2007年中国安全生产事故与自然灾害状况

综述了2007年中国安全生产事故状况和自然灾害情况.2007年中国共发生各类安全生产事故506 376起,死亡101 480人,同比分别减少19.3%和10.1%.非煤矿山共发生伤亡事故1 861起、死亡2 188人,同比分别下降0 6%和3.9%.火灾发生15 9万起,死亡1 418人,受伤863人,直接财产损失9 9亿元.共发生森林火灾9 260起,草原火灾248起.2007年各类自然灾害共造成39 777 9万人(次)不同程度受灾,因灾死亡2 325人; 农作物受灾面积4 899万hm2,上升19 2%,其中绝收面积575万hm2,上升6.2%.因灾直接经济损失2 363亿元,比2006年下降6.5%.安徽、四川、河南、湖南、云南、重庆、浙江、陕西等地受灾较为严重.全国因气象灾害共造成经济损失约2 342亿元.2007年共发生风暴潮、海浪、海冰、赤潮和海啸等灾害性海洋过程163次,造成直接经济损失88 37亿元,死亡(含失踪)161人.地质灾害共发生25 364起,死亡598人,造成直接经济损失24 75亿元.大陆地区共发生5级以上地震17次,地震灾害造成死亡3人,直接经济损失20.19亿元.结果表明,2007年中国安全生产事故的发生较2006年有所缓和,自然灾害状况也较2006年轻.     

2006年中国安全生产事故与自然灾害状况

综述了2006年中国安全生产事故状况和自然灾害情况.统计和分析了安全生产事故和自然灾害发生的情况,并给出了2006年10大食品安全事件.2006年中国共发生各类安全生产事故627158起,死亡112822人,同比分别减少12.6%和11.2%.非煤矿山共发生伤亡事故1869起、死亡2271人,同比分别下降3.1%和3.0%.火灾发生222702起,死亡1517人,受伤1418人,直接财产损失784468411元.2006年各类自然灾害共造成43453.3万人(次)不同程度受灾,因灾死亡3186人;农作物受灾面积41091.3千hm2,上升5.9%,其中绝收面积5408.9千hm2,上升17.7%.因灾直接经济损失2528.1亿元,比2005年上升23.8%.浙江、福建、江西、湖南、广东、广西、重庆、四川等地受灾严重.全国因气象灾害共造成2704人死亡,经济损失约2120亿元.2006年是中国海洋灾害的重灾年,风暴潮、海浪、海冰、赤潮和海啸等灾害性海洋过程共发生179次,造成直接经济损失218.45亿元,减少34.3%,死亡(含失踪)492人.地质灾害共发生102804起.大陆地区共发生5级以上地震14次,死亡25人,直接经济损失18.6亿元.结果表明,2006年中国安全生产事故的发生较2005年有所缓和,但自然灾害状况较2005年严重.     

2019年我国十大自然灾害

2019年,我国自然灾害以洪涝、台风、干旱、地震、地质灾害为主,森林草原火灾、风雹、低温冷冻、雪灾等灾害也有不同程度发生,经应急管理部会同自然资源部、住房城乡建设部、红十字会总会、中国国家铁路集团有限公司等国家减灾委成员单位会商核定,全年各种自然灾害共造成1.3亿人次受灾,909人死亡和失踪,12.6万间房屋倒塌,农作物受灾面积192.57平方千米,直接经济损失3 270.9亿元。     

创新治理模式完善工作机制创建平安畅通——在全区安全生产工作会议上的发言

2008年,全区各级公安交通管理部门在自治区党委、政府的正确领导和有关单位的大力协助下,道路交通安全工作取得了近十年来最好的成绩.全年共发生道路交通事故6121起,造成2677人死亡,7410人受伤,直接经济损失2023万元,与上年同期相比,事故起数下降20.05%,死亡人数下降8.51%,受伤人数下降24.79%,经济损失下降25.08%.其中一次死亡3人以上     

2006年福建省安全生产工作成效明显

2006年,福建省安全生产形势保持持续平稳的态势,全面完成了年初国家和省政府下达的事故控制目标.全省共发生各类事故31192起,同比减少4040起,下降11.6%;死亡4616人,同比减少285人,下降5.8%;受伤25412人,同比减少2623人,下降9.3%;直接经济损失22734万元,下降0.2%,事故四项指数全面下降;全年共发生重特大事故95起、死亡383人,起数持平、死亡人数减少1人.     

