Australia in June 2009. Photos by participants illustrated both local and global threats and reflected psychological tension between global and local action. This research partnership with the local people demonstrated an innovative visualisation technique which can be used to collaboratively build capacity and consensus about adaptation to climate change. It also contributed to the Biosphere Reserve's educational and cultural aims in relation to climate change.     

A tale from the Island of Laputa: The UNCHS (Habitat) crowding and health project from the perspective of two reluctant Laputans

Abstract

This paper seeks to explore Canada's response to the global dialogue over sustainable development on two dimensions: policy articulation at the federal and provincial levels and policy implementation at the municipal level. In order to accomplish these goals, this analysis begins by outlining a critical framework for understanding and assessing local sustainable development. Next, it examines the evolution of Canadian federal and provincial policies supportive of sustainable development, including the role played by non‐governmental organisations (NGOs) in enhancing this process. It then contrasts the Canadian promise and experience with that of the USA. In analysing local responses to the call for sustainable communities, it offers a case study of the Hamilton‐Wentworth Vision 2020 sustainable community programme—a North American showcase of sustainable community initiatives.