污泥-谷壳吸附剂对混合染料吸附机理的研究

污泥和谷壳为原料制备了污泥-谷壳吸附剂（SCA）。采用SCA处理酸性大红和碱性嫩黄模拟混合染料废水。通过动力学分析、FTIR表征和SEM表征对SCA吸附混合染料的机理进行了研究。实验结果表明：在吸附温度25 ℃、混合溶液中酸性大红和碱性嫩黄的质量浓度均为100 mg/L、SCA加入量0.5 g/L、吸附时间400 min的条件下，酸性大红的吸附量为125 mg/g，碱性嫩黄的吸附量为170 mg/g；SCA对混合染料的吸附行为符合拟二级反应动力学方程，液膜扩散为吸附的主要控制过程。表征结果显示：SCA孔隙发达且丰富，以中孔和细密的微孔为主，说明SCA具有较高的吸附能力； SCA中包含C—H，C—OH，C—C，CC等主要官能团，SCA对混合染料的吸附为物理吸附。     

有机膨润土对油田废水中聚丙烯酰胺的去除研究

采用溴化十六烷基三甲铵(CTMAB)制成了单阳离子改性膨润土和双阳离子改性膨润土,并采用扫描电子显微镜,X射线衍射和红外光谱对其进行表征.同时研究了有机改性膨润土对石油废水中聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)的去除效果,并初步探讨了其吸附机理.结果表明两种类型的改性膨润土对PAM的吸附等温线都符合Langmuir等温吸附曲线,改性膨润土的层间距的大小是影响饱和吸附量的一个重要因素.7%单阳离子改性膨润土对PAM的去除率可达90%以上;双阳离子改性膨润土对PAM的饱和吸附容量随长碳链表面活性剂CTMAB的增加而增加.     

螯合树脂去除丙烯酸丁酯废水中的二价阳离子

采用氨基膦酸螯合树脂C-900去除丙烯酸丁酯废水中的二价阳离子，考察了吸附温度和废水流量对树脂动态吸附性能的影响，并用Thomas模型进行动态吸附数据的拟合分析。实验结果表明，在吸附温度为35℃、废水流量为15SV的条件下，处理后出水中3种二价阳离子总质量浓度为1.0mg/L时的穿透体积为240BV，达到穿透体积时树脂对Ca²⁺，Mg²⁺，Cu²⁺的去除率分别为100%，99.2%，99.8%。     

两性离子超分子水凝胶的制备及对废水中阴/阳离子染料的吸附去除

以三聚氯氰和5-氨基间苯二甲酸为原料，通过亲核取代制备了一种新型耐盐两性离子超分子水凝胶（ZSH）2,4,6-三（3,5-二羧基苯基氨基）-1,3,5-三嗪。运用FTIR、NMR、MS和SEM技术对ZSH进行了表征，并将其用于对阴离子染料活性艳红（K-2BP）和阳离子红（X-GTL）的吸附去除。基于ZSH的pH响应性和耐盐性，在高盐染料废水中利用ZSH的原位溶胶-凝胶转变，可在其与阴/阳离子染料接触的瞬间完成吸附。当吸附pH为0.86、ZSH与K-2BP的质量比为5∶2时，K-2BP的去除率可达89.6%，饱和吸附量为459.2 mg/g；当吸附pH为1.00、ZSH与X-GTL的质量比为2∶1时，X-GTL的去除率可达91.8%，饱和吸附量为427.6 mg/g。ZSH吸附K-2BP和X-GTL的过程更符合Freundlich等温吸附模型。     

改性多壁碳纳米管对Pb2+、Cu2+和Co2+的竞争吸附研究

采用HNO3改性的多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）分别对Pb^2＋、Cu^2＋和Co^2＋进行吸附，并在含3种离子的混合溶液中进行竞争吸附。单一离子吸附结果表明，在室温、pH=5的条件下，MWCNTs对单一离子的饱和吸附量分别为：Pb^2＋91mg／g；Cu^2＋24mg／g；Co^2＋12mg／g。竞争吸附结果表明，在溶液中各金属离子的平衡质量浓度均为30mg／L时，MWCNTs对Pb^2＋、Cu^2＋和Co^2＋的平衡吸附量分别为43，15，6mg／g。MWCNTs对3种金属离子的吸附选择性大小顺序为：Pb^2＋〉Cu^2＋〉Co^2＋分别用Langmuir和Frundlich模型对单一吸附和竞争吸附进行拟合，结果表明，该吸附过程更符合Langmuir模型。     

用涂敷氧化铁的砂粒吸附并回收Cr（Ⅵ）

用涂敷氧化铁的砂粒吸附并回收Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）ＡｑｕａｌｉｎｅＡｂｓｔｒａｃｔｓ，９［６］，１５７（１９９３）美国杂志介绍一种新型吸附材料，制作方法如下：把硝酸亚铁或氯化亚铁溶液加到砂粒的混合物上，适当加热。这种溶液可制成吸附阳离子或阴离子的物料，随溶液的ｐ...     

