FND- CASS工艺处理城市污水的试验研究

为进一步提高循环式活性污泥工艺(CASS)的脱氮除磷效果,改变其运行方式,采用好氧脉冲曝气,提出频繁硝化-反硝化循环式活性污泥工艺(FND-CASS).结果表明,FND-CASS工艺与CASS工艺相比,在去除污水中有机物方面能力略有下降,但在脱氮除磷方面具有明显的优势.在同样的进水流量且DO浓度控制较低的运行条件下,F...     

分段进水SBR工艺脱氮除磷实验研究

某污水厂采用SBR工艺处理城市生活污水,SBR工艺难以稳定地实现生物脱氮除磷的问题,其系统硝化作用和反硝化作用对进水碳源的利用顺序导致出水TN和TP不能达到GB18918—2002的一级A排放标准。采用分段进水的方法以提高脱氮除磷的效果,研究不同进水流量分配比(λ)对脱氮除磷的影响。结果表明,当进水流量比λ为5∶3时出水TN的效果最好,且各项指标都能达到排放标准。     

温度和COD对SBR反硝化同时除磷系统除磷能力的影响

以除磷脱氮SBR(Sequencing batch reactor)系统作为研究对象,考查了温度和COD对其反硝化,以及除磷能力的影响.结果表明,反硝化除磷适宜温度范围为18～37℃.在此温度范围内反硝化除磷速率随温度升高而提高,而且温度变化基本上不影响反硝化除磷系统PO34-去除量和NO3-转化量之间的定量关系.同时实验还发现,反硝化同时除磷系统比传统的厌氧/好氧除磷系统节省33%的碳耗.当进水PO34--P质量浓度8.0～9.2 mg/L而COD质量浓度低至220～240 mg/L时就可以保证出水PO43--P质量浓度小于0.5 mg/L.而传统的厌氧/好氧SBR除磷脱氮系统则需将进水COD质量浓度提高至350 mg/L时才能实现这一目标.     

复合沸石脱氮除磷性能研究

为降低污水中氮、磷的含量,采用吸附法去除水中的氮磷.对天然沸石进行改性、复合处理,结果表明,改性复合后沸石具备同步脱氮除磷的功能.复合沸石吸附氨氮的等温线较好地符合Freundlich等温线模型,而吸附磷的等温线较好地符合Langmuir等温线模型.叶洛维奇吸附动力学方程能更好地阐明复合沸石在脱氮除磷过程中的吸附机理....     

黄水为碳源的颗粒污泥除磷机理研究

颗粒污泥作为近年来备受关注的一种生物处理技术,具有结构密实、沉降性好、生物相丰富且活性高等优点。为了了解好氧颗粒污泥除磷机理,以黄水为碳源的同步脱氮除磷颗粒污泥为研究对象,研究颗粒污泥的物理特性、除磷特性,重点研究颗粒污泥中磷的形态及含量,同时研究不同方法对颗粒污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)的提取效果及其对磷去除的影响,揭示该颗粒污泥的除磷机理,为城市污水利用同步脱氮除磷颗粒污泥实现高效低耗除磷提供理论与技术支持。     

A2/O除磷新工艺的研究及其微生物学原理

在除磷与脱氮的联合工艺中,由于两过程所涉及的微生物在性质及最佳代谢条件上有较大差别,在同一处理流程中很难达到协调而稳定地运行问题,在传统生物除磷工艺原理基础上,就新近发现的A2/O反硝化除磷技术新工艺及其微生物学原理特点,重点介绍A2/O反硝化除磷过程中的缺氧阶段中以NO-3作为最终电子受体时,厌氧条件下释磷规律,缺氧条件下磷的去除效果以及缺氧阶段氮的变化情况.     

SBBR工艺脱氮除磷理论及影响因素

主要对SBBR工艺的脱氮除磷反应机理进行了概述,并在此基础上深入分析了SBBR工艺要取得最佳处理效果必须考虑的几个重要影响因素,这对同时脱氮除磷有决定性的作用.     

循环序批式生物反应器脱氮除磷试验研究

介绍了循环序批式活性污泥反应器(KDCAS)的原理及工艺流程,研究分析了在不同水力负荷下脱氮除磷的效果.实验结果表明,由于KDCAS反应器自身的结构特点,只要工艺矩阵设置得当并保持合适的污泥龄范围,完全可以达到预期的脱氮除磷效果.但具体适宜的工艺矩阵需在以后的生产性实验中继续优化.经与UNITANK工艺相比,KDCAS工艺在除磷效果上表现出明显的优越性.     

