燃料分级燃烧最佳风煤配比的数值模拟

运用Fluent软件对某电厂1160t／h锅炉的燃烧过程和NOx生成特性进行数值模拟。通过调节风煤配比来改变燃烧区域风粉的混合以及燃烧区内的气氛，得到炉内C（s）、CO2、CO、O2、H2O（g）的浓度分布和NOx生成特性。对于煤粉的燃烧特性而言，NOx的来源依赖于煤中氮的析出和氧化。从模拟结果可以看出，煤量变化率直接影响燃烧生成物在锅炉中的分布，从而影响NOx排放浓度。随着煤量变化率的增大，NOx的排放浓度先减少后增加，即燃料分级工况存在最佳风煤配比。从所计算工况的结果比较，得出了最佳风煤配比。     

化学循环燃烧载氧体的研究进展

化学循环燃烧是集分离捕集CO2和去除NOx为一体的新型燃烧技术。介绍了化学循环燃烧的发展背景、工艺原理及特点；综述了化学循环燃烧载氧体的选材、载氧体的性能要求，对各系载氧体（如NiO系、Fe2O3系、CuO系、CoO系和Mn2O3系载氧体）的性能进行了对比分析；提出了Fe2O3、Fe2O3／Al2O3（质量分数为60％的Fe2O3＋质量分数为40％的Al2O3）、NiO／NiAl2O3（质量分数为50％的活性NiO＋质量分数为50％的NiAl2O3）是当前的优势载氧体，并对载氧体的发展做了展望。     

O2/CO2气氛下石灰石煅烧分解的动力学和热力学研究

富氧燃烧是一种能够综合控制燃煤污染物排放的新型洁净燃烧技术。针对O2／CO2气氛下石灰石煅烧分解特性进行了热力学分析和热重试验结果的动力学分析，将热力学分析结果与热重试验结果进行了对比，得出石灰石的起始分解温度随CO2分压比的增大而增高。     

化学链燃烧分离CO2技术的研究进展

简要介绍了化学链燃烧分离CO2技术的原理和关键部分,接着以技术要点中的载氧体为重点,介绍了固体燃料（煤）化学链燃烧分离CO2技术中载氧体的研究进展,并就钙基载氧体能否适应化学链燃烧展开了讨论。     

应用循环流化床洁净燃烧技术控制燃煤工业锅炉SO2污染--中国燃煤工业锅炉SO2污染综合防治对策(六)

研究应用循环流化床洁净燃烧技术,控制燃煤工业锅炉SO2污染,其中主要包括循环流化床洁净燃烧技术,及其在燃煤工业锅炉上的应用.研究表明,应用循环流化床洁净燃烧技术,可经济、高效地控制燃煤工业锅炉SO2污染.由于循环流化床气固两相湍流混合接触良好,反应物停留时间长,因而燃烧效率高达97%～99%,除尘效率高达98%,脱硫效率高达90%;由于炉温低,NOx的生成量降低90%,经济效益和环境效益双赢.循环流化床洁净燃烧技术,是燃煤工业锅炉大气污染控制的理想替代技术.     

流化床燃烧技术的研究与应用介绍

介绍了流化床燃烧技术的主要特点，应用状态，污染物控制排放水平及研究开发工作，并对该技术的经济性进行了简单的评价。     

适用循环流化床锅炉的脱硝技术

循环流化床锅炉由于NOx 排放浓度低在我国应用十分广泛，但如果不采取任何环保措施已不能满足目前的环保要求。简要分析了NOx的产生机理，通过几种脱硝技术的对比，指出循环流化床采用低氮燃烧＋SNCR脱硝技术是较好的选择。     

1025t/h煤粉炉燃烧方式对NOx排放影响的试验研究

介绍了煤粉燃烧过程中NOx产生的机理和火力发电厂降低NOx排放的主要控制技术，并对某1025t／h四角切圆锅炉燃烧方式对NOx排放的影响进行了考察，提出了降低NOx排放的合理运行方式。     

增压流化床燃烧联合循环的环保特性

增压流化床燃烧联合循环是一种新型燃烧热力发电技术，它具有高效低污染的突出优点。本文分析了增压流化床燃烧联合循环中ＮＯＸ，ＳＯＸ，ＣＯ，ＣＯ２的形成过程，介绍了控制增压流化床燃烧联合循环的ＮＯＸ，ＳＯＸ，ＣＯ，ＣＯ２和粉尘排放的最新研究成果。     