聚丙烯酸钠-硅溶胶的合成及其对阳离子金黄染料的吸附

通过简单的水溶液聚合法成功合成了聚丙烯酸钠-硅溶胶复合吸附剂,并对其进行了SEM和热重分析,研究了吸附条件对该吸附剂对阳离子金黄染料吸附效果的影响。实验结果表明,当硅溶胶质量分数为20%、初始染料质量浓度为60 mg/L、初始溶液pH为7、反应温度为298 K时,聚丙烯酸钠-硅溶胶复合吸附剂对阳离子金黄染料的吸附量为64.64 mg/g。由二级吸附动力学模型获得的活化能(Ea=2.617 kJ/mol)表明,聚丙烯酸钠-硅溶胶复合材料对阳离子金黄的吸附属于物理吸附,低温有利于吸附。     

水性油墨废水絮凝污泥制备吸附剂及阳离子染料的吸附

以水性油墨废水絮凝污泥为原料、采用一步炭化活化法制备了吸附剂,并将其用于阳离子蓝X-GRRL溶液(300 mg/L)的吸附处理。考察了吸附剂投加量、吸附时间、吸附温度和吸附pH对吸附效果的影响,并对吸附动力学进行了探讨。结果表明:所制得吸附剂的总孔体积为0.5 cm~3/g,平均孔径为7.12 nm;在吸附剂投加量0.6g/L、吸附时间420 min、吸附温度25℃、吸附pH 5.4的条件下,吸附量高达486.21 mg/g,脱色率达97.24%;该吸附剂对于阳离子蓝X-GRRL的吸附过程可用准二级动力学模型和颗粒内扩散效应模型很好地描述。     

脂肪磺酸基阳离子交换树脂对Cr3+的吸附和解吸性能

研究了脂肪磺酸基阳离子交换树脂（简称树脂）对Cr3＋的吸附和解吸性能。在溶液初始Cr3＋质量浓度为250m∥L、吸附温度为25℃、溶液pH为5的条件下，树脂对Cr3＋的吸附量最大。Cr3＋质量浓度在实验范围内，等温吸附过程均符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程，最大吸附量为18．6208mg／g。树脂对Cr3＋的吸附在吸附时间为180min时趋于平衡，且吸附为液膜扩散控制。随吸附温度的升高（10～55℃），树脂对Cr3＋的吸附量略有增加。用质量分数为5％的HCl溶液可将吸附在树脂上的Cr3＋解吸，解吸率近100％，且重复5次吸附和解吸过程，树脂对Cr3＋的吸附量基本保持不变。     

不同原料生物炭对NH4+-N、PO43--P吸附性能的差异性及其成因分析

以芦苇、小麦秸秆和竹子为原料,利用回流式炭化工艺制备3种生物炭。比较三者对NH_4~+-N、PO_4~(3-)-P的吸附性能,并对三者吸附性能差异的成因进行分析。实验结果表明:3种生物炭对PO_4~(3-)-P的吸附效果整体上优于NH_4~+-N,因为3种生物炭的阳离子交换容量CEC值和Zeta电位绝对值的水平均较低,不利于阳离子的吸附;竹炭Z-C对NH_4~+-N的吸附效果最佳,6 h去除率为3.59%,低的N含量、pH及Zeta电位绝对值对NH_4~+-N的吸附有利;芦苇炭LW-C中的O更多地与K、Mg等结合,形成能够与PO_4~(3-)反应生成磷酸盐沉淀或者晶体物质的金属氧化物,从而具有最好的PO_4~(3-)-P的吸附效果,6 h时去除率达16.91%。     

Synthesis of Gum Acacia Capped Polyaniline-Based Nanocomposite Hydrogel for the Removal of Methylene Blue Dye

