关注 高处坠落个人防护

高处作业对作业人员生命安全存在威胁,一旦发生事故,危险性极大。近年来,高处坠落事故屡见不鲜,其主要原因是作业现场防护不到位和作业人员安全防护措施不足。要遏制高处坠落事故多发频发的势头,解决高处作业安全难题,提高个人防护装备的正确配备及准确使用,势在必行。同时,还需借助安全生产责任保险的力量,共同提高高处作业的安全防护能力。     

机械式停车设备防坠落装置应用及安全风险

防坠落装置是特种设备机械式停车设备的重要安全防护装置。本文介绍了机械式停车设备常见防坠落装置的类型,以升降横移类机械式停车设备用电磁铁式防坠落装置为例,详细阐述了防坠落装置的工作原理和过程,以及控制程序的优化。分析了防坠落装置使用过程中的安全风险,提出了相应的安全建议。     

我国坠落防护装备标准体系的构建与发展

为持续改进我国坠落防护装备标准体系,本文首先对坠落防护装备和坠落防护系统进行介绍;其次对3个国际主流坠落防护装备标准体系进行分析,并梳理我国坠落防护装备标准体系的构建过程及包含的主要标准;最后对我国坠落防护装备标准体系存在的问题进行分析并提出发展规划的建议。结果显示:我国坠落防护装备标准体系存在标准缺乏统一性、管理标准滞后于社会发展、缺少新产品标准规范等问题,针对问题提出可通过落实标准化基础工作、完善标准体系建设、加强标准修订和更新工作等措施完善我国坠落防护装备标准体系。     

高处坠落防护系统研究与应用

正本文在施工现场高处作业坠落防护的管理和实践基础上,结合国家相关规范标准中关于人员坠落防护系统的要求,探讨如何正确运用安全技术手段,在现场设置坠落防护系统,并使其有效发挥作用,从而最大限度避免高处坠落伤亡事故的发生。     

美国建筑业预防坠落运动

<正>美国职业安全与健康研究所(NIOSH)的统计数据显示,在美国,坠落是导致建筑工人死亡的首要原因,占伤亡总量的三分之一。每年在美国超过200个建筑工人死于坠落,超过1万人因坠落重伤。为此,美国职业安全与健康管理局于2012年4月26日正式启动一项全国范围的建筑业预防坠落运动,旨在鼓励、宣传建筑业劳动者安全地工作,使用合适的设备来减少坠落,尤其是对住宅建筑承包商和工人。     

坠落防护装备的安全使用与管理

本文阐述了<坠落防护装备安全使用规范>(下称<规范>)的重要性,介绍了<规范>中对坠落防护装备的配备、安全使用、使用期限、定期检查、标识管理等规范性要求.对于保护广大高处作业人员人身安全与健康具有重要意义.此外,<规范>还在附录中针对高处作业相关人员的培训给出了指导性意见.     

“保险+服务”助力防范高处坠落事故

高处坠落、坍塌和物体打击是建筑施工行业的“三大伤害”。高处坠落事故频发,其主要原因是作业现场防护不到位和作业人员安全防护措施不足。要遏制高处坠落事故多发频发的势头,在建筑施工领域推行安全生产责任保险,是有效降低事故带给受害者本人和家庭重大损失的重要方式。同时,优化建筑施工领域的保险方案设计,做好事故预防服务,才能有效地降低高空坠落事故的发生率。     

基于FTA-Reason的施工作业高空坠落风险预控研究

为了对施工作业中高空坠落风险进行预控,采用故障树法对施工作业高空坠落事故进行了故障树的构建、分析,继而通过对经典Reason模型进行改造,建立了施工作业高空坠落事故的预控模型,包括组织因素、安全监督、操作条件、安全行为的前提以及安全行为5个防御层次。在风险预控的过程中,通过运用建立的施工作业高空坠落风险模型,可以对施工作业中的高空坠落风险进行针对性地预控,为施工安全风险管理提供参考。     

