利用多边横向钻孔进行矿井瓦斯抽放研究

本文简介了利用多边横向钻孔进行矿井瓦斯预先抽放的原理和方法,并重点介绍了纵向抽放钻孔的“欠平衡”钻进技术和采用定向钻进多边“叶状”水平钻孔增加煤层透气性、提高瓦斯抽放效率的优点。     

三相泡沫流动性能及灭油火实验研究

为研究三相泡沫流动性及灭火性能之间的关系,自主搭建了自流动性及灭火实验台架。利用空心玻璃微珠、2000目云母粉、2000目硅微粉及碳酸钙分别制备三相泡沫,检测其流动及灭火性能。实验结果表明,三相泡沫的流动性与其强施放条件下的灭火性能具有一定的关系。通过对比4种不同类别粉体制备的三相泡沫发现,流动性不足的三相泡沫,其灭火时间较长,但抗复燃能力较强;流动过快的三相泡沫,覆盖油面的能力较强,灭火时间较短,但其存在稳定性较差的缺点,可能会导致油品复燃。     

丛式井组直井段交碰风险评价及设计优化

直井段井眼防碰是丛式定向井施工过程中需要解决的主要难题之一。 为了有效减小丛式定向井直井段的交碰风险,对井眼交碰概率与井眼间距、井眼交碰概率与两井眼平行段长度的关系进行了研究,得出了丛式定向井直井段总体交碰概率的求取方法。基于该方法,对由4口井组成的线形井口丛式井直井段井眼交碰概率进行了计算,通过分析找出了交碰概率最小的直井段排列方式。研究结果表明:随着井眼间距的增大,井眼交碰概率呈快速下降趋势,井眼间距超过某一距离后,井眼交碰概率趋近于平稳;随着两井眼平行段长度的增加,井眼交碰概率呈增长趋势;通过优化排列及设计方式可有效减小丛式定向井直径段的交碰风险。研究为减小丛式开发井整体风险提供了新思路。     

水平定向钻穿越施工的失效可能性研究

水平定向钻穿越施工是管道穿越工程的一种主要施工形式,在施工中由于地质条件、设备使用和穿越工艺选择等原因使其存在风险,因此有必要对其失效可能性进行研究。建立了包含“人、机、料、法、环”五方面的水平定向钻施工失效可能性指标评价体系,对于特征影响因素,如扩径比、管土摩擦系数等,运用回拖过程的力学分析得出其分布规律,用模糊化的方法将底层指标分值转化为先验概率,再代入贝叶斯网络进行概率推理,最终确定其失效可能性。以某管道工程采取水平定向钻穿越河流为例,得出其失效可能性等级为“较高”,最后提出了相应的控制措施。运用贝叶斯网络研究水平定向钻穿越施工的失效可能性具有重要的工程应用价值和现实意义。     

Deposition and Retention of Ultrafine Aerosol Particles in the Human Respiratory System. Normal and Pathological Cases

The particle number concentration in ambient air is dominated by nanometersized particles. Recent epidemiological studies report an association between the presence of nanoparticles in inhaled air at the workplace and acute morbidity and even mortality in the elderly. A theoretical model of deposition of 20 nm particles in the human alveolus was formulated. Gas flow structure and deposition rate were calculated for alveoli with different elastic properties of lung tissue. Data obtained in the paper show increased convective effects and diffusional rate of deposition of nanoparticles for alveoli with higher stiffness of the alveolar wall. The retention of deposited particles is also higher in these pathological alveoli. Results of our calculations indicate a possibility of existence of a positive loop of coupling in deposition and retention of nanoparticles in the lung with pathological changes.     

腾晖煤业采空区顶板超长定向钻孔模拟与应用研究

基于采动裂隙椭抛带理论提出顶板超长定向钻孔治理技术,通过理论推导、数值模拟、现场应用相结合的方法对腾晖煤业2-100放顶煤工作面顶板超长定向钻孔的合理距离及合理层位进行研究。研究结果表明:1~5号顶板超长定向钻孔内错回风巷的合理距离为20~40 m;钻孔的合理终孔层位依次为60,60,60,61和63 m。顶板初次垮落后,顶板超长定向钻孔开始发挥作用,单孔的瓦斯抽采纯量随着工作面推进开始呈周期性变化,当顶板岩层发生周期性垮落时,钻孔瓦斯抽采纯量开始急剧升高;抽采纯量达到的最大值分别为13.88 ,13.92 ,13.96,14.24 和14.32 m3/min;顶板超长定向钻孔抽采期间,上隅角瓦斯浓度与回风流瓦斯浓度呈周期性变化趋势,上隅角瓦斯浓度为0.32%~0.8%,整个过程中上隅角瓦斯浓度均在可控范围内。顶板超长定向钻孔治理技术可有效解决放顶煤工作面采空区的瓦斯治理难题。     