In this research work, a novel gum acacia capped polyaniline-based nanocomposite hydrogel (GPA NCHs) was developed and evaluated for the adsorptive removal of cationic methylene blue dye (MB) from aqueous solutions. Firstly, Gum acacia (GA) capped Polyaniline (PANI) dispersion was synthesized by using dispersion polymerization. Then, a water-swellable hydrogel network consisting of GA-PANI and acrylamide (AM) was obtained by using N,N′ -methylene-bisacrylamide (MBA) as a cross-linker, and ammonium persulphate/N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (APS/TMEDA) as an initiating system. The developed materials were characterized by UV–visible, FTIR, XRD, SEM–EDX and TEM techniques. The microscopy studies revealed that GA-PANI nanoparticles have a granular morphological surface with an average size of?~?40–100 nm. Removal of MB dye from aqueous system was performed by adsorption studies in batch equilibrium mode with different dosage of GA-PANI, MB concentration, pH and temperatures. The adsorption data revealed that the absorption capacity of GPA NCHs highly depends on the dosage of GA-PANI, pH and concentration of the MB dye. The maximum percentage of MB removal onto GPA 1.0 NCHs was found to be 89% at pH 10 with a dye concentration of 10 mg L^?1. The equilibrium adsorption data were also analyzed by different models to understand the adsorption process. The results revealed that the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics and it fit well in Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms with a maximum adsorption capacity of 35.41 mg g^?1. These studies demonstrate that the GPA NCHs could be a promising adsorbent material for the removal of MB dye from contaminated aqueous systems.

     

The Removal of Acid Violet 90 from Aqueous Solutions Using PANI and PANI/Clinoptilolite Composites: Isotherm and Kinetics

Polyaniline (PANI) and polyaniline/Gördes-clinoptilolite (PANI/GC) composite materials were synthesized by the chemical oxidative polymerization technique and used in the adsorption of Acid Violet 90 metal-complex dye (AV 90). The samples were characterized by X-ray diffractions, nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopes and Fourier transform infrared. The effect of initial pH (2–8), sorbent dosage (0.5–4.0 g/L) and initial dye concentrations (50–400 mg/L) on adsorption onto PANI and PANI/GC were examined in a batch system. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models were used to investigate the adsorption mechanism of AV 90 on PANI and PANI/GC. Langmuir isotherm model for PANI/GC and Freundlich isotherm model for PANI were fitted well with the experimental data. The highest dye uptake capacities were obtained with Langmuir isotherm model as 153.85 mg/g and 72.46 mg/g for PANI and PANI/GC, respectively. In order to determine the adsorption kinetics, pseudo first-order and second-order kinetic models were studied. As a result, the adsorption of AV 90 dye on PANI and PANI/GC was better identified with Pseudo second-order kinetic model than the first one.     

选择性吸附-高效生物降解法处理含硝基苯与苯酚混合废水

结合NDA-150型树脂（简称树脂）选择性吸附和生物降解的优点，对含硝基苯和苯酚的模拟混合废水（简称混合废水）进行处理。通过树脂的选择性吸附，使混合废水中的硝基苯和苯酚分离，随后用高效菌对树脂所吸附的硝基苯进行生物降解，同时实现树脂的再生。实验结果表明：通过调节混合废水的pH，树脂可有效地将混合废水中的硝基苯和苯酚进行选择性吸附分离；树脂对硝基苯的吸附是可逆的；树脂的再生程度受微生物对可利用硝基苯质量浓度的下限（1．2mg／L）限制；吸附-生物再生循环实验结果表明，该树脂可有效抵抗微生物的生物降解与破坏。     

黑曲霉吸附弱酸性艳蓝RAWL的机理

为了研究黑曲霉吸附弱酸性艳蓝RAWL（简称染料）的机理,通过红外光谱和化学修饰的方法,考察了黑曲霉对染料吸附性能的pn响应模式,表征了黑曲霉干粉菌体表面的主要官能团组成及不同官能团对吸附染料的贡献。实验结果表明：在强酸性（pH不大于2）条件下黑曲霉对染料的吸附效果最好;黑曲霉干粉菌体表面含有氨基、羧基和磷酸根;经脂质脱除、磷酸根酯化修饰、羧基酯化修饰、氨基甲基化修饰后对染料的吸附性能不变,而乙酰化氨基在酸性体系中失去质子化能力,对染料的吸附性能下降51．6％,说明低pH条件下氨基质子化导致带正电的黑曲霉干粉菌体与带负电的染料之间的静电引力是吸附染料的重要原因。     

NaOH改性活性炭的表面特征及吸附甲醛的性能

研究了NaOH改性活性炭(AC)的表面官能团变化特征及其吸附甲醛的性能.实验结果表明:改性AC表面的羧基、酚羟基、内酯基等官能团均与NaOH发生化学反应;质量分数为30%的NaOH溶液对AC表面的清洗作用最大,能将AC表面的杂质基本清除,此时AC表面羧基、酚羟基、内酯基和羰基浓度均达到最大;NaOH溶液质量分数为30%时,改性AC吸附甲醛的效果最好;改性AC表面酚羟基浓度的大小与改性AC吸附甲醛气体穿透时间的长短呈正比.     

