消防员水域救援头盔冲击吸收性能测试方法探讨

本文通过比较两种水域救援头盔冲击吸收性能测试方法,从测试目的、测试结果以及适用性等方面进行分析,从水域救援中消防员头部损伤的机理出发,提出较为科学的防护性能测试方法,确保安全。     

建筑火灾升温条件下电缆耐火性能测试方法

为测试电缆在火灾充分发展阶段的耐火性能,首先从受火条件、判定方法、耐火时间和样品安装等方面,提出建筑火灾升温条件下电缆耐火性能测试方法(简称新测试方法,包括新方法A和新方法B);然后搭建建筑火灾升温条件下电缆耐火性能测试平台,采用传统电缆耐火性能测试方法和2种新测试方法分别测试21根电缆的耐火性能,并加以对比。结果表明：与传统电缆耐火性能测试方法相比,新测试方法能有效区分电缆耐火时间长短,而且可同时测试1～12根电缆的耐火性能,提高了测试效率。9根电缆2次耐火试验的耐火时间基本接近,新测试方法测试电缆耐火性能的重现性好。     

对摩尔(MOLE)可编程探测系统的双盲现场评估

双盲测试是一种经典的测试方法,适用于测试结果依赖人的影响或解释的情况.本文记录Sandia国家实验室对MOLE可编程探测系统进行双盲测试的整个过程,包括测试准备、测试设计、测试参数设定、进行测试、测试结果分析和讨论.     

对摩尔（MOLE）可编程探测系统的双盲现场评估

双盲测试是一种经典的测试方法，适用于测试结果依赖人的影响或解释的情况。本文记录Sandia国家实验室对MOLE可编程探测系统进行双盲测试的整个过程，包括测试准备、测试设计、测试参数设定、进行测试、测试结果分析和讨论。     

气液共存工况下蒸气最小点火能微量测试方法研究

针对传统最小点火能测试方法不适用于液体化学品气液共存工况的问题,提出了一种微量液体的蒸气最小点火能测试方法。首先设计了小容积实验装置及对应测试流程,通过样品实验确定了敏感电极间隙,并研究了样品量与搅拌对最小点火能测试的影响;测试了样品在不同温度条件下的最小点火能,结合电火花点火机理分析了样品温度与蒸气最小点火能的内在联系,为最小点火能最低值测定提供了指导;最后验证了微量方法的准确性及重复性。实验结果表明：微量测试方法能够有效测试气液共存工况下液体蒸气的最小点火能,且最小点火能测试值略高于高温蒸气工况,样品最小点火能的相对标准差小于6.0%,重复性良好,为液体化学品的静电燃爆危险性评估提供了技术支撑。     

鞋类保暖性能研究

本文采用鞋类保暖性能的测试方法,测定不同帮面材料、不同鞋底材料对鞋类保暖性能的影响,对于不同的测试对象探索相同环境下的测试结果,从而为企业生产提供一定的科学指导。     

火灾过程中火源热释放速率模型及其实验测试方法

详细分析了目前常用的火源热释放速率模型，并对其特点和参数范围进行对比讨论；同时还介绍了基于氧消耗原理的热释放速率测试方法和基于质量损失速率的热释放速率测试方法，并给出了部分实验测试结果。     

一种镜片抗冲击仪的研究

根据GB14866—2006对防护镜片的测试方法要求．我们设计了镜片专用抗冲击测试仪。下面我们将介绍其基本构造、原理、测试结果。     

电动葫芦能效测试结果不确定度评价

在论述测量不确定度分析原理基础上,根据电动葫芦能效测试方法建立其不确定度评价模型。通过对电动葫芦能效测试所使用的仪器精度评估,以CD1 10-9型电动葫芦为例进行了电动葫芦能效测试,并对测试结果的不确定度进行了评价。     