燃烧过程中氮氧化物的生成机理

简述了自然界氮氧化物的来源及其对环境的危害，重点介绍了燃烧过程产生NOx的3条主要途径，详细介绍了NOx的生成机理，可作为控制NOx排放的参考。     

Reduction of CO2-emissions by using biomass in combustion and digestion plants

Climate protection is one of the main aims of environmental policy. One way to advance and push the progress is to reduce the use of fossil fuels for energy production through an increasing production of renewable and CO₂-neutral energy for example through application of biomass. This paper sets the focus on biomass streams that can be used both thermal and biological for energy production like grass or energy crops. To calculate the potentials of decrease of CO₂-emissions for treatment of biomass in either combustion or digestion plants some scenarios were set up with different assumptions regarding degree of efficiency of treatment plants which depends on size of plants and the treatment process itself. The energetic utilisation of the considered biomass streams is divided in different utilisation scenarios: combined heat and power generation (CHP) and heat generation or power generation only. Additionally four groups of plant sizes referring to electrical power (from 0.1 up to 10.0 MW) were taken into consideration. The calculations of potential savings of CO₂-emission in both types of treatment scenarios lead to the result that in comparison to biological technologies thermal processes show a much higher utilisation of the energy content in biomass.     

低NOx燃烧技术

介绍了锅炉燃烧中降低NOx的主要措施和几种国内外主要低NOx燃烧技术的脱硝原理.发展低NOx燃烧技术,对环境保护具有重大意义.     

生物质直接燃烧发电技术的探索

介绍了生物质直接燃烧发电技术原理及其设备的工作过程，着重讨论了生物质锅炉燃烧过程中的燃料收集和存储、送料堵塞以及受热面结焦等问题，并提出了优化运行和提高锅炉效率的改进措施。     

Thermogravimetric analysis of biowastes during combustion

The combustion of sewage sludge (SS), animal manure (AM) and the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) was assessed and compared with that of a semianthracite coal (SC) and of a PET waste by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. Differences were found in the TG curves obtained for the combustion of these materials accordingly to their respective proximate analysis. Non-isothermal thermogravimetric data were used to assess the kinetics of the combustion of these biowastes. The present paper reports on the application of the Vyazovkin model-free isoconversional method for the evaluation of the activation energy necessary for the combustion of these biowastes. The activation energy related to SS combustion (129.1 kJ/mol) was similar to that corresponding to AM (132.5 kJ/mol) while the OFMSW showed a higher value (159.3 kJ/mol). These values are quite higher than the one determined in the same way for the combustion of SC (49.2 kJ/mol) but lower than that for the combustion of a PET waste (165.6 kJ/mol).     

Gaseous emissions from the combustion of a waste mixture containing a high concentration of N2O

This paper is focused on reducing the emissions from the combustion of a waste mixture containing a high concentration of N2O. A rate model and an equilibrium model were used to predict gaseous emissions from the combustion of the mixture. The influences of temperature and methane were considered, and the experimental research was carried out in a tabular reactor and a pilot combustion furnace. The results showed that for the waste mixture, the combustion temperature should be in the range of 950-1100 degrees C and the gas residence time should be 2s or higher to reduce emissions.     

Factors influencing spontaneous combustion of solid waste

Landfill fires create a critical problem for landfill operators and require investigation of its occurrence and the conditions that favor its initiation. Subsurface fires are considered the most significant due to the difficulty in determining their location and extent. These fires are mainly caused by spontaneous combustion, combustion due to high temperature in absence of flame. This study investigates the effect of moisture content, oxygen concentration and leachate components on spontaneous ignition, combustion initiation, and self-heating of solid waste. A new procedure for testing spontaneous ignition is described; however, variations in solid waste components and landfill conditions can create some limitations to its use. The presence of water and dissolved solids in leachate was found to accelerate chemical self-heating of the solid waste. Oxygen concentration at 10% by volume can sustain chemical oxidation but did not promote accelerated burning.     

SLP250二段式垃圾焚烧炉的燃烧调整

由于垃圾的热值和干、湿度等变化较大，所以，垃圾焚烧炉的燃烧调整具有一定的难度。简要论述了如何调整和控制垃圾焚烧炉的稳定燃烧，以供相关人员参考。     

Utilization of blended fluidized bed combustion (FBC) ash and pulverized coal combustion (PCC) fly ash in geopolymer

In this paper, synthesis of geopolymer from fluidized bed combustion (FBC) ash and pulverized coal combustion (PCC) fly ash was studied in order to effectively utilize both ashes. FBC-fly ash and bottom ash were inter-ground to three different finenesses. The ashes were mixed with as-received PCC-fly ash in various proportions and used as source material for synthesis of geopolymer. Sodium silicate (Na₂SiO₃) and 10 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions at mass ratio of Na₂SiO₃/NaOH of 1.5 and curing temperature of 65 °C for 48 h were used for making geopolymer. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), degree of reaction, and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) were performed on the geopolymer pastes. Compressive strength was also tested on geopolymer mortars. The results show that high strength geopolymer mortars of 35.0–44.0 MPa can be produced using mixture of ground FBC ash and as-received PCC-fly ash. Fine FBC ash is more reactive and results in higher degree of reaction and higher strength geopolymer as compared to the use of coarser FBC ash. Grinding increases reactivity of ash by means of increasing surface area and the amount of reactive phase of the ash. In addition, the packing effect due to fine particles also contributed to increase in strength of geopolymers.