关于化粪池分类管理的探讨与建议

化粪池是污水管网的重要配套设施,其主要功能是保证污水管网的正常运行。但化粪池存在管理不善、清掏受阻、邻避效应、二次污染等问题,因此一些地方新建住宅项目不再配置化粪池。随之一些企业建设也不再建造化粪池。对居民区和工业区建造化粪池的优缺点进行对比,并分析讨论了取消化粪池产生的影响。研究表明,取消化粪池会导致大量的固形物在污水管网发生沉积并引发一些环境问题,最终容易使企业不能通过环保部门的竣工验收,加大企业的投入成本。最后,以某染料化工厂为例,论证了上述观点。故笔者提出在居民区可以取消化粪池,但在工业区仍要继续保留的管理对策。     

社区养老设施邻避效应何以产生——以H社区康养中心项目为例

社区康养中心是社区养老的一种高质量服务方式,是完善我国养老服务体系的重要一环.通过调研发现H社区康养中心项目在建设过程中出现了严重的邻避效应,旨在通过使用半结构化访谈及参与式观察法的方法探究邻避效应的演变过程及产生原因.通过分析发现环境风险的感知、高度的动员能力以及决策过程封闭是导致康养中心"邻避效应"产生的重要原因,...     

扎实推进环保设施向公众开放

正从2013年起,江苏就启动"带着公众看环保"活动,选择部分环境监测站以及污水、垃圾、电子废弃物处理设施作为开放点,组织公众深入其中,学习环保知识,感受环保变化。面向公众开放环境保护设施,是落实《环境保护法》,扩大环境信息公开,引导公众参与和监督环保工作的重要措施;是普及环保科学知识、展示环保发展成果,把环境教育课堂搬到现场的生动实践;也是带领公众亲历环保,进而促进了解、消除隔阂,缓解环保"邻避"效应的有效办法。     

污水处理厂的“减负”命题

作为重要的环保设施,污水处理厂是实现污水变清的最后一道防线。在经历了一轮又一轮的跑马圈地后,如今的污水处理厂俨然步入到"深水区"。六年前,本刊曾以《解开污水处理厂的"死结"》为题,对污水处理厂的困局和市场化运营做过深入解读。六年后的今天,当我们重读污水处理厂时却惊讶地发现:不仅是诸如管网不配套、中水回用难、     

政府信息公开对“邻避”设施接受意愿的影响——基于CSS数据的实证研究

如何突破“邻避”设施建设困境，对改善城市人居环境以及推动生态文明建设具有重要意义。本文利用中国社会状况综合调查（CSS）2019年的数据，探讨了政府信息公开对“邻避”设施接受意愿的影响。研究发现：政府信息公开水平的提升有利于增强公众对“邻避”设施的接受意愿，该结果在一系列稳健性测试中依旧成立。政府信任是信息公开对“邻避”设施接受意愿影响的重要作用渠道，并且县级政府的信用作用要高于中央政府。相较而言，政府信息公开的作用对于教育水平较低以及中年群体的影响更为显著。基于此，本文提出调整“邻避”项目决策模式、丰富“邻避”项目信息公开方式、扩宽“邻避”项目监管渠道等对策建议，促进“邻避”设施顺利落地。     

开放环保设施,打消公众疑虑

正面对邻避,临时抱佛脚效果有限,建立企业的责任形象需要长期努力。而打开大门,让公众走进企业,了解设施的运行和污染控制状况,无疑是迈出了正确的、重要的第一步。"我们每天产生的生活垃圾、生活污水哪里去了?""垃圾焚烧企业能达标排放吗?"2018年11月9日,全国环保设施向公众开放观摩活动在南京举行,来自全国各地的200多名与会代表分别参观了光大环保能源(南京)有限公司、南京凯燕电子有限公司、南京铁北污水处理厂、长江燕子矶饮用水源地水质自动检测站,在体验环     