定向水力压裂裂隙扩展动态特征分析及其应用

为减少煤矿井下水力压裂卸压盲区,扩大压裂影响范围,提高卸压增透效果,在分析水力压裂起裂机理和裂隙发展特征的基础上,提出定向水力压裂技术,分析定向水力压裂过程中煤体的裂隙发展分布规律,并利用RFPA2D-Flow软件模拟了压裂的起裂、扩展和延伸过程,对定向压裂与非定向压裂的效果进行了比较。最后将定向水力压裂技术在平煤集团十二矿己15-31010工作面进行了现场应用,得出在27 MPa的水压下,单孔压裂有效影响半径达6 m;单孔瓦斯抽放平均浓度较未压裂时提高80%,平均流量上升了382%,取得了显著的效果,具有良好的推广应用价值。     

框架结构爆破倒塌方向安全性探讨

目前框架结构定向爆破拆除常采用炸高差h来进行方向控制,可靠性较低,安全性较差,本文对这个问题的原因进行分析以引起注意。     

A closer look at the effects of subordinate–supervisor age differences

Relational demography research has emphasized a similarity–attraction paradigm in explaining employees' reactions to demographic differences from other organizational members. This study examined similarity–attraction (nondirectional age differences) and status incongruence (directional age differences) predictions of age difference effects. The nondirectional and directional differences between the age of a subordinate and the ages of his or her immediate and higher‐level supervisors were used to predict employee absenteeism, citizenship, and work change behaviors. Results revealed that there were more significant and marginally significant directional age difference effects than nondirectional age difference effects on work outcomes. The implications of these results for organizations are discussed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Perceived intra-organizational mobility: Reliable versus exceptional performance as means to getting ahead

‘Work hard and get ahead’ is a fundamental tenet of modern organizations, but employees have different interpretations of what it means to ‘work hard’ and perceive that there are multiple channels to ‘get ahead’. The current research explores employees' perceptions of the factors affecting their intra-organizational upward mobility. Results using a survey instrument in a large American medical college show that employees can distinguish among intra-organizational mobility channels based on reliable role performance, on exceptional role performance, and on non-performance factors such as personal characteristics (e.g. race and gender), or luck and favoritism. Perceptions of mobility channels are related to such organizationally relevant outcomes as employee satisfaction and turnover intentions. Occupational sub-groups, however, perceive different structures for upward mobility.     

爆破CO的行为规律

爆破ＣＯ不仅危害职工的安全和健康，还污染大气环境。在恫室内的沙土中进行爆破实验，研究ＣＯ的行为规律和迁移速率，结果表明，爆破ＣＯ的行为方程近似为抛物线方程；且随着爆破后时间的增加，时间迁移速率减小，浓度迁移速率和浓度一时间迁移速率基本不变。     

基于大面积网格法的商场疏散时间预测

为了准确预测商场人员疏散时间,文中结合群集流动规律及离散法建立新的大面积网格算法,将时间离散为微小单元Δt,空间离散为大面积网格,利用人员流动速度—密度公式,计算每一Δt时间内网格中人员流动速度,迭代累计各单元时间得到疏散时间。以某商场人员疏散演练为例进行分析,结果表明,大面积网格算法预测的人员疏散时间与实际疏散演习时间基本吻合,其相对误差为3.4%,预测精确度较高。     

布尔台矿回采工作面瓦斯涌出主控因素及治理措施

为了探究布尔台煤矿回采工作面瓦斯涌出主控因素及其治理措施，以42201回采工作面为例，采用单元法现场实测了工作面瓦斯涌出情况，并分析了其受开采强度、风量、煤层瓦斯含量、工作面来压变化、气候条件等相关参数的影响规律。研究结果表明:布尔台煤矿42201回采工作面的主要瓦斯涌出来源为煤壁和落煤瓦斯涌出；矿山压力显现和来压时，工作面绝对瓦斯涌出量有较为明显的异常变化；开采强度的变化趋势和上隅角瓦斯浓度异常变化的趋势是一致的；对比发现，地面大气压力对工作面瓦斯涌出的影响程度远小于开采强度。针对布尔台煤矿的特点，提出了“顶板定向长钻孔分段水力压裂强制放顶和联巷插管或煤柱大直径钻孔桥接采空区的瓦斯抽采相结合”的瓦斯治理措施。现场应用发现:42201工作面最高来压强度由59.1 MPa降低至48.0 MPa，上隅角瓦斯抽采量为2.70~3.79 m3/min，平均为3.25 m3/min，占总的瓦斯涌出量的比例为62.65%~69.16%。     

