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臭氧氧化法制备晶体乙醛酸的清洁生产工艺 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以顺丁烯二酸酐为原料、水为溶剂,用臭氧氧化法制备晶体乙醛酸的最佳条件为:反应时间8h,反应温度30℃,顺丁烯二酸质量分数30%。减压蒸馏出的甲酸水溶液可循环利用。中试试验结果表明,合成的晶体乙醛酸中乙醛酸的质量分数为97.2%~97.7%,达到了市售工业乙醛酸的要求。晶体乙醛酸的收率为95.5%-96.1%,熔点为51~53℃,用红外光谱技术对其结构进行表征的结果表明,晶体乙醛酸的红外谱图与乙醛酸标准谱图基本吻合。该工艺过程无三废污染,可实现清洁生产。 相似文献
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DSD酸氧化缩合废水浓缩液回用试验研究 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
研究了DSD酸氧化缩合废水浓缩液回用到原生产过程的可行性。对DSD酸氧化缩合废水可采用萃取技术分离出其中97%的有机物,反萃产生的4-8倍的浓缩液返回到DSD酸生产中的氧化缩合单元后,可提高DNS酸的收率约7.43%,且不会明显影响产品的纯度,浓缩液8次循环磁用试验的结果表明,虽然DSD酸氧化缩合废水的COD从15000-20000mg/L提高到20000-29000mg/L,但没有显著持续增长的趋势,表明反应液中副产物的浓度得到了有效的控制。 相似文献
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苯酐生产中氧化尾气的治理和综合利用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
苯酐生产中氧化尾气的治理和综合利用萘法生产苯酐的主反应是,萘与氧气在催化剂(五氧化二矾)的作用及355℃左右的温度条件下反应生成苯酐。其生产过程中产生的三废主要是:(1)氧化工段排出的尾气;(2)热处理锅引风和精馏系统排出的气体;(3)加萘系统排出的... 相似文献
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一种以氨为营养物的红色微生物Chemical Engineering,2007,114(1):12荷兰Delft技术大学和Nijmegen大学的科学家们协作开发了一种可将氨选择性转化为氮气的生物脱氮工艺。这种厌氧氨氧化工艺称为Anammox工艺,是自然界氮循环中的一条捷径。该过程的实现有赖于一群浮霉状菌属的细菌,其中最先被鉴定的是厌氧氨氧化布罗卡德氏菌(Brocadia anammoxi-dans)。这种红色的Anammox细菌可将NH4+和NO2-转化为N2。该菌是自养菌,所以不需要甲醇等碳源。空气被输入反应器中以驱动反应,输入的量受控于NH4+浓度,且在反应器中连续监控。反应器中还装有一… 相似文献
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分别采用Fenton试剂氧化法、固定床离子交换树脂吸附法和流化床磁性树脂吸附法对某焦化厂焦化废水生化工艺出水进行深度处理.试验结果表明:Fenton试剂氧化法处理后出水COD去除率最高达75.4%,色度去除率达89.1%;固定床离子交换树脂吸附法COD去除率为49.4%,色度去除率为96.5%;流化床磁性树脂吸附法COD去除率为58.2%,色度去除率为90.2%.Fenton试剂氧化法COD去除率较高,固定床离子交换树脂吸附法和流化床磁性树脂吸附法色度去除率较高.综合考虑,Fenton试剂氧化法具有更高的工程应用价值. 相似文献
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Thermoplasticization of High Amylose Starch by Chemical Modification Using Reactive Extrusion 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Jacqueline Stagner Vanessa Dias Alves Ramani Narayan Adelaide Beleia 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2011,19(3):589-597
Modified thermoplastic high amylose starch (MTPS) was synthesized by reactive extrusion in the presence of maleic anhydride
(MA) as an esterification agent in a twin-screw extruder. The objective of this work was the preparation of reactive thermoplastic
starch in the presence of glycerol and with different amounts of maleic anhydride (MA) and free-radical initiator, in order
to improve processability and reactivity. The concentration of MA added varied from 2 to 6 wt% (of starch + glycerol), and
the free-radical initiator, 2,5-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-2,5-dimethylhexane, also called Luperox 101, varied from 0.1 to 0.5
wt% (of starch + glycerol). Characterization of maleated thermoplastic starch was performed using dynamic light scattering
and thermal analysis. Further, proof of chemically modified extrudate was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
and by soxhlet extraction with acetone. The modified high amylose corn starch (20 or 30% glycerol) could be pelletized and
gave pellets that were more transparent than thermoplastic starches not modified with maleic anhydride. There was negligible
change in hydrodynamic radius as the percentage of maleic anhydride increased. However, as the percentage of Luperox 101 increased,
the hydrodynamic radius decreased. It could be inferred that the molecular weight decreased as the percentage of free-radical
initiator increased. Using the maximum temperature in the extrusion process of 165 °C instead of 135 °C caused a decrease
in the hydrodynamic radius, due to the high influence of the temperature profile on the molecular weight of the thermoplastic
starch. The MTPS samples presented higher melting temperatures compared to TPS samples. The soxhlet studies indicated that
the plasticizer, glycerol, was chemically linked to the starch. Using the maximum temperature of 165 °C versus 135 °C in the
extrusion temperature profile resulted in more interaction between glycerol and starch. 相似文献
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Aswini Kumar Mohapatra Smita Mohanty S. K. Nayak 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2014,22(3):398-408
Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) blend nanocomposites were prepared using melt blending technique followed by compression moulding. The blend nanocomposites were prepared with a variation of PBAT loading along with maleic anhydride and benzoyl peroxide ranging from 5 to 20 wt% along with two different commercially available nanoclays cloisite 93A and cloisite 30B (C30B) at 3 wt% loading. The maleic anhydride and benzoyl peroxide were used during the melt blending of the blend nanocomposites as a compatibilizer and as an accelerator respectively. Maleic anhydride used to enhance the compatibility of the PLA/PBAT blend and as well as the uniform adhesion of the nanoclays with them. The properties and characterizations of PLA matrix and the PLA/PBAT blend nanocomposites have been studied. The tensile strength, % elongation and impact strength increased with the preparation of PLA/PBAT blend nanocomposites as compared with PLA matrix. PLA/PBAT/C30B blend nanocomposites exhibited optimum tensile strength at 15 wt% of PBAT loading. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis also showed improved thermal properties as compared with virgin PLA. The wide angle X-ray diffraction studies indicated an increase in d-spacing in PLA/PBAT/C30B blend nanocomposite thus revealing intercalated morphology. 相似文献