含卤代烃类物质闭口杯闪点测试探究

总结了常见的闪点测试方法,介绍了卤代烃燃烧自由基理论及闪点预测模型,通过实验研究了卤代烃在闭口杯闪点测试中对常见可燃液体闪点的影响。     

城市大气稳定度分级模型的研究

应用大气扩散模型计算大气污染物浓度时 ,大气稳定度的确定非常重要。综合考虑气温和总云量与日照强度之间的关系 ,建立了大气稳定度分级的模糊数学法 ;证明了应用该方法求大气稳定度的精度明显高于应用其它方法的精度 ;编写了简单适用的计算机程序 ,大大方便了该模型的应用。     

Methods for more accurate determination of explosion severity parameters

Accurate determination of explosion severity parameters (p_max, (dp/dt)_max, and K_St) is essential for dust explosion assessment, identification of mitigation strategy, and design of mitigation measure of proper capacity. The explosion severity parameters are determined according to standard methodology however variety of dust handled and operation circumstances may create practical challenge on the optimal test method and subsequent data interpretation. Two methods are presented: a statistical method, which considers all test results in determination of explosion severity parameters and a method that corrects the results for differences of turbulence intensity. The statistical method also calculates experimental error (uncertainty) that characterises the experimental spread, allows comparison to other dust samples and may define quality determination threshold. The correction method allows to reduce discrepancies between results from 1 m³ vessel and 20-l sphere caused by difference in the turbulence intensity level. Additionally new experimental test method for difficult to inject samples together with its analysis is described. Such method is a versatile tool for explosion interpretation in test cases where different dispersion nozzle is used (various turbulence level in the test chamber) because of either specific test requirements or being “difficult dust sample”.     

危险化学品泄漏事故泄漏源强反算方法比较研究

比较现有的主要大气源强反算方法,包括Safer实时响应系统中使用的反算方法、基于遗传算法的反算方法、基于最佳摄动量法的反算方法和利用逆向轨迹反演模式的反算方法;对4种反算方法的应用做比较研究,分析各种方法的特点、不足以及适用性,根据各自在实际事件中的应用效果判定算法在应急响应过程的可行性。笔者将牛顿-拉弗森法作为寻根法应用到Safer系统的反算法中,并结合企业生产实际对其应用效果进行验证;结果表明,基于寻根法的Safer反算法反算速度快,结果准确度高,更适用于应急响应过程。同时在各种方法比较的基础上对应急响应应用提出了建议。     

基于相对心率的体力劳动强度评价方法

体力劳动强度等级的合理划分是劳动者获得合理报酬和身心健康的重要保证。在研究现有体力劳动强度评价方法的基础上,通过实验进行数据的采集并对其进行标准化处理,然后运用回归分析方法建立起以相对心率为解释变量、RPE值为因变量的体力劳动强度评价模型,进行了年龄和环境因素的修正,最后在某企业进行了应用。该模型相对传统体力劳动强度评价方法的改进主要体现在三个方面:第一,指标值测量简单,提高了可操作性;第二,评价等级划分更精确;第三,考虑了年龄和环境因素。该方法在广大工矿企业具有较好的应用价值。     

Comparison of gravimetric and gas chromatographic methods for assessing performance of textile materials against liquid pesticide penetration.

Penetration of liquid pesticides through textile materials is a criterion for determining the performance of protective clothing used by pesticide handlers. The pipette method is frequently used to apply liquid pesticides onto textile materials to measure penetration. Typically, analytical techniques such as Gas Chromatography (GC) are used to measure percentage penetration. These techniques are labor intensive and costly. A simpler gravimetric method was developed, and tests were conducted to compare the gravimetric and GC methods of analysis. Three types of pesticide formulations and 4 fabrics were used for the study. Diluted pesticide formulations were pipetted onto the test specimens and percentage penetration was measured using the 2 methods. For homogeneous formulation, the results of the two methods were fairly comparable. However, due to the filtering action of the textile materials, there were differences in the percentage penetration between the 2 methods for formulations that were not homogeneous.     

