三部委11项禁令规范废塑料加工居民区内不得加工利用废塑料

环保部、发改委以及商务部公开了关于废塑料加工利用污染防治管理规定，规定提出11项禁令；三部委明确，禁止在居民区加工利用废塑料。规定明确，废塑料加工利用包括国内回收以及国外进口，其中，废塑料特指工业边角料、废弃塑料瓶、包装物及其他塑料制品、     

各省动态

江苏：专项整治进口固废 今年4～11月,江苏省开展进口固体废物专项整治。对进口固体废物加工利用残余废物未以环境无害化方式处置的,限期改正,按高限处以罚款;逾期拒不改正的,禁止申请下一年度的固体废物进口许可证。对进口废塑料加工利用企业,重点核查进口未经清洗的使用过的废塑料。各地建立与地方海关、检验检疫部门间的工作交流和执法信息共享机制。     

进口废五金类加工利压定点企业管理研究

随着我国进口废物环境管理与政策的完善,进口废五金电器、废电线电缆、废电机定点加工利用企业管理逐步完善,但仍存在行业技术装备水平和管理规范性低等问题。本文详述了定点企业生产布局、生产设备、污染治理设施及管理制度的现状及存在问题,并提出相应的建议,为进1：2废五金类企业的发展提供指导依据。     

我国废物进口综合管理技术对策研究

随着废物进口数量的增长、废物再生利用行业的成长、废物越境转移形势的变化和环境保护事业的不断发展,废物进口环境管理经历了从无到有并且逐步完善的过程,成为我国固体废物环境管理工作的重要内容。当前我国废物进口管理还存在着部分种类废物进口行业利用水平较低、废物非法越境转移压力长期存在和能力建设步伐与管理需求不相适应等问题。针对存在的问题,采取合理有效的应对措施,进一步完善相关法律、法规,推进“圈区管理”,鼓励统一管理和污染集中防治,探索建立企业环保信誉管理机制,加强源头风险控制,完善国际合作机制,使我国进口废物管理向兼顾环境、经济协调发展的综合管理模式转变。     

关于加强利用废塑料生产汽油、柴油管理有关问题的通知

国家经济贸易委员会、国家工商行政管理总局、国家质量监督检验检疫总局、国家环境保护总局于2001年6月联合下发“关于加强利用废塑料生产汽油、柴油管理有关问题的通知”(国经贸技术[2001]440号文)。通知内容如下：去年以来,一些企业以“经国家石油产品质量监督检验中心检验合格”的名义,在报纸、电视等新闻媒介上进行广告宣传,转让、销售利用废塑料生产汽油、柴油的技术和设备。近期,国家经贸委会同有关部门对部分地区用废塑料生产汽油、柴油情况进行了专题调查,并组织有关专家进行了研究。从调查和研究的情况看,利用废塑料生产汽油…     

五部门联合发布《固体废物进口管理办法》

环境保护部、商务部、国家发展改革委、海关总署、国家质检总局近日联合发布《固体废物进口管理办法》（以下简称《办法》）。《办法》的实施将促进废物进口和利用企业进一步提高环境保护意识和水平,规范我国固体废物进口管理工作,防止境外废物非法进境,维护我国环境安全。     

含卤废旧塑料回收利用的研究进展

对目前含卤废塑料回收利用的研究进展进行了介绍,以期为混合卤化废塑料的回收利用提供一个新的思路。     

含卤废旧塑料回收利用的研究进展

对目前含卤废塑料回收利用的研究进展进行了介绍,以期为混合卤化废塑料的回收利用提供一个新的思路。     

国外废塑料的处理及回收利用现状

本文拟就目前国外废塑料的处理方法及利用的情况作简单的介绍。除传统的处理方法——填埋、投海和焚烧之外,其他回收处理废塑料的方式不外乎有以下几个方面:1.废塑料热分解为新的能源;2.废塑料回收再生制成建筑材料和其他塑料制品;3.废塑料处理制成活性炭;4.处理废塑料生成烯烃和芳烃。     

