二氧化碳灭火系统扑灭风电机组舱内火灾试验研究

为有效遏制全国多地风力发电机组火灾事故的势头,基于灭火系统在风电机组防火设计中的重要性,提出采用二氧化碳灭火系统对风电机舱进行灭火保护的解决方案。在建造国内首台风电机组火灾模拟试验装置的基础上,通过试验研究二氧化碳灭火系统在常温状态和低温状态下对风电机组火灾的灭火能力。结果表明,该灭火系统能够对风力发电机组进行全淹没灭火保护,适用于空间狭小且结构复杂的风电机舱;在低温条件下,其喷放时间和灭火时间虽比常温状态下长,但灭火效能并未降低。     

基于小波变换风力发电机组振动安全监测系统设计

针对风力发电机组运行过程中产生的振动对机组带来的安全危害,讨论了风力发电机组振动测量的要求及对振动传感器的要求,分析发电机组振动的频率范围,简要介绍了小波变换及其算法,研究利用小波变换将加速度振动传感器测量的风力发电机组振动信号分解到不同尺度,在LabVIEW软件平台上设计了一套机组振动安全监测系统。系统主要由传感器系统、数据采集与预处理系统、振动数据分析处理系统三部分组成,实现对振动信号的实时监控。介绍了振动测量方案,提出了硬件和软件设计方法,给出了系统构成和程序设计流程图。系统进行了仿真测试,验证了系统的可靠性。     

超超临界锅炉蒸汽安全阀试验手段探讨

系统分析了安全阀型式试验和性能试验相关国内外标准。针对国产超超临界安全阀新产品研发、安全阀整定压力准确度对发电机组安全性影响、现场实跳整定试验对机组运行的影响,阐述了国内超超临界火力发电机组蒸汽安全阀试验技术的滞后问题。认为有必要建设模拟超超临界锅炉实际介质参数的试验装置。     

风力发电机组二氧化碳灭火系统应用探讨

对于风力发电机组而言,防范火灾至关重要,一旦出现火灾,不仅会对风机带来毁灭性的破坏,而且如果连带点燃风机附近的草场或者林场,将很可能会引发更大的灾难,后果不堪设想。下面通过对风力发电机组火灾隐患进行分析,确定风力发电机组整体消防方案,并介绍定压贮存式高压二氧化碳灭火系统工作原理、主要特点、系统组成及在风力发电机组上的方案设计。     

不同类型发电企业安全风险管理

正近三十年来,我国电力建设迅猛发展,取得了举世瞩目的成就,建成了一大批具有国际一流水平的核电、火电、水电、风电以及光伏发电机组。不同类型发电机组的生产设备各异,工艺技术条件各不相同,所形成的安全风险也多种多样,电力企业针对这些安全风险采取了多种行之有效的控制措施,形成了相对稳定的安全生产模式。本文通过阐述我国核电、火电、水电、风电,以及光伏发电领域发     

超临界锅炉过（再）热器氧化皮剥落分析

目前,我国新投产的火力发电机组容量大、参数高,超,瞄界和超超,瞄界机组已经成为我国的主力发电机组。随着机组参数的提高,锅炉过（再）热器管蒸汽侧氧化成为影响发电机组安全经济运行的主要因素之一。本文研究了超临界电站锅炉过（再）热器管氧化皮的形成原理和规律,分析了氧化皮的剥落模式及机理,探讨了氧化皮剥落的影响因素,并提出了控制氧化皮形成和剥落的对策,研究结果可对电厂氧化皮剥落问题提供指导作用。     

简析风力发电机的低电压穿越技术

<正>引言风能做为一种绿色能源,现已成为世界各国纷纷开发和利用的资源,其中应用特别广泛的即为风力发电。近年来我国风力发电机组发展速度迅猛,因风力发电机组装机速度及数量增加,电网对风机的低电压穿越要求日益明显。本文就风力发电机的低电压穿越问题进行简要探讨。风力发电是一项绿色的产业。我国在风能资源丰富地区建立     

中央空调系统的实时监控与优化

本文介绍了中央空调监控系统的组成和设计要点,分析了空调机组、新风机组和冷冻站的运行调节方法与控制策略,为空调系统的优化运行与节能设计提供了参考.     

