改性TiO_2光催化降解三苯甲烷类污染物

以硫酸钛为原料采用水热法制备了掺Fe3＋TiO2晶体粉末,采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）对样品的结构进行了表征。在可见光条件下,用溴酚蓝、甲基绿、甲基蓝、孔雀石绿、甲基紫和碱性品红等6种典型三苯甲烷类化合物为目标降解物,研究了以自制的掺Fe3＋TiO2晶体粉末对它们的催化降解作用。实验结果表明,制备的掺Fe3＋TiO2晶体属于锐钛矿型。6种化合物的光催化降解反应遵循拟一级动力学规律,且可用Langmuir-Hinshelwood（L-H）动力学模型描述,其表观反应速度常数（k）的大小顺序为：溴酚蓝〈甲基绿〈甲基蓝〈孔雀石绿〈甲基紫〈碱性品红,大小变化次序与其半衰期t1/2成反比,并从分子结构上对它们的降解规律进行定性解释。     

改性TiO2光催化降解三苯甲烷类污染物

以硫酸钛为原料采用水热法制备了掺Fe3+TiO2晶体粉末,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)对样品的结构进行了表征。在可见光条件下,用溴酚蓝、甲基绿、甲基蓝、孔雀石绿、甲基紫和碱性品红等6种典型三苯甲烷类化合物为目标降解物,研究了以自制的掺Fe3+TiO2晶体粉末对它们的催化降解作用。实验结果表明,制备的掺Fe3+TiO2晶体属于锐钛矿型。6种化合物的光催化降解反应遵循拟一级动力学规律,且可用Langmuir-Hinshelwood(L-H)动力学模型描述,其表观反应速度常数(k)的大小顺序为:溴酚蓝<甲基绿<甲基蓝<孔雀石绿<甲基紫<碱性品红,大小变化次序与其半衰期t1/2成反比,并从分子结构上对它们的降解规律进行定性解释。     

vis/H2O2/草酸铁处理活性艳红染料的实验研究

采用vis/H2O2/草酸铁法,对活性艳红染料废水进行处理.研究了H2O2、K2C2O4和Fe2(SO4)3·7H2O的投加量、pH值和光照时间等因素对染料废水处理效果的影响和最佳处理条件.结果表明,pH值2.5;30%H2O2的投加量0.1 mL;0.1 mol/L Fe2(SO4)3·7H2O的投加量1.0 mL;0.1 mol/L K2C2O4的投加量1.5 mL;光照时间40 min的最佳条件下,70 mg/L的活性艳红模拟染料废水脱色率可达99.82%.通过对vis/H2O2/草酸铁法和Fenton法、H2O2法、草酸铁法等方法进行对比实验,vis/H2O2/草酸铁法明显优于其他方法,是一项有研究价值和开发应用前景的污染治理新技术.     

vis／H2O2／草酸铁处理活性艳红染料的实验研究

采用vis／H₂O₂／草酸铁法，对活性艳红染料废水进行处理。研究了H₂O₂、K₂C₂O₄和Fe₂(SO₄)₃·7H₂O的投加量、pH值和光照时间等因素对染料废水处理效果的影响和最佳处理条件。结果表明，pH值2.5；30%H₂O₂的投加量0.1 mL；0.1 mol/L Fe₂(SO₄)₃·7H₂O的投加量1.0 mL；0.1 mol/L K₂C₂O₄的投加量1.5 mL；光照时间40 min的最佳条件下，70 mg/L的活性艳红模拟染料废水脱色率可达99.82%。通过对vis／H₂O₂／草酸铁法和Fenton法、H₂O₂法、草酸铁法等方法进行对比实验，vis／H₂O₂／草酸铁法明显优于其他方法，是一项有研究价值和开发应用前景的污染治理新技术。     

Adjusted blank correction method for UV–vis spectroscopic analysis of PTIO-coated filters used in nitrogen oxide passive samplers

Passive sampling devices are popular in applications which do not require the monitoring of hourly concentrations. Nitrogen oxides are often collected using filters coated with 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO). The filter extract can then be analyzed using flow injection analysis ion chromatography fitted with a copper/cadmium reduction column or UV–vis spectroscopy. When the latter is used to measure low concentrations of nitrogen oxides, absorbance by PTIO at the analytical wavelength of 545 nm contributes significantly. PTIO concentration on the filter also shows variation with filter storage and exposure time not accounted for in a single point blank subtraction at the analytical wavelength. A method is presented that uses a scaling factor to account for variations in concentration of PTIO on the field blank and provides a more accurate method for determining and correcting for the PTIO contribution to absorption when measuring ambient nitrogen oxide concentrations.     

乌梁素海沉积物孔隙水中溶解有机质的荧光及紫外光谱研究

运用紫外可见光吸收光谱与荧光光谱研究乌梁素海沉积物孔隙水中溶解有机质的来源、结构及腐殖化程度。r_(A，C)、HIX、SUVA₂₈₀和SUVA₂₅₄等被用于表征DOM的腐殖化程度和芳香构化程度及结构，f_450/500用于指示DOM的来源。研究结果表明：腐殖化程度最高的点为湖泊东部的W4样点，腐殖化程度最低的为总排干影响区域的W1样点。E_253/203表明湖泊入口处沉积物孔隙水中有机质主要为不可取代的芳香环结构。荧光指数f_450/500为1.57～1.82之间。总体而言，f_450/500的值更接近于1.6，处于2个端源中间，说明乌梁素海DOM中的腐殖质主要来源于陆源输入。相关分析的结果表明， DOM的不同来源对其腐殖化程度产生影响。随着腐殖化值的增大，DOM的来源由生物源向陆源过渡。     

Etude comparee de la resistance de trois souches virales en eau de mer et en eau de riviere

The authors made a comparative study of the resistance of three strains of virus, Sabin poliovirus I, Mahoney poliovirus I and réovirus I, in sea-water and in river water, “in vitro” and “in situ” in dialysis bags. The results show the preponderant role of the incubation temperature and the exchanges existing between bags on the resistance of the viral strains. The role of these different factors is discussed.     

