A vibroacoustic model of selected human larynx diseases.

With the present development of digital registration and methods for processing speech it is possible to make effective objective acoustic diagnostics for medical purposes. These methods are useful as all pathologies and diseases of the human vocal tract influence the quality of a patient's speech signal. Diagnostics of the voice organ can be defined as an unambiguous recognition of the current condition of a specific voice source. Such recognition is based on an evaluation of essential acoustic parameters of the speech signal. This requires creating a vibroacoustic model of selected deformations of Polish speech in relation to specific human larynx diseases. An analysis of speech and parameter mapping in 29-dimensional space is reviewed in this study. Speech parameters were extracted in time, frequency and cepstral (quefrency) domains resulting in diagrams that qualified symptoms and conditions of selected human larynx diseases. The paper presents graphically selected human larynx diseases.     

小波分析在语音识别系统中的研究与应用

在语音识别系统的不同处理阶段,大部分可以使用小波分析技术进行实现,并且这种实现方法比传统的方法具有更好的效果.本文重点探讨了在端点检测、噪声去除以及参数提取过程中使用小波分析技术的原理及方法,并提出现阶段所存在的问题及解决方案.     

基于声信号特征分析的燃气管道探测识别方法

为了探测和辨识地下燃气管道,避免燃气管道改扩建的过程发生第三方破坏引发安全事故,提出1种基于声信号特征分析的燃气管道探测识别方法,该方法考虑燃气管道声信号声压级低以及易衰减的特点,采用Hilebert-Huang变换算法分析燃气管道流噪声信号特征,建立燃气管道流噪声信号的特征数据库,并通过BP神经网络进行模式识别,判别...     

Signal Recognition and Hearing Protectors With Normal and Impaired Hearing

Recognition of acoustic signals when perception is subject to interference from noise has already been extensively studied. In this study the influence of hearing protectors (HP) (plugs, muffs) and hearing loss on signal recognition is examined. Different spectrums and levels of the noise are also included. The test results are shown as the masked threshold for the signals heard and identified. In the case of normally hearing subjects a frequency-independent HP (plug) improves hearing performance, while frequency-dependent HP (muffs) tends to worsen it, especially with low-frequency noise. Hearing losses even worsen hearing performance when plugs are worn. Design suggestions are made to optimise signal recognition. Minimum signal-to-noise ratio and the use of HP are discussed.     

Estimating surface acoustic impedance with the inverse method

Sound field parameters are predicted with numerical methods in sound control systems, in acoustic designs of building and in sound field simulations. Those methods define the acoustic properties of surfaces, such as sound absorption coefficients or acoustic impedance, to determine boundary conditions. Several in situ measurement techniques were developed; one of them uses 2 microphones to measure direct and reflected sound over a planar test surface. Another approach is used in the inverse boundary elements method, in which estimating acoustic impedance of a surface is expressed as an inverse boundary problem. The boundary values can be found from multipoint sound pressure measurements in the interior of a room. This method can be applied to arbitrarily-shaped surfaces. This investigation is part of a research programme on using inverse methods in industrial room acoustics.     

Signal recognition and hearing protectors with normal and impaired hearing.

Recognition of acoustic signals when perception is subject to interference from noise has already been extensively studied. In this study the influence of hearing protectors (HP) (plugs, muffs) and hearing loss on signal recognition is examined. Different spectrums and levels of the noise are also included. The test results are shown as the masked threshold for the signals heard and identified. In the case of normally hearing subjects a frequency-independent HP (plug) improves hearing performance, while frequency-dependent HP (muffs) tends to worsen it, especially with low-frequency noise. Hearing losses even worsen hearing performance when plugs are worn. Design suggestions are made to optimise signal recognition. Minimum signal-to-noise ratio and the use of HP are discussed.     

Most Comfortable Listening Level and Speech Attenuation by Hearing Protectors

Hearing protectors attenuate both the background noise and the useful sounds embedded in noise such as the sounds of speech and warning signals. An effective hearing protector is one that attenuates background noise while leaving sufficient energy of speech and warning signals to reach the ear of the worker. At present, however, there are no established criteria for assessing effective change in speech-to-noise ratio caused by hearing protection devices (HPDs). One such criterion could be a change in most comfortable (listening) level (MCL) for speech caused by the presence of HPDs. In this study the HPD-related shift in MCL for speech presented in quiet was measured and compared with two measures of noise attenuation: Noise Reduction Rating (NRR) and high–medium–low (H–M–L). The results indicate that the MCL shift may be a sensitive measure of speech attenuation by HPDs, which together with the appropriate H–M–L may describe technical properties of HPDs.     