一种新型阳离子复合磁絮凝剂的合成及其应用

在二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵和丙烯酰胺单体共聚反应中,引入经过油酸改性的Fe_3O_4颗粒,合成一种新型阳离子复合磁絮凝剂CMF。FTIR,XRD,TG和SEM分析表明,Fe_3O_4以磁核的形式均匀地分散在CMF中,且CMF中含有DMDAAC和AM特征官能团,有机物质量分数为62%。在高岭土模拟废水的混凝沉淀试验中,使用CMF作为絮凝剂相对于聚丙烯酰胺和聚合氯化铝,在较短的沉淀时间内取得了较高的浊度去除率。     

The role of human capital,motivation and supervisor sponsorship in predicting career success

Based on Turner's (1960) contest‐ and sponsored‐mobility systems, a comprehensive model of the determinants of career success was examined. Human capital and motivational variables represented the contest‐mobility system whereas leader–member exchange and supervisor career mentoring represented the sponsored‐mobility system. Results based on data from 245 supervisor–subordinate dyads indicated limited support for the contest‐mobility system and strong support for the sponsored‐mobility system. Interestingly, the two forms of sponsorship were differentially related to career outcomes. Specifically, leader–member exchange was positively related to salary progression, promotability, and career satisfaction. Career mentoring, however, was only related to promotability. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

碾泥车间主厂房爆破拆除安全技术

介绍了在复杂环境下碾泥车间主厂房定向爆破拆除的成功经验.在对主厂房进行较为充分的预处理基础上,选择了合理的炸高和起爆网路,采用了可行的爆破安全技术,爆破达到了预期效果,可供类似工程参考.     

双向聚能拉伸爆破及其在硐室成型爆破中的应用

针对当前定向断裂控制爆破存在的问题,结合某特大型硐室成型爆破工程的地质、工程条件,利用岩石耐压而怕拉的特性,提出了双向聚能拉伸爆破技术.对该技术的特点、破岩机理、力学模型作了详细介绍与分析.进行了现场双向聚能拉伸爆破基础试验研究.在此基础上,该技术被应用于硐室的方形断面(1个自由面)和岩锚梁(2个自由面)的成型爆破.现场试验及应用结果表明,双向聚能拉伸爆破工艺简单、操作方便,能有效地控制裂纹产生、发展方向及断裂面的形成,实现岩体的精确控制爆破,应用前景广阔.     

A study of Chinese truck drivers’ attitudes toward feedback by technology

Prior research indicates that trucks are very likely to be involved in accidents in China due to the poor condition of trucks and unsafe driving behaviors. The objectives of this study were (1) to investigate the safe/unsafe driving behaviors of Chinese truck drivers, and (2) to examine whether Chinese truck drivers recognize a need for feedback and what their attitudes are in terms of receiving feedback from both technology and from individuals to improve driving safety. Eight sessions of focus group discussions were carried out with Chinese truck drivers, middle-level managers in the freight transportation business, and traffic policemen. The results showed that the most important safety issues to Chinese truck drivers are speeding and overloading. Chinese truck drivers would like to receive more feedback. Yet feedback is considered negative in nature. Although some Chinese truck drivers are afraid of not being able to operate the in-vehicle technology, in general, they are more confident with feedback by in-vehicle technology because it is considered objective and scientific. For this reason this kind of feedback is preferred by some over feedback from a human.     

南昌电厂210m烟囱定向爆破拆除安全技术

介绍了210 m高钢筋混凝土烟囱定向控制爆破拆除的成功经验,着重介绍了电子数码雷管起爆网络和爆破安全技术,提出了防飞石、防飞溅、减振、降尘综合防护方法。     

“一带一路”所经陆路地域巨震链特征研究

针对“一带一路”的陆路部分（即古丝绸之路）所经区域的自然灾害及灾害链的问题进行了研究讨论,尤其是针对大地震及相应的灾害链。穿越陆上丝绸之路的40度纬线地带是一个主要的地震活动带。沿着它易呈现震中定向迁移和在不长的时间内大地震发生的遥相关。陆上丝绸之路的灾害链主要是旱－震链,高山峰指标与大震发生的位置有较高的相关性。这些问题的研究对丝绸之路所经地带的安全都是有意义,也对丝绸之路上国家的安全合作有学术指向的意义。