碳源和硝酸盐对SBBR反硝化除磷影响的试验研究

研究碳源和硝酸盐对填加聚氨酯载体的SBBR反硝化除磷的影响。在SBR中填加聚氨酯载体,将生物膜法和活性污泥法相结合,形成序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR),在厌氧/缺氧交替运行条件下利用NO3-作为电子受体,研究NaAc浓度、NaAc与丙酸钠的比例、NO3-浓度及NO3-投加方式等因素对除磷效果的影响。PO43-质量浓度在9~11 mg/L之间,COD质量浓度为200 mg/L时,SBBR有较佳的除磷效果;当进水NaAc与丙酸钠配比为2时,进水COD自身降解速率较慢,且不影响除磷效果;分批次(这里分2次)投加硝酸盐有利于硝酸盐向亚硝酸盐的转化;NO3-质量浓度为65 mg/L左右时,能获得较好的除磷、除氮效果。填加聚氨酯载体的SBR装置除磷效果较理想;碳源和硝酸盐对SBBR反硝化除磷影响显著。     

污水处理厂职业病防治措施

正厌氧—缺氧—好氧工艺(Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic,简称A2/O)是常见的污水处理工艺,在不同的环境条件和微生物菌群有机配合下,能够同时脱氮、除磷,并去除有机物,且在同作用的工艺中流程最为简单,总水力停留时间也少于其他同类工艺,是当下污水处理厂的主流工艺。A2/O工艺污水处理厂的总体工艺流程基本包括4个阶段:一是预处理段。原水进入污水     

某食品有限公司废水处理站工艺设计

根据对某食品有限公司废水的实验研究和我们的工程实践经验,对该生产工艺各工序的废水分别进行预处理,全厂综合废水进行序批式活性污泥法(SBR法)的处理工艺,预期出水达到二级排放标准,同时实现了废料回收。具有较好的环境效益和经济效益。     

Biodiesel Reaction Screening Using Oscillatory Flow Meso Reactors

This paper is concerned with performing laboratory scale alkali-catalyst transesterification for biodiesel reaction and ranking conversion and performance between a stirred tank reactor, and oscillatory flow meso reactors in both batch and continuous mode. The results show that a comparative conversion can be achieved for the same reaction conditions, thereby demonstrating that batch and continuous meso reactor configurations can be used for a high throughput screening biodiesel reactions.     

A hybrid approach to faults detection and diagnosis in batch and semi-batch reactors by using EKF and neural network classifier

This work deals with a new hybrid approach for the detection and diagnosis of faults in different parts of fed-batch and batch reactors. In this paper, the fault detection method is based on the using of Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and statistical test. The EKF is used to estimate on-line in added to the state of reactor the overall heat transfer coefficient (U). The diagnosis method is based on a probabilistic neural network classifier. The Inputs of the probabilistic classifier are the input–output measurements of reactor and the parameter U estimated by EKF, while the outputs of the classifier are fault types in reactor. This new approach is illustrated for simulated as well as experimental data sets using two cases of reactions: the first is the oxidation of sodium thiosulfate by hydrogen peroxide and the second is alkaline hydrolyse of ethyl benzoate in homogeneous hydro-alcoholic. Finally, the combination of the estimated parameter U using EKF and probabilistic neural network classifier provided the best results. These results show the performance of the proposed approach to monitoring the semi-batch and batch reactors.     

Safer management of process changes in chemical reactors

Nowadays many chemical industries are SMEs where multi-purpose batch or semi-batch reactors are commonly used. Vent sizing for realistic runaway scenario is not an easy task for such enterprises since they have usually few resources and use multi-purpose reactors with fast process turnovers. As a consequence these batch and semi-batch reactors are usually equipped with emergency relief systems sized once forever when the reactor is designed. This can lead to a large underestimation of the vent area in case of runaway reactions occurring when processes different from the ones considered for originally sizing the vent are carried out.The approach proposed in this work aims to identify the maximum reactor load leading to safe conditions even in case of runaway phenomena to be handled with the emergency relief system already installed (or even with a smaller vent area). This approach allows avoiding the change of the emergency relief system with a larger vent area (as required every time a new more hazardous process has to be carried out on existing reactors) at the price of lower plant productivity.     