谈建筑业高处坠落事故特点、原因及预防对策

高处坠落事故是威胁建筑工人安全的四大事故之首。分析原因，主要有思想麻痹忽视安全的违章作业；管理不力，“四口”、“五临边”防护不严格；缺乏培训，不懂安全技术等。必须从加强安全教育入手，实现安全管理科学化、标准化，才能有效地控制高处坠落事故的发生。     

11种常见坠落事故 预防措施务必到位

<正>导致事故发生的原因有很多,也有一定的共性。我们将极易导致事故发生的安全隐患整理如下,并附上相应的预防措施,供大家参考。洞口坠落包括电梯井、风井、烟井、采光井、预留洞口坠落等。事故原因:洞口操作不慎,身体失稳。走动时,不小心身落洞口。坐躺在洞口边缘休息失误落入洞口。在洞口旁边嬉闹起哄打架,无意坠入洞口。洞口没有安全防护措施。安全防护措施不     

速差自控器新标准使市场更规范——GB 24544-2009《坠落防护速差自控器》解读

1 防坠落的现状 坠落事故是一种较为常见的事故类型,在发生的各类生产安全事故中往往占有较大比例. 目前较为常见的防坠落装备包括速差自控器、自锁器、安全带、防坠网等.坠落防护装备相比其他个体防护装备品类而言,关注度较低,而速差自控器更是防坠落装备中的细分领域.所以,在很长一段时期内,速差自控器没有被相关方给予足够的重视....     

为热防护产品的性能提升提供技术保障——GB/T 38302-2019《防护服装热防护性能测试方法》解读

1 标准编制的背景 在现代工业社会中,各类火灾(建筑火灾、油池火灾、喷射火焰以及闪爆等)事故时有发生.这些火灾事故在造成重大财产经济损失的同时,作业人员也可能会因为防护不当而遭受到不同程度的烧伤,甚至导致死亡.     

Dogs and cats as environmental fall hazards

Problem

Falls are the leading cause of non-fatal injuries in the United States. This study assessed the prevalence of fall injuries associated with cats and dogs in the United States and describes the types of injuries sustained, the location, activity, and circumstances under which they occurred.

Methods

Data were from a nationally representative sample of emergency department visits from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2006, available through the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP).

Results

Based on 7,456 cases, an estimated 86,629 fall injuries each year were associated with cats and dogs, for an injury rate of 29.7. There were 7.5 times as many injuries involving dogs as cats and females were 2.1 times more likely to be injured than males. Injury rates were highest among people aged ≥ 75, but pets were a fall hazard for all ages. Fractures and contusions or abrasions were the most common injuries; the highest rates were for injuries to the extremities. About 66.4% of falls associated with cats and 31.3 % of falls associated with dogs were caused by falling or tripping over the pet. An additional 21.2% of falls related to dogs were caused by being pushed or pulled.

Summary

Although pets were associated with fall injuries, this risk can be reduced by increasing public awareness about situations that can lead to falls, such as dog-walking and chasing pets, and by calling attention to the importance of obedience training for dogs to minimize hazardous behaviors such as pulling and pushing.

Impact on industry

Fall injuries represent a burden to individuals, our society and our health care system. Increasing public awareness and implementing basic prevention strategies can help people of all ages enjoy their pets, reduce their chances of experiencing pet-related falls, and lessen the impact of fall injuries on our health care system.     

某矿一起坠井事故的剖析与对策

对某矿副井发生的一起3名乘罐人员坠井事故进行了分析,并提出了预防措施。     

Characterization of fall patients: Does age matter?