L'utilisation de souches de micro-organismes de collection pour l'etude de la biodegradabilite des pesticides

Use of Microbial strains from collection in the study of pesticide biodegradability. 5 different herbicides and 1 metabolite of herbicide were subjected to biodegradation by different microbial strains and simultaneously by soil suspensions.To take account of possible co-metabolisme a supplementary source of carbon was added in the culture media. Results were discussed.     

Etude des variations des populations de coliphages et de bacteries fecales en eau de mer

The viral contamination of sea-water at different depths and in the sediments in the area near the discharge of treated domestic sewage, was investigated. The isolation frequency of viral particles was low: on 19 samples of sea-water, 4 are positive and on 6 samples of sediment, 1 is positive. Viral concentrations were not substantial: they varied from 2,9 to 5,9 Most Probable Number Cytopathic Unit (M.P.N.C.U.) in 500 ml of sea-water or in 500 g of sediment. No homogeneous distribution of viral particles in sea-water was observed.     

Conditions d'acceptation ou de rejet des valeurs obtenues apres denombrement de virus ou bacteries sur milieux de culture solides

Enumeration of viruses or bacteria on solid culture media does not ever give statistically acceptable results. When counting is impossible, we must do it again. For accepting or not the counting, the authors established some probability Tables (95% and 99%) according to microbial densities.     

Utilisation de techniques spectroscopiques pour l'etude de particules atmospheriques produites par des sources ponctuelles

Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) is used to study atmospheric particle production by an industrial source responsible for the acid precipitation phenomenon. A sampling network has been put in place at Rouyn-Noranda to collect local aerosols with cascade impactors. Aerosols have also been collected in the plume of the most important source of SO₂ in Quebec. Instruments have been developed and constructed to collect these samples. A multi-analytical technique approach permits physico-chemical analysis of individual aerosol: SIMS using a 1 μm ion probe and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with an X-ray analyzer (EDAX) perform micro-analysis, whereas bulk analysis is provided by a SIMS using a 200 μm Argon ion probe. Devices used for localization of microparticles permit manipulation of samples without damaging them and allow analysis of individual aerosol particles with a SIMS after analysis with SEM-EDAX. Laser Microprobe Mass Analysis (LAMMA) is also possible. Negative and positive mass spectra, obtained with a SIMS-Ar⁺, have been analyzed with a multivariate statistical technique. Relations between these mass spectra and specific conditions existing during sampling have been determined.     

Photochimie et environnement X- evaluation de la toxicite des produits de phototransformation de l'hydroquinone et des chlorophenols en milieu aqueux

A test of acute toxicity on DAPHNIA MAGNA is suggested to evaluate the efficiency of the phototransformation as a route of abiotic degradation. This test is recommended for compounds phototransformed into a complex mixture of products. Hydroquinone, 2-chloro-, 4-chloro-, 2,4-dichloro-, 2,4,6-trichloro- and pentachlorophenol were studied as examples. In any case the phototransformation is an useful depollution technique on condition the irradiation to be completed as far as the ultimate step of phototransformation.     

Microméthode de dosage simultané de l'alcool isopropylique et de son métabolite l'acétone

Simultaneous determination of Isopropyl Alcohol and Acetone prove to be necessary in cases of poisoning by this widely used alcohol. An aluminum capsule containing a sample of blood to be analyzed is introduced into a gas chromatograph equipped with a flameionization detector and a Carbowax 20 M - Chromosorb WHP column. Use of a small blood sample (0.50 μl) and high sensitivity of the method make it a selected procedure in the clinical diagosis of poisoning by Isopropyl Alcohol.     

Etude de l'accumulation du cadmium par une bacterie marine en fonction des conditions de cultures

The influence of different cultural conditions (temperature, salinity, pH, organic matter and cadmium concentration, presence of sulfhydryl groups) on the accumulation of cadmium by a Cd resistent marine bacterium was investigated. The results showed that each of these parameters modify to a certain extent both biomass production and cadmium accumulation. This work emphasizes the need for a higher standardization of toxicity tests to ensure a better reliability of results.     

Influence de la pollution sur divers parametres electriques de l'atmosphere et notamment sur le champ electrique terrestre

We have shown, on the site of LACQ, the modification of atmospheric electric parameters in connection with the fall-outs of polluants for various meteorological conditions. For some of these conditions, it seems possible to predict pollution by plume localization and SO₂ detection on the ground.     

Etude des interactions avec le milieu de composes herbicides analogues du propyzamide en fonction de leur structure: Relation produit-plante

A structure activity relation ship is obtained between phytotoxicity and a combination of steric and hydrophobic parameters. The signification of differents parameters and biological reponse is investigated.