SBR处理铁路洗涤废水试验研究

铁路洗涤废水中含有的主要污染物直链烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)是我国环境标准中第2类污染物质.目前,铁路洗涤废水的处理以物理和化学法为主,存在效果不稳定、成本较高和工艺复杂等问题,急需寻求一种适合铁路洗涤废水特点的处理工艺.用SBR小试装置进行铁路洗涤废水处理实验研究,并且投加LAS降解菌于SBR中,进行了工艺参数的确定,处理效果考察和投菌前后对比等方面的初步研究.     

Dynamic model based safety analysis of a three-phase catalytic slurry intensified continuous reactor

Safety analysis like the HAZOP (HAZard OPerability) study can be much more efficient if a dynamic model of the system under consideration is available to evaluate the consequences of hazard deviations and the efficiency of the proposed safety barriers. In this paper, a dynamic model of a three-phase catalytic slurry intensified continuous chemical reactor is used within the context of its HAZOP (HAZard OPerability) study. This reactor, the RAPTOR®, is an intensified continuous mini-reactor designed by the French company AETGROUP SAS that can replace batch or fed-batch processes in the case of highly exothermic reactions involving hazardous substances. The highly hazardous hydrogenation of o-cresol under high pressure and temperature is taken as an example of application. Deviations as a temperature increase of the cooling medium or no cooling medium flow can produce an overheating of the reactor. Thus, three possible safety barriers are evaluated by simulation: shut off the gaseous reactant feed, shut off the liquid reactant feed or stop the agitation. The more efficient actions are the stopping of the agitation and/or of the gas reactant feed. The simulation results can efficiently help the reactor design and optimisation. Safety analysis can also be one of the criteria to compare batch and intensified continuous processes.     

A general criterion to define runaway limits in chemical reactors

A general runaway criterion valid for single as well as for multiple reaction types, i.e. consecutive, parallel, equilibrium, and mixed kinetics reactions, and for several types of reactors, i.e. batch reactor (BR), semibatch reactor (SBR) and continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) has been developed. Furthermore, different types of operating conditions, i.e. isoperibolic and isothermal (control system), have been analysed. The criterion says that we are in a runaway situation when the divergence of the system becomes positive (div>0) on a segment of the reaction path. The results show that this is a general runaway criterion than can be used to calculate the runaway limits for chemical reactors. The runaway limits have been compared with previous criteria. A considerable advantage, over existing criteria, is that it can be calculated on-line using only temperature measurements and, hence, it constitutes the core of an early warning runaway detection system we are developing.     

序批式厌氧反应器厌氧氨氧化渗滤液脱氮试验研究

通过接种具有厌氧氨氧化性能的污泥,采用序批式厌氧反应器(ASBR)处理垃圾渗滤液,研究水力停留时间(HRT)、pH、温度等对厌氧氨氧化反应过程的影响并确定各因素的最佳控制范围。结果表明,在本试验条件下,HRT、pH和温度的适宜范围分别为24 h、7.5~8.5和35℃。在此条件下,进水NH~+_4-N浓度为150 mg/L,NO~-_2-N浓度为160 mg/L,COD浓度为300 mg/L时,出水NH~+_4-N、NO~-_2-N、TN、COD平均浓度分别为15.5 mg/L、0.01mg/L、43.2 mg/L和152.1 mg/L,相对应的平均去除率分别为89.7%、99.9%、86.1%和47.6%。     

Emergy analysis of cassava vinasse treatment

Vinasse has great pollution to the environment. A number of technologies have been explored for reducing the pollution of vinasse. Sustainability has become an important factor when discussing wastewater treatment techniques. Emergy analysis was used to evaluate the treatment of cassava vinasse in this paper. Cr (emergy consumption ratio) as a new emergy index was proposed to measure the impact of waste treatment to the society. Centrifugal solid–liquid separation, UASB (up-flow anaerobic sludge bed), and SBR (sequencing batch reactor activated sludge process) are used in the treatment process. The emergy indices for cassava vinasse treatment system were as follows: EYR (emergy yield ratio) was 6.20, ELR (environmental loading ratio) was 5.81, ESI (emergy sustainability index) was 1.07, and Cr was 4.60E+12 sej/m³. The emergy of coal electricity accounts for 46% of all purchased inputs. It is necessary to improve the treatment technology to reduce the electricity used.