限额设计在风电工程设计阶段的应用

<正>引言随着经济的发展,对于能源的需求在逐渐加大。因此风力资源作为一种新的能源得以较快的发展,为我国电力系统做出了重要的贡献。在风电工程的设计阶段,需要加强造价的控制,限额设计是工程造价中重要的手段与方法,需要对限额设计予以高度的重视。基于此,文章对限额设计在风电工程设计阶段的应用进     

火电大机组事故统计分析及防范措施

根据国家电力公司安运部的统计，对我国自１９７４年以来投入运行的１４２台３００ＭＷ及以上大型火力发电机组，在１９９６年１月至１９９７年１１月期间内发生的４０７次事故进行了初步统计分析，得出了事故发生的规律，提出了防止火电大机组事故频发的措施和建议。     

Multi-hazard failure assessment of atmospheric storage tanks during hurricanes

Hurricane as one of the most destructive natural hazards can make a devastating impact on the industrial equipment, especially atmospheric storage tanks, leading to the release of stored chemicals and disastrous safety and environmental issues. These catastrophic consequences are caused not only by strong winds but also by the torrential rainfall and inundating floods. The objective of this study is to present a risk-based methodology for assessing and reducing the vulnerability of atmospheric storage tanks to hurricanes. Considering the shell buckling, flotation, sliding, and roof sinking as dominant failure modes of atmospheric storage tanks during hurricanes, Bayesian network (BN) has been employed to combine the failure modes while considering their conditional dependencies. The probability updating feature of the developed BN was employed to indicate that the flood is the most critical hazard during hurricanes while the impact of wind and rainfall cannot be neglected. Extending the developed BN to an influence diagram, the cost-benefit filling of storage tanks with water prior to the advent of hurricanes was shown as a viable measure for reducing the damage probability. The results show that the proposed methodology can be used as an effective decision support tool for assessing and reducing the vulnerability of atmospheric storage tanks to natural hazards.     

基于稳定风场的埋地天然气管道泄漏数值模拟

针对目前城镇埋地管道天然气泄漏研究模拟工况简单、可信性较低等问题,考虑障碍物对环境风场的影响,利用计算流体力学（CFD）软件建立天然气管道三维泄漏模型,将模拟过程分为环境风场的稳态模拟和管道泄漏扩散的瞬态模拟两步,分析天然气泄漏扩散规律。结果表明:在风场稳态模拟中,建筑物附近风场受干扰明显,上游形成小范围的低速滞留区,下游形成较长的尾迹。在天然气泄漏扩散瞬态模拟中,土壤层天然气受风速影响较小,气体在近地面及贴近建筑物侧积聚,扩散范围随时间逐渐趋于稳定,泄漏扩散达到稳定后表现出土壤层积聚、气云沉降、贴近建筑物积聚、气云扩散局限性的特征。风速主要影响天然气的扩散高度,对水平方向的扩散范围影响较小,风速与天然气扩散高度成反比。     

氢燃料动力船岸基式加注作业泄漏扩散模拟及影响因素分析

为保障氢燃料动力船加注作业安全,基于FLACS软件构建模拟模型,将模拟与实验结果进行对比,分析泄漏方向、大气稳定度、风速等因素对氢燃料动力船岸基式加注作业泄漏扩散的影响,并基于模拟结果划定加注作业限制区域及警戒区域。研究结果表明:FLACS模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好;大气越稳定,泄漏后的氢气云越难扩散;水平方向上,氢气云扩散距离随风速的增大先小幅增加后降低;垂直方向上,较高风速对氢气云扩散存在促进作用;建议水上加氢站的控制室在原先设计的基础上向内移动5 m以上;建议取沿船长方向125 m、沿船宽方向21 m、沿垂直方向24 m为包络线,设置加注限制区域,该区域内禁止无关人员进入,并严禁任何形式的点火源。     

高压天然气非恒定速率泄漏扩散数值模拟研究*

为保障天然气工业安全生产与运营,以某天然气储配厂为例,采用等效喷嘴和过程模型,利用FLACS软件对罐区高压天然气非恒定速率泄漏扩散进行数值模拟,考察环境风速及泄漏时间对气体泄漏扩散的影响。结果表明:储存压力为1.05 MPa的天然气储罐发生泄漏会产生欠膨胀射流,泄漏初期具有447.44 kJ的高动能,并在近场扩散起主导作用;在气体持续泄漏的200 s内,泄漏质量流量仅发生0.71 kg/s的变化,对泄漏扩散影响不明显,各风速条件下的泄漏会在动能稳定风场和浮力的共同作用下,使可燃气云体积及分布在一定时间内达到动态稳定状态,等效化学计量气云体积不再发生明显变化;质量流量会随着时间的增加变化会越来越明显,进行非恒定速率气体泄漏扩散的模拟,会更有利于现场情况的判断和处置;风速的增大与风向对扩散的影响成正比,与气云趋于动态稳定的时间、可燃气云分布及体积成反比。     