Experimental study on leak detection and location for gas pipeline based on acoustic method

The leak of gas pipelines can be detected and located by the acoustic method. The technologies of recognizing and extracting wave characteristics are summarized in details in this paper, which is to distinguish leaking and disturbing signals from time and frequency domain. A high-pressure and long distance leak test loop is designed and established by similarity analysis with field transmission pipelines. The acoustic signals collected by sensors are de-noised by wavelet transform to eliminate the background noises, and time-frequency analysis is used to analyze the characteristics of frequency domain. The conclusion can be drawn that most acoustic signals are concentrated on the ranges of 0-100 Hz. The acoustic signal recognition and extraction methods are verified and compared with others and it proves that the disturbing signals can be efficiently removed by the analysis of time and frequency domain, while the new characteristics of the accumulative value difference, mean value difference and peak value difference of signals in adjacent intervals can detect the leak effectively and decrease the false alarm rate significantly. The formula for leak location is modified with consideration of the influences of temperature and pressure. The positioning accuracy can be significantly improved with relative error between 0.01% and 1.37%.     

ZigBee定位技术在灌河大桥工程建设施工现场安全管理中的应用

以灌河大桥工程建设为研究对象和实践平台,系统分析了在大桥工程建设过程中可能存在的安全风险,提出了结合ZigBee定位技术与语音合成技术,对大桥工程建设过程中可能发生人员伤亡风险进行语音预警,实现大桥工程建设现场安全管理的信息化。并利用LQI改进DV-Hop定位算法,对ZigBee定位算法进行了一定的优化,使之能适用于大桥工程建设现场的复杂环境。同时,设计了大量的系统配置命令,可以随时对系统参数进行修改,使之在工程实践中更易于部署。     

基于ICEEMDAN和MC-CNN的矿山声发射信号识别分类方法

为精准识别地下矿山声发射事件,采用基于改进的完全集合经验模态分解模型(ICEEMDAN)和多通道卷积神经网络(MC-CNN)模型对声发射信号进行处理后得到分量图,根据各通道输入分量峭度值赋予不同权重,并利用卷积神经网络对输入数据进行训练,最终采用五折交叉实验方法验证该分类识别方法的可行性及有效性.结果表明:基于ICEE...     

组合煤岩力学性质与声-电荷信号关系研究

为探究组合煤岩力学性质与声-电荷信号关系,选用新邱矿区煤样和砂岩制备组合煤岩试样,采用物理实验和数值实验相结合的方法,开展不同岩煤高度比的组合煤岩试样受载破坏声发射与电荷感应监测试验,得到了组合煤岩力学性质、声-电荷信号规律及其相互关系。结果表明:组合煤岩试样中的岩石高度提高会提升其整体强度,其破坏脆性特征显著,冲击倾向性增强,弹性阶段的声发射信号提前,声发射能量累积量增加,峰后声发射能量变化率及电荷变化率增大;组合煤岩峰后产生连续声发射信号和电荷信号,强冲击和中等冲击组合煤岩破坏时声发射能量变化率分别为0.336和0.047 J/s,电荷变化率分别为204.88和24.52 pC/s。声发射信号与电荷信号可以在一定程度上反应组合煤岩应力状态并预测失稳破坏,为通过信号监测煤体冲击地压灾害发生提供依据。     

Assessing the Acoustical Climate of Underground Stations

Designing a proper acoustical environment—indispensable to speech recognition—in long enclosures is difficult. Although there is some literature on the acoustical conditions in underground stations, there is still little information about methods that make estimation of correct reverberation conditions possible. This paper discusses the assessment of the reverberation conditions of underground stations. A comparison of the measurements of reverberation time in Warsaw’s underground stations with calculated data proves there are divergences between measured and calculated early decay time values, especially for long source–receiver distances. Rapid speech transmission index values for measured stations are also presented.     

消防监控界面的语音信号研究

以汉语消防用语为实验材料,结合消防界面使用环境的高噪音特点,通过工效学实验,研究不同长度、内容的语音信号在不同噪音水平下的可懂度。结果表明,人对语音信号的获取与识别受到噪音水平以及信号内容、长度的影响。在不同水平的噪音背景下,语音信号的参数呈现不同的变化趋势。噪音对信号的掩蔽作用显著,其中低音最易被掩蔽。在消防监控界面中,语音信号的适宜语声为女中音。词类信号的适宜语速为5字/秒,普通句的适宜语速为7字/秒,含数字句的适宜语速为6字/秒。实验结果为设计者在消防界面中使用语音信号提供了依据,有助于缓解视觉通道压力,提高信息获取的速度和准确性,从而缩短火情侦察的时间与范围,降低火灾伤亡。     