毫不放松 做好安全生产

正8月4日,应急管理部发布了今年7月全国自然灾害情况。7月全国自然灾害以洪涝和地质灾害为主,风雹、地震、干旱、森林火灾等灾害均有不同程度发生。在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下,在各方面共同努力下,有效保障了人民生命财产安全,最大限度降低了灾害损失。经核定,各种自然灾害共造成4308万人次受灾,130人死亡失踪,299.7万人次紧急转移安置,2.7万间房屋倒塌,24.4万间房屋不同程度损坏,农作物受灾面积5606千公顷,直接经济损失1170亿元。     

去年全国道路交通事故仍居高不下

本刊讯（通讯员李勤）１９９９年 ,全国公安交通管理部门共受理道路交通事故４１２８６０起 ,事故造成８３５２９人死亡、２８６０８０人受伤 ,造成直接经济损失２１２４０１万元 ,分别比上年增长１９ ３ %、７ ０ %、２８ ４%和１０ １ % ;万车死亡率由上年的１７ ３下降到１５ ５。平均每天发生交通事故１１３１起 ,死亡２２９人 ,受伤７８４人 ,直接经济损失５８２万元。分析１９９９年道路交通事故 ,有以下几个特点 :一、机动车驾驶员仍是交通肇事的主要群体。全年机动车驾驶员肇事３５１８８１起 ,造成６２１０５人死亡 ,２３５９０３…     

2002年湖北省工矿企业伤亡事故分析及对策

1基本情况2002年,湖北省工矿企业共发生事故445起,死亡554人,受伤180人,直接经济损失2954.01万元,与上年同比,分别上升5.95%、26.48%、15.38%、65.09%。2002年,全省工矿企业共发生重特大事故23起,其中特大事故2起,重大事故21起,造成死亡121人,受伤23人,直接经济损失838.3万元,与2001年相比分别上升4.55%、44.05%、15%、1.46倍。2002年全省工矿企业千人死亡率0.054,千人重伤率0.018,均低于省控指标(0.08和0.12),实现了年初制定的安全生产责任目标。2事故特点(1)从地市看,大部分市、州死亡人数同比上升,且少数市死亡人数增幅较高。上升幅度较…     

大型施工起重设备的租赁与安全

近年来建筑施工现场塔式起重机的使用数量不断增多、塔机重大事故呈上升趋势.据国家质检总局统计,2001年全国共发生特种设备事故308起(其中起重机械68起),共死亡284人,受伤435人,直接经济损失1851.9万元.2002年全国共发生特种设备事故352起(其中起重机械事故125起),共死亡351人,受伤372人,直接经济损失2552.4万元.     

应急管理部发布2020年1月全国自然灾害基本情况

近日,应急管理部会同自然资源部、水利部、农业农村部、气象局等部门和单位对2020年1月全国自然灾害情况进行了会商分析。经核定,1月份,我国自然灾害以低温冷冻和雪灾、地震、风雹灾害为主,干旱、森林草原火灾、地质灾害等也有不同程度发生。各种自然灾害共造成68万人次受灾,2人死亡;1.4万间房屋受损;农作物受灾面积50.2千公顷,其中绝收5.7千公顷;直接经济损失7.5亿元。     