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微电解-UASB-接触氧化处理酚醛树脂废水 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
采用微电解一上流式厌氧污泥床(Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed,简称UASB)-接触氧化工艺处理酚醛树脂生产废水(简称废水)。实验结果表明:采用微电解法对废水进行预处理,不仅去除了约36%COD,还大幅度提高了废水的可生化性;微电解出水经UASB厌氧生物处理后,COD去除率达80%;水解酸化COD去除率约为30%;最后经二级接触氧化处理,出水COD为100mg/L以下,达到GB8978--1996《污水综合排放标准》中化工类废水的二级排放标准。 相似文献
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LDPE has been mixed with LDPE-g-mA (LDPE grafted with (0.5%) maleic anhydride) in 1:1 ratio containing a polar group in the LDPE backbone. Blown film samples
containing various percentages of Potato Starch 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5 and 15% and LDPE grafted with maleic anhydride/LDPE
(1:1), have been prepared using extrusion film blowing under temperature profile ranging from 120 to 160 °C. Characteristics
of prepared packaging films up to 15% Potato Starch were analysed for their mechanical properties (Tensile strength, Elongation
at break, Bursting strength and Tear strength), water absorption properties and morphology. The compatibility of the system
with the introduction of 50% LDPE grafted with maleic anhydride with various ratios of starch, have been verified with the
help of resulting datasets. The resulting datasets were placed in theoretical models of Willet modifies Kerner’s equation and Nicolais and Narkis models. Procedure adopted above could make thermally stable, highly flexible, crystalline resultant material, which can be adopted
as an alternative of LDPE material especially for packaging applications. 相似文献
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Calcium alginate hydrogel was prepared and used as a biosorbent for the removal of oil from aqueous solutions. Calcium alginate hydrogel was further chemically modified by esterification with maleic anhydride. The changes in the physicochemical properties of maleic anhydride modified calcium alginate were investigated via multiple techniques (FTIR, SEM, BET and DSC/TGA). Adsorption batch experiments were carried out to compare the oil adsorption capacities of native and modified calcium alginates. Adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of solution pH, temperature and ionic strength to determine the optimal conditions for the adsorption of oil. Equilibrium and kinetic studies were conducted for the modified alginate. Results revealed that the maleic anhydride modification of calcium alginate improved its adsorption capacity towards oil. Higher adsorption capacities of modified alginate were attained at lower temperatures (20 °C), higher ionic strengths (1.0 M NaCl) and within the pH range of 5–9. The oil adsorption data obtained for modified alginate could be better described by the first order kinetic model (R2?=?0.981) and the BET equilibrium isotherm (R2?=?0.984). The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity predicted by the BET model for the modified calcium alginate was found to be 143.0 mg/g. 相似文献
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da Silva Fabiano Santana Luna Carlos Bruno Barreto Siqueira Danilo Diniz da Silva Barbosa Ferreira Eduardo Araújo Edcleide Maria 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(3):1028-1044
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - This work aimed to investigate the biopolyethylene (BioPE)/wood powder (WP) composites compatibilized with polyethylene-grafted maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA),... 相似文献
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采用水解酸化—固定化微生物流化床—氧化混凝联合工艺处理湿法腈纶废水.该工艺采用的高效菌微生物固定化技术及新型氧化混凝技术均对湿法腈纶废水有较好的处理效果.实验结果表明:在水解酸化温度为42℃、水解酸化运行周期为20 h的条件下,接种活性污泥和高效菌的SBR的COD去除率为26.0%;在新型氯铁型氧化混凝剂加入量为15 mL/L的条件下,混凝出水COD可降至66 mg/L.水解酸化—固定化微生物流化床—氧化混凝联合工艺的总COD去除率可达89.4%. 相似文献
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There is a paradigm shift from non renewal resources to renewable resources in view of problems of disposal of plastic products
after their life cycle. This paper deals with the approach, preparation and product properties of polymer prepared by using
polysaccharide based biodegradable polymer. Basic material has been prepared by mixing LDPE, LDPE-g-mA (LDPE grafted with
(0.5%) maleic anhydride (1:1)) containing a polar group in the LDPE backbone. Prepared basic material has been compounded
in twin screw extruder with 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5 & 15% of Potato Starch. Thereafter, after conditioning blown film
samples were prepared using extrusion film blowing technique, under temperature profile ranging from 120 to 160 °C. Packaging
films have been prepared with maximum 15% potato starch contents and have been characterized by FTIR, DSC, TGA, and XRD techniques
to ascertain its impact on some structural and thermal properties like thermal stability, flexibility, crystallinity, crystal
size etc. 相似文献