基于小波包熵与AFSA-SVM的压力管道泄漏识别

为了快速、准确地诊断出输气压力管道不同的泄漏状态,提出了一种基于小波包熵与人工鱼群优化支持向量机(AFSA-SVM)相结合的压力管道泄漏模式识别方法。该方法首先对管道泄漏时产生的声发射信号进行小波包分解,并对分解的最后一层节点重构信号进行相关性分析,以获得敏感的节点信号。然后求取这些敏感节点信号的小波包熵值,作为管道不同泄漏信号的特征向量。最后将小波包熵值输入到SVM中,并运用AFSA方法对SVM分类器中惩罚因子C与核函数参数g进行全局优化,以提高其分类准确率。实验结果表明,该方法能准确地识别压力管道不同的泄漏状态,为天然气管道泄漏状态监测提供新方法。     

Integrated leakage detection and localization model for gas pipelines based on the acoustic wave method

With the development of natural gas transportation systems, major accidents can result from internal gas leaks in pipelines that transport high-pressure gases. Leaks in pipelines that carry natural gas result in enormous financial loss to the industry and affect public health. Hence, leak detection and localization is a major concern for researchers studying pipeline systems. To ensure the safety and improve the efficiency of pipeline emergency repair, a high-pressure and long-distance circular pipe leakage simulation platform is designed and established by similarity analysis with a field transmission pipeline, and an integrated leakage detection and localization model for gas pipelines is proposed. Given that the spread velocity of acoustic waves in pipelines is related to the properties of the medium, such as pressure, density, specific heat, and so on, this paper proposes a modified acoustic velocity and location formula. An improved wavelet double-threshold de-noising optimization method is also proposed to address the original acoustic wave signal collected by the test platform. Finally, the least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) method is applied to determine the leakage degree and operation condition. Experimental results show that the integrated model can enhance the accuracy and precision of pipeline leakage detection and localization.     

基于BP神经网络的岩石损伤声发射事件源定位研究*

工程岩体一般包含大量的节理、裂隙等各类缺陷,利用AE技术可以对缺陷进行定位,但仍然有很大误差。为进一步减小AE定位误差,确定缺陷位置,做好安全预警工作,研究提高岩石声发射定位精度的优化方法。利用断铅实验模拟产生声发射信号,将声发射信号特征参数中的幅值、能量、振铃计数以及到达时差作为输入,断铅点真实坐标作为输出,构建BP神经网络模型,并通过实验确定最优隐含层数等参数,最后通过交叉学习训练交叉预测得出断铅点坐标,并与基于到达时差的传统定位法以及考虑材料各向异性条件下的波速优化算法进行对比。结果表明:BP神经网络算法与传统方法相比,板状岩石声发射定位的误差显著减小,定位精度提高;岩石试件定位误差的误差波动更为平稳,有效改善了声发射源位置对定位效果的影响。本方法为岩石缺陷的精确定位提供了1种较好的技术手段。     

金属压力容器水压试验声发射检测

通过对容积为504．94m3的某型号压力容器出厂前水压试验的声发射检测,分析了其在升压和保压过程中的声发射信号特征及其来源。结合AE信号参数、波形及定位图分析,对该容器进行了声发射活性评价,确定需要后续复检的强活性区域。文章为压力容器的声发射检测和安全评价提供了理论指导和参考数据。     

光电探测器微变信号放大电路的设计和分析

针对火灾探测过程中的光电探测器输出的微弱信号设计了一个微变信号提取放大电路。将探测器内阻分解为微变内阻和不变内阻,采用两路取样信号方法进行差模放大。经过计算选择了特定的电路参数,使得电路输出和探测器微变内阻成正比关系,从而实现了微变信号的放大。用斩波方法进行了电路输出性能的实验。对电路参数的选择以及温漂问题进行了详细分析。     

采空区隐蔽火源探测及声学法煤温感知新技术探讨*

为精准判定采空区等地下隐蔽火区高温点的位置和范围,综述现有采空区煤自燃温度探测技术,重点总结和分析红外探测法、分布式光纤测温法、指标气体探测法、热电偶测温技术以及同位素测氡法等煤层测温手段的研究进展与技术瓶颈,着重研究声学法测温的技术原理及实现方式;结合分层建模和插值建模的优点,探讨声学测温技术在采空区松散煤体煤温反演探测应用中的可行性。结果表明:受限于煤层赋存及开采方式等煤矿现场的实际情况,准确反演和精确定位采空区等隐蔽火源高温点和位置的探测方法和装备技术有待进一步发展;声学法探测松散煤体自燃温度的基本原理、传播衰减规律、温度场重构模型及其关键特征参量需进一步准确获取;综合考量声学测温技术原理和实现过程,该技术适用于采空区松散煤体自燃火区的环境特征,有望成为采空区隐蔽火源位置精准探测发展前景良好的探测方法。