成都持续开展环保设施公众开放活动

<正>开放是最好的"化解剂"——推动环保设施向公众开放,可以保障公众知情权、参与权和监督权,是激发公众参与理解环境治理、破解"邻避效应"的有效途径。我们生活中制造的垃圾到哪去了?怎样进行垃圾分类?污水如何变成净水?为守护青山绿水,我们能做些什么?成都通过持续开展环保设施公众开放活动,带领公众找到了答案。     

重庆市排水有限公司

重庆市排水有限公司成立于1998年1月,隶属于重庆水务集团股份有限公司,位于重庆市渝中区长滨路126号,享有对重庆市主城区排水排污系统及污水处理厂站等设施的组织建设、营运管理、综合开发及三废治理等特许经营权,公司现有正在运行的污水处理厂总规模达84.6万t/d(其中预处理60万t/d)。公司现有资产39.7亿元,下辖唐家桥污水处理厂、鸡冠石污水处理厂、鸡冠石干化厂、渝中污水处理厂、西永污水处理厂、白含污水处理厂、管网管理公司、排水监测站等二级单位。     

污水处理厂为何频上“黑榜”?

在安徽省环境监察局近几年每季度环境监察执法中,总能发现一些污水处理厂的问题。其根本原因还在于污水处理厂配套设施建设不完善和缺乏专业人才所导致的管理不善。近年来挂牌督办一览2005年,原国家环保总局挂牌督办14家污水处理厂。安徽省亳州市城市污水处理厂、铜陵市新民污水处理厂位列其中。     

关于垃圾处理环境补偿机制的探讨

随着人们环保意识和生活水平的提高,垃圾处理设施在选址和运行管理中产生的社会冲突和邻避现象日益突出,并成为了垃圾处理事业发展的绊脚石。建立垃圾处理的环境补偿机制,对处理设施造成的影响和损失进行补偿,可以一定程度上促进环境公平和环境正义,减少垃圾处理方面的环境冲突。为缓解垃圾处理设施选址和运行管理的困境,妥善处理好垃圾处理设施运营单位与周边居民的关系,对垃圾处理环境补偿机制的理论和实践进行研究,探讨环境补偿机制的基本内容,并提出建立垃圾处理环境补偿机制的建议。     

Some more polluted than others: unequal cumulative industrial hazard burdens in the Philadelphia MSA,USA

The aim of this study was to quantify inequities in environmental hazard burdening in the 357 towns and 12 city planning analysis areas in the nine-county Philadelphia Metropolitan Statistical Area. Points were assigned to 14 types of hazards, including Superfund sites, hazardous waste facilities, landfills, trash transfer stations, waste tyres, incinerators, power plants, polluting factories, and sewage and sludge treatment facilities. When points were summed, 39 communities were in the 90th percentile for total hazard points. Risk ratios were calculated for community characteristics. The risk of extensive hazard burdening was significantly greater for communities bordering the Delaware River and for communities with more than 3% minority residents, more vacant housing units, and adults without a high school diploma. Risks were significantly lower for the most affluent communities. Results point to the need to reform environmental laws at the state level to prevent the concentration of environmental hazards in vulnerable communities.     

Canadian Innovations in Siting Hazardous Waste Management Facilities

/ Siting hazardous waste facilities is an extremely complex and difficult endeavor. Public aversion to the construction of these facilities in or near their community often results in concerted opposition, referred to as the NIMBY syndrome. For the most part, siting processes do not fail because of inadequate environmental or technical considerations, but because of the adversarial decision-making strategies employed by the proponents. Innovative siting processes used in the provinces of Alberta and Manitoba offer tangible evidence of the successful application of an innovative siting approach based on the principles of decentralization of decision-making authority and full and meaningful public involvement. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate four Canadian siting processes from the perspective of public participation and access to decision-making authority. Examples of siting processes related to hazardous waste management facilities are provided from the provinces of Alberta, Manitoba, British Columbia, and Ontario. Siting has evolved from approaches dominated by top-down decision making to increasing decentralized and pluralistic approaches. Focusing on social and political concerns of potentially affected communities and on the process of decision making itself are fundamental to achieving siting success. In Alberta initially, and later in Manitoba, this new "open approach" to siting has resulted in the construction of the first two comprehensive hazardous waste treatment facilities in Canada.KEY WORDS: Hazardous waste facilities; Siting methodologies; Public participation     