关于行业协会建设的几个问题

行业管理是在市场经济条件下 ,通过政策导向、法规约束和企业自律 ,对行业体系及其经济行为进行合理组织、协调、规范和服务 ,达到社会资源最佳配置的一种社会化的系统管理。其实现形式为 :以行业内所有独立的法人实体为对象 ,以精干的政府综合经济部门和众多的中介组织为管理主体 ,以产业政策、行政规章、行业自律与协调服务为主要内容 ,以间接调控、规范引导为手段 ,覆盖全社会同行业企业的开放性的管理体制。随着市场经济体制的建立与完善 ,以行业管理取代部门管理已成必然 ,行业协会将日益显示出重要地位和作用。如何加强行业管理 ,如何发挥行业协会的作用 ,本文对此作了探讨 ,供参阅。     

加速环境制度变革 推动经济社会科学发展

党的十八大以科学发展观为指导,提出了推进生态文明、建设美丽中国的战略任务,生态文明是我党创造性地回答经济发展与资源环境关系问题所取得的最新理论成果,为统筹人与自然和谐发展指明了前进方向。改革开放的中国,社会经济高速发     

Cost‐benefit analysis of paper recycling: a case study and some general principles

This paper sets out the legislative background to the recycling of waste materials in the UK. Relevant items in this background include: the provision of recycling credits under the 1990 Environmental Protection Act; the draft EC Packaging Waste Directive; and the German DSD scheme. We next set out the elements of a cost‐benefit analysis of waste paper recycling, including the environmental impacts of recycling. The method is then applied to a recycling scheme in central Scotland. We find that whilst on private, financial grounds the scheme is unattractive, it passes the cost‐benefit test in the base‐line case; this justifies government support for this recycling scheme, given the data used.     

Binational management of hazardous waste: The maquiladora industry at the US-Mexico border

Foreign-owned industry in the form of assembly plants, termed maquiladora, has become very important in Mexico to the extent that it represents the second largest source of foreign exchange and is a valuable source for employment and regional development. The economic prosperity gained from the rapid growth of the maquiladora industry has been accompanied by increased environmental and human health risks associated with generation of hazardous waste. Diversification of industry has resulted in the predomination of those sectors that likely use hazardous substances. The Mexicali-Calexico border region was selected to demonstrate the potential for environmental and health risks associated with the generation of hazardous waste. Estimates for the generation of hazardous waste were obtained from 34 maquiladora plants in Mexicali, represented by the electronic and electrical equipment and parts, mechanical and transportation equipment, and toys and sporting equipment sectors. Repeated detection of volatile organic compounds in the New River at the US-Mexico border suggests that hazardous waste from the printed circuit board industry in Mexicali is not being disposed of in a proper manner. Potential adverse health effects, such as carcinogenic and mutagenic responses associated with the detected volatiles, are discussed. US and Mexico national legislation and the Binational Environmental Agreement were examined for their adequacy to ensure proper management of hazardous waste generated by the maquiladora industry. Environmental policy options are presented that focus on: (1) increased environmental accountability of US parent companies for their maquiladora assembly plants in Mexico; and (2) more integration between US Customs and border states with the US Environmental Protection Agency to improve the binational management of hazardous waste generated by the maquiladora industry.     

Sound management of brominated flame retarded (BFR) plastics from electronic wastes: State of the art and options in Nigeria

Management of flame retarded plastics from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) has been posing a major challenge to waste management experts because of the potential environmental contamination issues especially the formation of polybrominated-dioxins and -furans (PBDD/F) during processing. In Nigeria, large quantities of electronic waste (e-waste) are currently being managed—a significant quantity of which is imported illegally as secondhand electronics. As much as 75% of these illegal imports are never reused but are rather discarded. These waste electronic devices are mostly older equipment that contains brominated flame retardants (BFRs) such as penta-brominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) which are presently banned in Europe under the EU WEEE and RoHS Directives. Risk assessment studies found both to be persistent, bio-accumulative and toxic. The present management practices for waste plastics from WEEE in Nigeria, such as open burning and disposal at open dumps, creates potential for serious environmental pollution. This paper reviews the options in the environmentally sound management of waste plastics from electronic wastes. Options available include mechanical recycling, reprocessing into chemicals (chemical feedstock recycling) and energy recovery. The Creasolv^® and Centrevap^® processes, which are the outcome of the extensive research at achieving sound management of waste plastics from WEEE in Europe, are also reviewed. These are solvent-based methods of removing BFRs and they presently offer the best commercial and environmental option in the sound management of waste BFR-containing plastics. Because these developments have not been commercialized, WEEE and WEEE plastics are still being exported to developing countries. The industrial application of these processes and the development of eco-friendlier alternative flame retardants will help assure sound management of WEEE plastics.     