Assessment of Potential Capability of Water Bamboo Leaves on the Adsorption Removal Efficiency of Cationic Dye from Aqueous Solutions

Removal of toxic pollutants from water and wastewater is becoming an important process with the increase of industrial activities. The present study focused on assessing the suitability and efficiency of water bamboo leaves (WBL) for the removal of cationic dye from aqueous solutions. The effect of different variables in the batch method including solution pH (2–12), initial dye concentration (50–250 mg L^?1), adsorbent dose (0.05–0.30 g), contact time (5–180 min) and temperature (283–333 K) on the dye removal was investigated. The adsorption kinetics was discussed in view of four kinetics models. The results showed that the pseudo-second-order kinetics model described dye adsorption on WBL very well. The experimental equilibrium data were also tested by four isotherm models. It was found that adsorption of dye on WBL fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model, implying the binding energy on the whole surface of the adsorbent was uniform and the dye molecules onto the surface of the adsorbent were monolayer coverage. Calculation of various thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption process indicated feasibility and exothermic nature of dye adsorption.     

Modified Sugarcane Bagasse with Tartaric Acid for Removal of Diazonium Blue from Aqueous Solutions

The present study concerns with exploring the possibility of using of tartaric acid pretreated sugarcane bagasse (SCB) for removing diazonium blue (DB) from aqueous solutions. The effect of different factors on the efficiency of the adsorbent for the DB dye removal was investigated, including initial dye concentration, contact time, SCB dosage and SCB particle size. Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin and D–R isothermal models have been employed to analyze the adsorption equilibrium data. It was found that the adsorption of the dye fits well with the D–R model. The adsorption kinetics was also done applying four kinetic models. The regression equation coefficients refer to fitting the data to the second-order kinetic equation for removal of the DB dye. It is probable that the rate limiting step is a chemical adsorption between the adsorbent and the dye. This chemisorption process is further confirmed from the energy value of 15.1 kJ mol^?1 deduced from the D–R isotherm.     

Effective Removing of Remazol Black B by the Polyacrylamide Cryogels Modified with Polyethyleneimine

In this study, modified polyacrylamide (PAAm) cryogels with high dye holding capacity were synthesized with an easily and cheaply process and adsorption of Remazol Black B (RBB) with the synthesized materials was investigated. Firstly, PAAm cryogels were synthesized with free radical cryo-copolymerization method and they were modified with Hofmann reaction to form amine groups in the structure of the cyrogels. Then, to increase the removal efficiency of cryogels, polyethylenimine (PEI) molecules were crosslinked onto the cryogels via NH₂ groups present in the PAAm gels modified by the Hofmann reaction. The original and modified cryogels were characterized with fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The point of zero charge (pH_pzc) of the modified cryogels was found to be 7.13 and RBB removing capabilities of PEI-modified PAAm cryogels were investigated at pH between 2 and 7. In addition, the adsorption treatments were performed at different process time, incubation temperature, initial dye concentration and adsorbent amount to find maximum removal capacity of the adsorbent. The modified cryogels adsorbed maximum amount of RBB at pH 2 and the sorption process reached equilibrium in 6 h. It was observed that the adsorption efficiency did not change much with the increase in temperature. The maximum RBB removal capacity of the modified cyrogels was determined to be 201 mg/g when the initial RBB concentration was 200 mg/L, treatment time was 6 h at pH 2. Moreover, the adsorption of RBB dye with the modified cryogels takes place with a second order kinetic and RBB dye adsorption data showed compliance with the Langmuir isotherm. The findings of the study expose that the obtained PEI-modified PAAm cryogels are a hopeful material for RBB removal in aqueous environment.

     

染料生物吸附影响因素与解吸条件研究

用筛选出的一株丝状真菌(GX2)对活性、酸性、碱性和直接染料进行吸附及解吸的试验结果表明，该菌株对活性、酸性和直接染料有较高的吸附率，但碱性染料难被吸附；在多种有机溶剂中，丙酮是较好的解吸剂，碱性介质有利于染料的解吸；对菌体进行破碎及在解吸过程中加以搅拌有利于解吸过程的进行。     

Adsorption of phenol and m-chlorophenol on organobentonites and repeated thermal regeneration

Experimental investigations were conducted on the adsorption characteristics of phenol and m-chlorophenol by organobentonites. The organobentonites were prepared by modifying natural bentonite with various quaternary ammonium salts including tetramethylammonium bromide, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, benzyl-triethylammonium bromide, tetraethylammonium bromide and cetylpyridinium bromide. The adsorption characteristics of phenol and chlorophenol by these organobentonites were examined in detail. The empirical Freundlich isotherm was found to describe well the equilibrium adsorption data. Thermal regeneration of spent organobentonites was also investigated and operating conditions of 200 degrees C and 2 h heating were found to yield very good results.