城镇生活污水治理规划研究——以双阳区奢岭镇为例

实现农村生活污水有效治理在推进生态文明建设和农民生活方式现代化中具有标志性意义.通过对区域现状数据调研及分析,划分区域污水汇水分区及选择污水收集方式,合理确定用水指标和污水排放系数,预测生活污水量,布局生活污水处理设施建设.其结果表明:具备条件排入奢岭镇污水处理厂的镇区外村屯的污水,排入奢岭镇区污水处理厂.不具备条件的...     

长江经济带污水处理设施减排效率与影响因素研究

污水处理设施作为废水排放的处理终端,在区域水环境治理的过程中发挥关键作用。本文以长江经济带沿线1117座污水处理设施为样本,以单位污水处理能耗作为污水处理设施的投入变量,BOD5等污染物的削减率作为产出变量,在考虑各类污染物对环境造成的异质性影响下利用WSBM模型对污水处理设施的减排效率进行测度,并运用CLAD模型对影响污水处理设施减排效率的外部因素进行研究。结果表明:长江经济带污水处理设施综合减排效率较低且差异较大,设施单位污水处理能耗冗余率较高以及对总磷污染物减排效果不理想是制约其减排效率提高的重要因素;长江经济带污水处理设施的减排纯技术效率总体呈现"东高西低",以上海、湖南、云南三省份形成"三极"的空间分布特征,而设施减排规模效率则呈现出"中部高、东西低"的空间分布格局;设施减排效率外部影响因素的驱动效应差异明显,并据此提出了排水管网合理规划、推进新型城镇化建设等对策建议。     

“We're not NIMBYs!” Contrasting local protest groups with idealised conceptions of sustainable communities

Abstract

The term “NIMBY” is used prolifically in both academic literature and general public discourse to describe a locally based action group protesting against a proposed development. It is frequently used to dismiss groups as selfish or ill-informed, as is illustrated both by those who accuse opponents of possessing such characteristics and also by the attempts of many community groups to reject the label. This lies in sharp contrast to the much encouraged notions of public participation in planning and community life as proposed by the UK government's proclaimed vision of a “sustainable community”. This paper argues that this dichotomy between “good” and “bad” participation can be misleading, by drawing on research from two case studies where locally based community groups opposed a specific, detailed development. The paper contributes to a burgeoning literature that reappraises conventional understandings of such groups by analysing often overlooked facets of protest groups, concluding that the conventional conceptualisations of them as NIMBY is inadequate and unhelpful in academic debate.     

居住区生活污水资源化的探讨

城镇居住区的生活污水资源化越来越受到关注,掌握其水质水量变化趋势对收集、处理和资源化利用十分必要。分别以北方某城市、南方某城市、东部某城市的典型居住区为例,开展了水质水量调查。研究表明,居住区的水量变化规律有很强的地区差异性,且与当地的生活习惯有很大关系。北方地区的污水各项污染物浓度平均比南方地区高10%。主要污染物的浓度与用水量有一定相关性,除去夜间的洗浴时间,在用水高峰期尤其是清晨期间浓度较高。     

Assessing energy use and greenhouse gas emission savings from compact housing: a small-town case study

Data from the US Department of Energy show that single-family detached homes consume about 17% more energy per year than attached homes and roughly double that of units in large multi-family structures. While greater use of these compact housing types could reduce a community's energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, most local climate action plans (CAPs) do not quantify those potential savings. This article describes how the climate action planning process in the Town of Blacksburg, Virginia has addressed residential sector GHG emissions and demonstrates a methodology applied in that community for estimating potential GHG reductions from compact housing. It finds that in an aggressive compact housing scenario GHG emissions from new housing could be decreased by as much as 36%, without factoring in additional energy conservation or efficiency measures. The article concludes with a discussion of the opportunities and challenges related to implementing compact housing in future residential development.     

