三种混凝剂处理煤泥水的对比试验研究

本文介绍了石灰、电石渣及CaCl2分别与聚丙烯酰胺联用处理煤泥水的对比试验研究结果。结果表明：三种方法对煤泥水均有较好的处理效果，其中CaCl2法效果最好，但药剂费也最高，石灰法和电石渣法处理效果相差不大，但电石渣法药剂费较低。     

pH对煤泥水絮凝沉降的影响

选择聚合氯化铝(PAC)/阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺(PHP)、氯化钙(CaCl2)/非离子型聚丙烯酰胺(NPAM)组合与NPAM、PHP、两性离子型聚丙烯酰胺(ZPAM)作为絮凝剂,在对道清选煤厂水采筛下原生煤泥和浮选尾矿的煤泥水进行组合药剂絮凝实验的基础上,考察了pH对煤泥水絮凝沉降的影响。实验结果表明,在不同的pH下,煤泥水的絮凝效果不同:在酸性条件下,宜单独使用有机高分子絮凝剂;在中性至碱性条件下,无机凝聚剂和有机絮凝剂联合使用效果较好。     

危险固体废物焚烧残渣的稳定化处理研究

采用常规危险固体废物稳定剂Na3 PO4、Na2S、腐殖酸以及工业固体废物电石渣对台州典型危险固体废物焚烧残渣进行稳定化处理.以残渣中污染最严重的重金属Pb、Ni、Cu、Zn的去除率为衡量指标,进行稳定化时间优化试验.结果表明,Na3 PO4、电石渣可在7d后达到较好的稳定化效果,且随着时间的延长效果稳定;而Na2S和...     

高硬度富锶地下水的软化沉淀-超滤膜联用工艺

针对一种高硬度富锶地下水,分别采用石灰和石灰-碳酸钠两种方法,利用药剂软化/超滤膜工艺对其进行软化处理,同时考察了药剂投量对出水锶含量的影响。结果表明,采用石灰软化/超滤膜法,Ca(OH)2最佳投加量为270 mg/L时,出水总硬度(以CaCO3计)由287.12 mg/L降低到96.44 mg/L,硬度去除率为66.41%,出水锶含量也由原水中的0.37 mg/L下降为0.21 mg/L;而采用石灰-碳酸钠软化/超滤膜法,Ca(OH)2和Na2CO3最佳投加量分别为270 mg/L、160mg/L时,出水总硬度降低到60.34 mg/L,硬度去除率达78.98%,锶含量仅为0.02 mg/L。2种处理方法出水总硬度均达到预期目标,石灰软化/超滤膜法可使出水锶含量满足富锶水的要求,而石灰-碳酸钠软化/超滤膜法则造成了对人体有益微量元素锶的大量损失。     

中和法处理重金属废水的理论计算和应用

重金属废水处理技术很多,其中经济简便并普遍被采用的是中和沉淀法,它几乎可以处理大部分常见重金属废水。该法的机理是因为许多重金属离子都能与碱性[OH~-]离子反应形成难溶的氢氧化物沉淀,而从废水中分离。可见处理中沉淀的量与溶液的 pH值是密切相关的。溶液 pH 值的调节一般是通过投加NaOH、石灰、NaCO_3、电石渣等实现的。     

硫酸锰废渣的浸出毒性及处理研究

研究了硫酸锰废渣的主要金属元素组成及浸出毒性,并采用锰渣加石灰混合的方法进行无害化处理,研究结果表明,硫酸锰废渣浸出液中Mn、Cd超标,锰渣加石灰混合处理的方法能有效降低废渣的浸出毒性,锰渣与石灰的重量比为25:2最佳.     

硫酸锰废渣的浸出毒性及处理研究

研究了硫酸锰废渣的主要金属元素组成及浸出毒性,并采用锰渣加石灰混合的方法进行无害化处理,研究结果表明,硫酸锰废渣浸出液中Mn、Cd超标,锰渣加石灰混合处理的方法能有效降低废渣的浸出毒性,锰渣与石灰的重量比为25：2最佳.     