Trends in occupational hygiene in Finland

The aim of this work is to evaluate and describe the current status of, and prospects for, the future of occupational hygiene in Finland. The main sources of information include a seminar held in the annual meeting of Finnish Occupational Hygiene Society and interviews with different stakeholders. Nanotechnology and other new materials, changing work environments, circular economy including green jobs, new medical methods and advances of construction methods were recognized as future challenges. Future work opportunities for occupational hygiene experts included exposure assessments in indoor air surveys, private consulting and entrepreneurship in general, international activities and product safety issues. Unclear topics needing more attention in the future were thought to be in new exposures, sensitive persons, combined effects, skin exposures and applicability of personal protective equipment. Occupational hygiene should broaden its view; occupational hygienists should have to cooperate with other specialists and grasp new challenges.     

Gender differences in DUI offenders in treatment in Texas

OBJECTIVE: This is a study of 8,464 adult women and 21,155 adult males who entered substance abuse treatment in Texas between 2000 and 2005. Participants were either on probation for driving under the influence (DUI), were referred to treatment by DUI probation, or had been arrested for DUI in the past year. METHODS: The female and male clients were compared on demographic characteristics, substance use patterns, DSM-IV diagnoses, and levels of impairment. T tests and chi square tests were used to determine significance and multivariate logistic regression identified predictors of completing treatment and being abstinent at follow-up. RESULTS: The proportion of females who were sent to treatment as a result of DUI increased from 27% in 2000 to 32% in 2005. Females were significantly more likely than males to be White (73% vs. 56%), to have used substances a shorter period of time (17 vs. 19 years), to be seeking custody to regain their children (11% vs. 2%), to meet the DSM criteria for drug dependence (32% vs. 23%), to have injected drugs (31% vs. 23%), to have used substances daily (42% vs. 40%), to have a depressive disorder (16% vs. 7%) or bipolar disorder (12% vs. 5%), and to be have been in treatment before (60% vs. 49%). In contrast, males were more likely to be alcohol dependent (49% vs. 44%). Females were less likely to complete treatment (67% vs. 72%) and reported significantly more days of problems on the 6 domains of the ASI at both admission and at 60-day follow-up. Furthermore, at follow-up, they were more likely to be living with someone who abused alcohol or used drugs (9% vs.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Although females comprised only 29% of the DUI treatment admissions, they were more impaired and experienced more problems than their male counterparts. The findings indicate that additional resources, including treatment for co-occurring mental health problems and living in sober households, may be keys to helping these women achieve abstinence and prevent additional DUI episodes.     

Violence in the workplaces in Finland

The aim of this study was to describe violence in Finnish workplaces by comparing it with leisure-time violence. The data were derived from 13,762 interviews made from a representative sample of the Finnish population in 1988. The subjects were asked to report all the violent incidents they had encountered during the previous 12 months. There were 394 victims of violence in workplaces, that is, 40.6 victims per 1,000 workers. The rate of occupational violence was almost identical for males (40.6) and females (40.5). The most hazardous occupations were prison guard, police officer, and mental health nurse. The main reasons for violence at work were related to refusal of an authority's order to go away or to the relationship between doctor or nurse and patient. A typical assailant was an unaccompanied man who was under the influence of alcohol.     

我国非煤矿山安全生产的差距

从我国非煤矿山安全生产立法、安全生产管理体制、监察执法、群众监督、宣传教育、科研、矿山企业等方面与国外矿业进行了对比分析，分析了我国非煤矿山存在的问题以及与国外的差距，最后分析了产生问题与差距的原因。     

Risk Assessment in the Working Environment in Estonia

The first step to chart hazards in the working environment in Estonia (labour force: 0.65 million) was taken by the National Board of Health Protection in the beginning of 1996.