SELECTED NUTRIENTS AND HEAVY METALS IN SEWAGE SLUDGE FROM NEW JERSEY POTWs1

ABSTRACT: In order to determine appropriate application rates and to ensure low pollutant levels in sewage sludge, knowing the chemical composition of sewage sludge is of great importance in a land application program. The objective of this study is to evaluate the variability of selected chemical characteristics of sewage sludge from New Jersey publicly owned treatment works (POTWs). Measurements of total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), NH₄⁺‐N, P, K⁺, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn reported by 98 facilities in the 1996 and 1997 New Jersey Sludge Quality Assurance Regulations (SQAR) reports were statistically analyzed. Sewage sludge from Category 5 POTWs (greater than 10 percent industrial input) showed higher Cd, Cu, and Pb concentrations than Category 3 and Category 4 facilities (less than 10 percent industrial input). Even though only two years of data were analyzed, there was an indication that Cd and Pb concentrations in sewage sludge are decreasing with time. The yearly mean of only a few facilities exceeded the federal pollution concentration limits (40 CFR Part 503, Table 3). Phosphorus and Cd values showed the highest variability within facilities based on the coefficient of variation. Due to the variability of sewage sludge constituents, the use of the yearly rolling mean of nutrient concentrations to determine application rates was considered inadequate. An actual analysis of the sewage sludge to be applied is more appropriate to determine application rates than historical data.     

The neighbourhood project for urban rehabilitation in France: a progress report

Serious social and environmental problems are encountered on many of the large post‐war estates of blocks of social housing (grands ensembles) surrounding French cities, as well as in many inner‐city districts. In 1981 the new Socialist administration set up a National Commission to foster grass‐roots schemes in order to improve housing and to attempt to tackle both the expressions and the causes of social problems. The resulting neighbourhood programme represents an innovative dialogue between the central State, the regions, local authorities and residents’ groups. Examination of a sample of projects from the provinces (Romans, Dreux, Les Minguettes) and the Paris region confirms that progress has been made by improving housing, open spaces and community facilities. Formidable problems of poverty, unemployment and racism remain on many estates.     

New York City Environmental Justice Alliance Waterfront Justice Project

This paper reviews key challenges and opportunities addressed by the New York City Environmental Justice Alliance's (NYC-EJA) Waterfront Justice Project, a citywide campaign to promote climate resilience and sustainability in urban industrial waterfront communities of New York City. NYC-EJA is a non-profit membership-driven network linking grassroots organisations from low-income neighbourhoods and communities of colour in their struggle for environmental justice. The Waterfront Justice Project is documenting community vulnerability in the context of climate change impacts, sources of industrial pollution, and demographic and socio-economic trends. This campaign is enabling community-based organisations, environmental justice communities, city planners, local and state government agencies, local business-owners, and other stakeholders to work in partnership to achieve community resilience while advocating for local jobs and promoting best practices in pollution prevention. New York City's waterfront policies ease the siting and clustering of public infrastructure, water pollution control plants, waste transfer stations, energy facilities, and heavy manufacturing uses in six areas designated as Significant Maritime and Industrial Areas (SMIAs). The SMIAs are located in environmental justice communities, largely low-income communities and communities of colour, in the South Bronx, Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island. New York City's local waterfront land use and zoning policies create cumulative risk exposure not only to residents and workers in the host waterfront communities, but also, in the event of storm surge or sea-level rise, to neighbouring, upland communities.