台湾地区固体废物进出口管理

台湾地区固体废物进出口管理工作起步较早,到现在已经形成了以《废弃物输入输出过境转口管理办法》为核心、台湾地区各级环境保护部门负责具体执行的较为完善的固体废物进出口管理体系。本文对台湾地区固体废物进出口管理目标、政策法规、管理模式,以及固体废物进出口现状等进行了详细介绍,并总结得出了值得大陆地区借鉴学习的经验。     

Public participation in plastics recycling schemes

Without public contributions, recycling from domestic waste would not be possible. In order to support recycling projects it is important to try to understand who recycles, how they recycle, and why they recycle. This paper presents the results of a structured survey of 500 members of the public served by schemes to collect plastics waste for recycling. Data were gathered on the characteristics, behaviours and motivations of recyclers. The authors also sought to discover how the public perceive plastics compared to other materials, and as a recyclable material. Responses were collected in such a way that the awareness of the recyclability of materials could be compared with the recycling behaviour of respondents. An element of comparison was introduced between those served by a system of bottle banks (bring scheme) and those covered by a household collection (collect scheme). The survey results are reported and their implications for the management of post-consumer plastics waste collection schemes are discussed.     

中国废弃手机回收的管理策略研究

作为“城市矿产”的典型代表，废弃手机因其废弃数量大、稀贵金属品位高等特性而备受关注，但在推进废弃手机回收过程中存在诸多问题。本文以推动产业发展为立足点，梳理了影响废弃手机回收的两级制衡要素，通过构建GREY-DEMATEL模型，定量评估各要素对废弃手机回收的影响程度并确定优先等级。其中，完善废弃手机回收的管理制度及相应的经济扶持政策成为短期内应着力解决的核心问题，从长期发展来看，废弃手机的前端收集应成为产业关注的重点。基于此，本文立足于废弃手机回收的短期目标及长远发展，分别提出相应的管理策略，为再生资源产业的良性发展提供对策建议。     

新《环境保护法》对重污染企业盈余管理的影响研究——基于政治成本假说的实证检验

本文利用新《环境保护法》实施这一外生事件,采用双重差分模型,从应计盈余管理和真实盈余管理两个方面实证检验了政治成本对重污染企业盈余管理的影响。研究发现在新《环境保护法》实施后,相比于非污染企业,重污染企业面临更高的政治成本,其进行了显著的向上应计盈余管理和真实盈余管理,向外界传递了企业未来发展良好的信息。上述研究结论经过一系列稳健性检验依然成立。进一步的异质性检验表明:①基于产权性质的分析表明,本文的研究结论在非国有企业的子样本组中更为明显;②基于企业规模的分析表明,小规模重污染企业更倾向于进行向上应计盈余管理,但不同规模重污染企业的真实盈余管理没有显著差异;③基于市场竞争程度的分析表明,高市场竞争环境下的重污染企业更倾向于采取向上应计盈余管理,低市场竞争环境下的重污染企业更倾向于进行向上真实盈余管理;④基于经济发展水平的分析表明,东部地区的重污染企业倾向于向上应计盈余管理和真实盈余管理。本文研究结论与西方的“政治成本假说”并不相符,为中国情境下的“政治成本理论”发展提供了另一种证据,同时为进一步加强新《环境保护法》的环境规制效果提供了决策参考。     

Electronic waste recycling: A review of U.S. infrastructure and technology options

The useful life of consumer electronic devices is relatively short, and decreasing as a result of rapid changes in equipment features and capabilities. This creates a large waste stream of obsolete electronic equipment, electronic waste (e-waste).Even though there are conventional disposal methods for e-waste, these methods have disadvantages from both the economic and environmental viewpoints. As a result, new e-waste management options need to be considered, for example, recycling. But electronic recycling has a short history, so there is not yet a solid infrastructure in place.In this paper, the first half describes trends in the amount of e-waste, existing recycling programs, and collection methods. The second half describes various methods available to recover materials from e-waste. In particular, various recycling technologies for the glass, plastics, and metals found in e-waste are discussed. For glass, glass-to-glass recycling and glass-to-lead recycling technologies are presented. For plastics, chemical (feedstock) recycling, mechanical recycling, and thermal recycling methods are analyzed. Recovery processes for copper, lead, and precious metals such as silver, gold, platinum, and palladium are reviewed. These processes are described and compared on the basis of available technologies, resources, and material input–output systems.