粉煤灰、电石渣及其配合物碳酸化特性

为了促进粉煤灰和电石渣建材化高效利用和协同矿化CO_2减排,研究了粉煤灰、电石渣及其配合物的碳酸化特性。实验采用pH在线测试方法分别对粉煤灰、电石渣以及两者配合物的碳酸化过程的pH进行在线测试,并对原料和产物进行XRD、TGA和SEM表征。结果表明:相同条件下,粉煤灰碳酸化浆液pH降到7.0的平均速度约为电石渣的51倍;与等量电石渣单独碳酸化相比,粉煤灰与电石渣按照4:1(质量比)复配碳酸化pH降低到7.0的速度较纯电石渣提高了近5.6倍,且在相同电石渣配量的条件下,粉煤灰-电石渣复配料比碳酸钙-电石渣复配料的碳酸化反应完成时间缩短了31.6%,说明电石渣与粉煤灰复配后进行碳酸化反应具有明显协同促进作用。TGA分析表明,纯粉煤灰和纯电石渣的固碳率分别约为2%和61.3%,粉煤灰与电石渣复配料的固碳率较等量单一电石渣和粉煤灰的固碳率之和的计算值提高了19.6%。SEM分析表明,粉煤灰与电石渣复配料碳酸化产物碳酸钙颗粒在粉煤灰表面呈现异位分散附着形态,而单一电石渣碳酸化产物碳酸钙则在电石渣颗粒表面呈现原位聚集附着形态。这可能是复配料固碳率提高的主要原因。     

粉煤灰和电石渣对聚丙烯塑料裂解的影响研究

研究了粉煤灰和电石渣对聚丙烯塑料裂解的影响,讨论了加入量对裂解速度和裂解产物的影响.结果表明:粉煤灰和电石渣都使裂解产物中的轻质部分(汽油和裂解气)增加、重油降低;粉煤灰比电石渣更能加快反应的进行,而且加入量越多,反应越快,需时越短;粉煤灰比电石渣对聚丙烯塑料的裂解具有明显的催化促进效果.     

粉煤灰和电石渣对聚丙烯塑举裂解的影响研究

研究了粉煤灰和电石渣对聚丙烯塑料裂解的影响，讨论了加入量对裂解速度和裂解产物的影响。结果表明：粉煤灰和电石渣都使裂解产物中的轻质部分（汽油和裂解气）增加、重油降低；粉煤灰比电石渣更能加快反应的进行，而且加入量越多，反应越快，需时越短；粉煤灰比电石渣对聚丙烯塑料的裂解具有明显的催化促进效果。     

改良型湿法制备活性白土清洁生产及末端治理实验研究

传统湿法制备活性白土工艺中存在水耗、酸耗大等清洁水平较低的问题,本研究提出了在生产工艺流程中循环使用硫酸酸性废液、并从循环3次的硫酸废液中回收铝盐制备无铁硫酸铝的一种改良型湿法制备活性白土工艺,对末端治理采用电石渣替代石灰作为中和剂进行了探索性实验研究。实验结果表明,改良型湿法制备活性白土工艺对活性白土产品的理化性质无明显影响,产品质量符合行业标准,且酸的利用率从20%提高到约90%,水耗减少量为原工艺的1/3,无铁硫酸铝主要参数符合相关产品技术标准(HG/T2225-2001)。用电石渣作为中和剂处理酸性废液能够实现出水水质稳定达标,处理成本从255万元降低至210万元。本研究的实施使得活性白土的生产工艺清洁生产水平有较大提高。     

Phosphorus removal from piggery effluents of varying quality using lime and physico-chemical treatment methods

The choice of management practices for the treatment of piggery effluent prior to its disposal to waterways or land is governed by the desire to simultaneously minimise the cost of treatment whilst minimising pollution of the environment. Laboratory experiments were conducted to compare the removal of total and total filterable phosphorus (P) (<0.45 microm) from ortho-phosphate solutions or piggery effluent by hydrated lime or lime kiln dust alone, or from recycled piggery effluent by lime and physico-chemical treatment methods. In addition, the ability of lime to remove P from recycled piggery effluent at an intensive piggery was assessed. Most P in lime treated effluent was present in the >0.45 microm fraction because of the presence of unsettled flocs of P impregnated lime. The efficiency of total P removal by hydrated lime and lime kiln dust decreased as effluent quality declined. The efficiency of removal of total filterable P by hydrated lime or lime kiln dust was not affected by effluent quality. Hydrated lime was more efficient in removing P from effluent or ortho-phosphate solutions, but lime kiln dust was more cost effective. More than 95% of total P was removed from recycled piggery effluent when physico-chemical treatment followed settling with or without lime. The physico-chemical treatment decreased total P mainly by decreasing the number of suspended particles in the effluent and by precipitating some total filterable P as iron, aluminium or calcium compounds.     