Emergency evacuation model assuming leakage of toxic substances in a chemical plant

Preparedness of emergency evacuation for the leakage of toxic substances in chemical plants is very important in order to reduce damage. In order to implement an emergency evacuation properly, it is necessary to comprehensively and concretely determine the conditions of the leakage and atmospheric conditions and predict the consequences of the dispersed gases. Repeated training for emergencies is also essential. In order to realize effective evacuation, a prediction model of the evacuation area that anyone can use to obtain the same results both accurately and promptly is developed in the present study. The prediction model is designed such that the wind speed and atmospheric conditions are automatically set, and the leakage rate is the only input parameter, so that anyone can use the model easily. In addition, the model can also predict the atmospheric parameters for up to 3 h and can calculate the evacuation distance so that smooth evacuation can be achieved for changing atmospheric conditions. Finally, the evacuation area is defined by statistically analysed wind fluctuations, and a series of emergency evacuation measures is implemented.     

The effect of job and environmental factors on job satisfaction in automotive industries.

A methodology was developed for diagnosing industrial work, which includes questionnaire, observation, measurements, data collection and statistical analysis. A survey was conducted to investigate the relationship between job satisfaction and factors that affect work design in 2 automotives manufacturing companies in Malaysia. A basic work design model was proposed. The aim of this model was to determine the factors that influence employees' perception towards their work. A set of multiple-choice questionnaires was developed and data was collected by interviewing employees at a production plant. The survey focused on job and environmental factors. The results supported the proposed model and showed that job and environmental factors were significantly related to job satisfaction. They highlighted the significant influence of age, work experience and marital status on job satisfaction. Further, environmental factors, especially the surroundings, context dependence and the building's function, also had a significant impact on job satisfaction.     

The Effect of Job and Environmental Factors on Job Satisfaction in Automotive Industries

A methodology was developed for diagnosing industrial work, which includes questionnaire, observation, measurements, data collection and statistical analysis. A survey was conducted to investigate the relationship between job satisfaction and factors that affect work design in 2 automotives manufacturing companies in Malaysia. A basic work design model was proposed. The aim of this model was to determine the factors that influence employees’ perception towards their work. A set of multiple-choice questionnaires was developed and data was collected by interviewing employees at a production plant. The survey focused on job and environmental factors. The results supported the proposed model and showed that job and environmental factors were significantly related to job satisfaction. They highlighted the significant influence of age, work experience and marital status on job satisfaction. Further, environmental factors, especially the surroundings, context dependence and the building’s function, also had a significant impact on job satisfaction.     

信息可视化在化工企业大气环境影响评价中的研究及应用

运用data system.exe技术,提出大气环境影响评价信息可视化软件的设计方法,建立了大气环境污染因子数据信息可视化模型,应用该成果对某石油化工企业大气环境进行初步风险评价,结果表明:通过输入大气环境污染因子监测值,系统可自动判定大气环境的污染程度,并把对应环境质量的级别、环境的安全程度以及污染对人体与生物的影响程度在图中显示出来,能有效地提高环境影响评价的可靠度。该软件能在识别污染因子数据信息的同时生成与之相匹配的直观的模拟环境图像,有助于管理者进行及时分析与决策,建立的环境污染因子数据信息可视化软件具有很强的适用性。同时对政府部门制定环保工作决策具有重要的参考价值。     

大型油罐火灾爆炸危害范围研究

针对大型油罐火灾爆炸对人员伤亡危害范围的问题，采用PHAST软件模拟定量分析了外部环境（风速、大气稳定度、空气湿度）、初始条件（泄漏点离地高度、泄漏孔直径）和其他因素（防火堤面积）对火灾爆炸伤亡半径的影响，根据模拟结果拟合了外部环境和初始条件与池火灾和蒸气云爆炸危害范围的关系式。结果表明:在相同条件下，软件模拟与实验结果误差较小，该研究具有可信性；池火灾危害范围随风速、泄漏点离地高度、泄漏孔当量直径和防火堤面积的增加而增加，而与大气稳定度的关系不大；蒸气云爆炸危害范围随风速的增加而降低，随大气稳定度和泄漏孔当量直径的增加而增加，而与泄漏点离地高度和空气湿度影响不大；拟合得到的外部环境和初始条件与池火灾和蒸气云爆炸危害范围的关系式可为大型油罐火灾爆炸事故中相关作业人员的应急撤离提供决策参考。