The existing chemical, physical, and biological agents in the working environment were investigated with the help of local health inspectors in all counties. An identification of hazards and workers at risk was carried out. The results of the analysis showed that 16% of Estonian industrial workers are exposed to different hazards: 20,000 persons are exposed to noise, 11,000 are working in the conditions of vibration, 10,000 are affected by unsatisfactory microclimate, 6,000 complain about long-lasting work in a compulsory posture, the overexertion of eyes is suffered by 5,500 persons, and physical overload by 3,500 workers. In the group of chemical hazards the greatest numbers of workers are exposed to organic dust (6,500) and welding aerosols (5,400), followed by petroleum products (2,700), and oil-shale dust (4,300). The measurements of working conditions showed that an average of 30.3% of the results are above the standards. Proposals for the improvement of the situation in occupational safety and health are presented.     

Trends in occupational injuries and fatality in Turkey

Introduction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the trend of occupational injuries in Turkey using epidemiologic criteria such as incidence mortality and fatality/all injuries recorded – rates. Materials and methods. Safety and health data were obtained from the Annual Statistic Books of the Social Insurance Institution (1988–2006) and Social Security Institution (2007–2011) of Turkey. Results. The results from the official data showed that although total employment is increasing the number of occupational injuries and incidence and mortality rates are decreasing. The results also demonstrate that occupational fatality/all injuries recorded – rate is increasing. The fatality/all injuries recorded – rate per 1000 injuries increased to 25.5 in 2011 from 8.6 in 1988. Each work day an average of five people died because of occupational injuries. Discussion and conclusions. The fatality/all injuries recorded – rate (the number of fatal cases per 1000 occupational injuries) is an important indicator of the injury rate for a country. Systems of occupational injury and illness surveillance constitute a critical resource for the management and reduction of occupational injuries and illness.     

我国化学品安全技术说明书(SDS)的管理现状研究

从分析我国化学品安全技术说明书的监管现状出发,研究对比了我国和国外在SDS覆盖化学品的范围、审核监督制度以及信息保密机制等管理技术方面的不同做法;指出我国对化学品安全技术说明书的监管在这三方面存在缺陷和不足;提出加强和完善化学品安全技术说明书的监管是提高我国化学品安全监管水平的重要手段;认为借鉴欧盟、美国和加拿大等国家的先进做法拓宽需要编制SDS的化学品范围、建立化学品安全技术说明书第三方检测制度、加强监督、完善信息保密机制将对促进我国的化学品安全监管水平具有重要意义。     

Trends in chemical hazards in Japan

In the past, the chemical industry in Japan has been the cause of a number of major industrial accidents. Subsequent to each accident, specific lessons have been learned. These lessons learned have been implemented in terms of safety education of the employees and/or safety measures of the equipment and facilities resulting in a rapid decrease of corresponding accident frequencies. In this paper, we summarized both recent and past major accidents caused by chemical substances in fixed installations in Japan. Case studies show that runaway reactions are among the main causes of major accident occurrences in the chemical process industry in Japan. A recent fatal poisoning accident caused by H₂S gas generated during maintenance work again highlights the necessity of adequate safety management in a chemical factory. Therefore, even if hazard evaluation of chemical substances and chemical processes is necessary to prevent runaway reactions, human error is also an important factor contributing to reaction hazards [Wakakura, M. (1997) Human factor in chemical accidents, J. Safety Eng. High Press. Gas. Safety Inst. Japan, 34, 846].     

Working Conditions in Small Private Enterprises in Poland

The study deals with working conditions in small private enterprises in Poland. Data come from 50 small enterprises from the Warsaw area. Information about the evaluation of working conditions and the existence of programmes for their improvement was gathered with the help of questionnaires addressed to employees and employers. The results constitute a ‘photograph’ of the Polish reality at the beginning of its transition from planned to market economy. The study revealed a lack of programmes for the improvement of working conditions in a significant number of the enterprises studied as well as little interest in occupational safety on the part of employers (owners).

The study also revealed that all decisions—including those about the improvement of working conditions—were made by employers. Hence, the need for the widest possible dissemination of knowledge on occupational safety and the protection of human in the working environment with particular stress put on employers. Employers who are knowledgeable in this field and who are aware of its importance can significantly influence the improvement of working conditions in small enterprises.