Estimation of chemical concentration due to fugitive emissions during chemical process design

Fugitive emissions are not an environmental concern alone, but are also a health concern. From occupational health standpoint, fugitive emissions are the main sources of origin of the continuous exposure to workers. Operating plants regularly measure release and concentration levels through a plant-monitoring program. However, for processes which are still ‘on paper’, predictive estimation methods are required. Therefore, three methods for estimating concentration of the fugitive emissions are presented for the process development and design phases of petrochemical processes. The methods estimate the fugitive emission rates and plant plot dimensions resulting to fugitive emission concentrations. The methods were developed for the type and amount of information available in three process design stages; conceptual design, preliminary process design, and detailed process design. The methods are applied on a real benzene plant; the estimated benzene concentrations are compared to the actual concentration measured at the plant. The results show that as the information mounts up during design, the concentration estimate becomes more accurate. The results indicate that the methods presented provide simple estimates of fugitive emission-based concentrations during the design stages.     

矿山巷道三种机械局部通风方式的评价

在矿山巷道的掘进作业及隧道的导洞开挖等工程中，常采用局部机械通风，常见的通风方式有抽出式、压入式和混合式。这3种通风方式各有其特点，但从降低作业面粉尘浓度的角度尚未定量计算分析，在建立通风模型的基础上进行了数学分析，为选择合理的通风方式，确定合理通风量来确保工作面区域粉尘浓度达标，提供了理论论据。     

熵权-未确知测度理论在尾矿库安全标准化中的应用研究

为寻求可用于尾矿库企业评价自身安全标准化运行状况的方法,引入信息熵和未确知测度理论。从要求、执行和成果三方面,选取17个相互独立的评价指标,建立尾矿库安全标准化运行状况评价指标体系。分层抽取员工对指标打分,得到指标观测值。采用信息熵确定各指标权重,以优、良、中、差作为评价等级,并对应安全标准化等级中的1级、2级、3级以及未达标。考虑可操作性,选取直线型函数作为单指标测度函数。使用置信度识别准则判定等级,得出尾矿库安全标准化运行状况评价结果。在5家尾矿库企业进行模型应用,并对比专家考评结果。结果表明,熵权-未确知测度模型用于尾矿库安全标准化运行状况评估的评价结果与实际情况吻合度较高,误差在可接受范围内。     

The power of reflection for would-be leaders: Investigating individual work reflection and its impact on leadership in teams

This paper examines the key role that individual work reflection plays in facilitating individuals' leadership in teams. Consistent with the functional perspective on leadership, we argue that individual work reflection allows individuals to better understand their team's needs, and therefore enact higher levels of task-, relational-, and change-oriented leadership behaviors and be more effective leaders in their teams. We first conducted a series of measure development studies to validate a measure of individual work reflection comprising four dimensions of reflection at work: goals-, methods-, relationships-, and self-focused reflection. Then, across two independent studies assessing individuals in self-managing teams over time, we found support for our theoretical model linking individual work reflection to peer-rated leadership behaviors (Main Studies 1 and 2) and leadership effectiveness (Main Study 2). In further support of our theorizing, Main Study 2 also indicates that individual work reflection shapes leadership behaviors and effectiveness via understanding the team's needs, beyond a wide range of related constructs (e.g., feedback seeking, mindfulness, and rumination), as well as commonly studied predictors of leadership behaviors (i.e., the Big Five). Our theory and empirical findings help advance insights on the role of individual work reflection in improving leadership outcomes in organizations.     

Job Redesign Needs for Aged Workers

The aim of this paper is to explore and present a proposal for redesigning elements of the workplace for agech workers. The method of research was to observe, record, and measure the actions of sitting workers performing assembly operations on electrical products in the Kani Plant Nagoya Works of Mitsubishi Electric Co. (Japan). The evaluation index used in the experiment was obtained by measuring time motion elements, cycle time per product, and motion velocity waves of elderly workers. Those motion characteristics were then compared to the motion characteristics of young workers. The results led to job redesign elements being identified to reduce handling factors of high difficulty for aged workers and to the necessity to consider a coefficient of correction in Method Time Measurement (MTM) according to differences in the manufactured object’s weight.