废弃油基钻井液提取柴油剩余废弃物无害化处理研究

针对废弃油基钻井液中柴油回收过程产生的泥渣、废水、废白土和酸碱废渣具有高色度、高pH、高COD和高石油类的特点,通过优化实验得出了一步法无害化处理废弃混合物的最佳固化配方:水泥和粉煤灰加量分别为12.5%,激活剂SG加量1.5%,促凝剂LSL加量1.5%,石灰加量1%。在最佳固化配方下,固化体浸出液的各主要污染指标都符合《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)一级标准,固化成本约100元/m3,与分别处理废渣、废液相比,其处理成本可降低约20%。     

Preparation of calcium silicate absorbent from iron blast furnace slag

Calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) solids were prepared from hydrated lime and iron blast furnace slag in an aqueous agitated slurry at 92 degrees C. While it was hoped a minimal lime/slag ratio could be used to create near-amorphous CSH, the surface area of the product improved by increasing the lime/slag weight ratio to 2. The addition of gypsum to the lime/slag system dramatically improved the formation of surface area, creating solids with 139 m2/g after 30 hr of reaction when only a minimal amount of lime was present. The SO2 reactivity of solids prepared with gypsum greatly exceeded that of hydrated lime, achieving greater than 70-80% conversion of the alkalinity after 1 hr of reaction with SO2. The use of CaCl2 as an additive to the lime/slag system, in lieu of gypsum, also produced high-surface-area solids, 115 m2/g after 21 hr of reaction. However, the SO2 reactivity of these sorbents was relatively low given the high surface area. This emphasized that the correlation between surface area and SO2 reactivity was highly dependent on the solid phase, which was subsequently dependent on slurry composition.     

Preparation of Calcium Silicate Absorbent from Iron Blast Furnace Slag

ABSTRACT

Calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) solids were prepared from hydrated lime and iron blast furnace slag in an aqueous agitated slurry at 92 °C. While it was hoped a minimal lime/slag ratio could be used to create near-amorphous CSH, the surface area of the product improved by increasing the lime/slag weight ratio to 2. The addition of gypsum to the lime/slag system dramatically improved the formation of surface area, creating solids with 139 m²/g after 30 hr of reaction when only a minimal amount of lime was present. The SO₂ reactivity of solids prepared with gypsum greatly exceeded that of hydrated lime, achieving greater than 70-80% conversion of the alkalinity after 1 hr of reaction with SO₂. The use of CaCl₂ as an additive to the lime/slag system, in lieu of gypsum, also produced high-surface-area solids, 115 m²/g after 21 hr of reaction. However, the SO₂ reactivity of these sorbents was relatively low given the high surface area. This emphasized that the correlation between surface area and SO₂ reactivity was highly dependent on the solid phase, which was subsequently dependent on slurry composition.     

Field evaluation of in situ remediation of a heavy metal contaminated soil using lime and red-mud

We evaluated the effectiveness of lime and red mud (by-product of aluminium manufacturing) to reduce metal availability to Festuca rubra and to allow re-vegetation on a highly contaminated brown-field site. Application of both lime and red mud (at 3 or 5%) increased soil pH and decreased metal availability. Festuca rubra failed to establish in the control plots, but grew to a near complete vegetative cover on the amended plots. The most effective treatment in decreasing grass metal concentrations in the first year was 5% red mud, but by year two all amendments were equally effective. In an additional pot experiment, P application in combination with red mud or lime decreased the Pb concentration, but not total uptake of Pb in Festuca rubra compared to red mud alone. The results show that both red mud and lime can be used to remediate a heavily contaminated acid soil to allow re-vegetation.     

Hazardous Waste Minimization: Part VI Waste Minimization in the Foundry Industry

The foundry industry is a major consumer of waste materials (scrap). Unfortunately, the recycling of these waste materials can result in the generation of hazardous wastes that must be properly managed at a significant cost. This article focuses on two waste streams in the foundry industry; calcium carbide desulfurization slag and melt emission control residuals. The author presents an overview of how foundries have evaluated different waste management options with the ultimate goal of minimizing the generation of hazardous waste.     

电解锰渣无害化处理技术简

电解锰渣是湿法电解金属锰工艺产生的废渣,环境危害性大、治理难度大。为消除锰渣的污染性,实验研究了锰渣浸出液中污染物种类,并分别采用生石灰和氢氧化钠作处理剂,从成本、处理效果方面进行比较,确定处理剂以及最佳运行条件。得出结论：锰渣中主要污染物为锰和氨氮（分别超过相关标准453倍和26倍）,选取生石灰做处理剂,处理后的锰渣,浸出液中锰离子和氨氮的减排量分别达到99%和97%以上,水溶性锰离子浓度低于5 mg/L、氨氮浓度低于25 mg/L,均达到《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978-1996）中的排放标准;反应时间30 h以上、避免雨淋、不通风、无日照为最佳反应条件。