IntroductionEvaluating age-specific fall characteristics is important for prevention programs. The aim was to characterize fallers who presented to our trauma center. We hypothesized that fall characteristics and outcomes would vary with age.MethodsData were retrospectively collected from the trauma registry and electronic medical records during January 1st, 2014-December 31st, 2015. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test with Yates’ continuity correction and one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test.ResultsThere were 1541 fallers, 814 (52.8%) were male. Ages ranged from 11 months to 100 years. The admission rate was high at 86%, with an average hospital stay of 5.7 days. Patients in the 0-18 and 19-45 age groups spent significantly less time in the hospital (p < 0.0001). Elderly patients had the highest average injury severity score (p < 0.0001). However, the youngest patients required surgery more often (p = 0.0004). The overall mortality rate was 3.6% and 52.8% were male. The mortality rate increased with age, from 0% for the 0-18 age group to 6.9% for patients ≥ 65 years of age. Remarkably, fallers in the 19-45 and 46-64 age groups predominantly died from ground level falls even though the average fall height in these groups was the highest (p < 0.0001). More fallers in the 19-45 and 46-64 age groups tested positive for alcohol/drug use (p < 0.0001). Middle-aged and elderly patients were more likely to be discharged to a skilled nursing or rehabilitation facility compared to younger patients who were discharged home.Conclusions and practical applicationsFall characteristics and outcomes varied with age. Data on age-specific characteristics, outcomes, and risk factors of falls will help in developing targeted interventions and may lead to better approaches to treat patients.     

Influence of weather conditions on the performance of energy absorbers and guided type fall arresters on a flexible anchorage line during fall arresting

Energy absorbers and guided type fall arresters on a flexible anchorage line belong to very popular group of equipment protecting against falls from a height. This equipment is used in different weather conditions (different temperature, humidity, precipitation, etc.), which influence its parameters. Fibre ropes and webbing, made from polyamide fibres, used in energy absorbers and guided type fall arresters, are sensitive to weather conditions. Laboratory tests proved that the changes in temperature, humidity, etc., especially influence dynamic elongation of this equipment and the force acting on anchor point during fall arresting. These phenomena decide directly about the fall arresting process and can influence safety of people working on a height.     

Locking of retractable type fall arresters--test method and stand.

Retractable type fall arresters are very effective personal equipment protecting against falls from a height. These devices are used under different atmospheric conditions and in the presence of various types of industrial pollution. For this reason appropriate locking after conditioning simulating extreme conditions of a worksite is one of the essential characteristics of retractable type fall arresters. This article presents the requirements for locking of the devices. A previously used locking test method and its disadvantages are discussed. The article suggests an improved test method and test equipment. Measurement of the test mass acceleration is the most important improvement introduced into the test method. The article shows laboratory tests used to verify the method, which turned out to be a valuable source of information concerning the performance of retractable type fall arresters.     

抽水蓄能电站防高坠安全防护设施研究

抽水蓄能电站运行及检修期间存在大量高处作业,而通过技术改造进行高坠防护,既增加电站运营成本,同时也给运行及检修造成一定影响。为此,通过对已投入运行和正在建设的抽水蓄能电站存在的高处作业情况的调研与分析,围绕施工期高坠风险控制,系统研究抽水蓄能电站运行及检修作业防高坠设施的设置技术与方法,最终编制《抽水蓄能电站防高坠安全防护设施设置图集》和《抽水蓄能电站防高坠安全防护设施设计报告》,研究成果可用于指导新建电站工程建设和已建电厂的相关技术改造。     

速差自控器动态性能试验方法的改进

为施工人员选择和配置安全可靠的个人防坠器,每年送到具有相应资质的检测单位进行强制检定,是防止高处坠落事故的重要手段。某型速差自控器在冲击试验中发生了钢丝绳断裂事故,为了查找和分析事故的真正原因,对不同厂家的速差自控器抽样,在相同试验方法和检测条件下进行冲击试验,并根据相关的标准对试验结果进行力学性能对比分析研究,找到了造成钢丝绳断裂事故的主要原因是该类型速差自控器使用的钢丝绳直径偏细以及缺少内部或外部缓冲器,研究中还发现部分国内标准技术要求不够明确,制造、检测和使用方对速差自控器相关标准理解存在偏差,是造成本次事故的间接原因。针对现有的部分速差自控器产品存在的质量问题,并根据现行最新标准和实际工作条件,提出改进了的检测方法和防范措施,从源头上防范坠落事故。