两级自养反硝化实现垃圾渗滤液的深度脱氮

针对目前生物工艺难以解决垃圾渗滤液深度脱氮的问题,探究了短程硝化反硝化-厌氧氨氧化-硫自养反硝化(两级自养)工艺处理高氨氮、低C/N比垃圾渗滤液的脱氮效果。结果表明,当进水垃圾渗滤液中氨氮平均浓度为2 560 mg·L~(-1),COD值为4 000～5 000 mg·L~(-1)时,经过短程硝化反硝化-厌氧氨氧化处理后,总氮去除负荷可达1.19 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1)、总氮去除率可达93.1%(出水TN=176.3 mg·L~(-1))、COD去除率可达52.2%。但是,厌氧氨氧化反应器出水中NO_x~--N浓度为154.5 mg·L~(-1),仍未达到我国生活垃圾填埋场垃圾渗滤液处理排放标准(TN≤40 mg·L~(-1))。在厌氧氨氧化反应器之后串联硫自养反硝化,整体工艺最终出水NH_4~+-N、NO_2~--N、NO_3~--N平均浓度分别为1.9、0.6、9.7 mg·L~(-1),TN≤15 mg·L~(-1),进水总氮去除率为99.5%。在短程硝化反硝化-厌氧氨氧化-硫自养反硝化两级自养深度脱氮反应系统中实现了垃圾渗滤液深度脱氮。     

活性炭纤维吸附废水中对硝基苯酚及其脱附研究

采用新型高效吸附剂--活性炭纤维吸附废水中对硝基苯酚,对其吸附和脱附影响因素进行了较详细的研究,确定了最佳工艺参数,并对动态吸附-脱附进行了稳定性实验.在最佳的吸附条件下,装填4 g活性炭纤维可处理含对硝基苯酚1000 mg/L的废水1400 mL,出水对硝基苯酚浓度＜2 mg/L,达到国家综合污水一级排放标准,活性炭纤维有效吸附量可达349.87 mg/g.在最佳脱附条件下,脱附率＞99%,并可从高浓度脱附液中回收对硝基苯酚.稳定性实验表明,吸附-脱附性能稳定,采用活性炭纤维吸附处理对硝基苯酚废水是一种行之有效的处理方法.     

垃圾渗滤液膜滤浓缩液的电化学氧化处理研究

垃圾渗滤液的膜滤浓缩液盐度高,腐殖质含量大,制约着其进一步的处理处置。借助于电化学在高盐度废水中的氧化能力,对膜滤浓缩液的电解条件和电解机制进行研究,发现在电压10V、pH=6、极板间距2cm的最佳电解条件下,COD、TN、TP质量浓度可分别从4 160、280.2、8.1mg/L下降到1 279、84.6、1.9mg/L,去除率分别为69.3%、69.8%、76.5%。此时膜滤浓缩液中的大分子物质被降解为小分子物质,而类胡敏酸物质分解为低腐殖化、低缩合度有机物,出水BOD5/COD从0.054升高到0.106,提高了96.3%,为后续处理奠定了基础。     

厌氧-好氧工艺处理生活垃圾填埋场的渗滤液

为使某生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液水质达到城市污水管网的接管要求,采用厌氧-氨吹脱-混凝沉淀-好氧处理工艺进行处理,并介绍了相关工艺的设计参数。运行结果表明,采用该工艺,出水水质全部达到《生活垃圾填埋污染控制标准》（GB 16889—1997）的三级排放标准。     

强化混凝-光电氧化组合工艺深度处理垃圾渗滤液膜滤浓缩液

采用强化混凝-光电氧化组合工艺对北京某垃圾填埋场垃圾渗滤液膜滤浓缩液进行处理。探讨了不同混凝剂投加量、电流密度和反应时间对COD去除率的影响,并考察了溶解性有机物的分子量和结构在本工艺中的变化。结果表明:同时投加Ca(OH)2、Fe2(SO4)3和PAM混凝后,COD去除率为28.00%,含量由4 700 mg/L降低到3 384 mg/L;同时投加KMnO4、Fe2(SO4)3和PAM进行二次混凝,COD去除率为60.20%,含量为1 870 mg/L;混凝后水样在电流密度为400A/m2,经3 h光电氧化后,COD去除率为86.20%,含量为650 mg/L。本工艺将垃圾渗滤液膜滤浓缩液中部分大分子量有机物降解为小分子量有机物;光电氧化后,有机物结构被迅速破坏。     

活性炭纤维吸附废水中对硝基苯酚及其脱附研究

采用新型高效吸附剂——活性炭纤维吸附废水中对硝基苯酚，对其吸附和脱附影响因素进行了较详细的研究，确定了最佳工艺参数，并对动态吸附一脱附进行了稳定性实验。在最佳的吸附条件下，装填4g活性炭纤维可处理含对硝基苯酚1000mg/L的废水1400mL，出水对硝基苯酚浓度〈2mg／L，达到国家综合污水一级排放标准，活性炭纤维有效吸附量可达349．87mg／g。在最佳脱附条件下，脱附率〉99％，并可从高浓度脱附液中回收对硝基苯酚。稳定性实验表明，吸附-脱附性能稳定，采用活性炭纤维吸附处理对硝基苯酚废水是一种行之有效的处理方法。     

UASB-FEO-氨吹脱-CASS工艺在垃圾渗滤液处理中的应用

针对垃圾渗滤液可生化性差、氨氮含量高等特点和国内处理工艺现状,采用UASB-FEO-氨吹脱-CASS工艺处理合肥市龙泉山城市垃圾填埋场垃圾渗滤液。介绍了工艺的重要构筑物及其设计参数。运行实践表明,整套装置运行平稳,出水水质满足设计要求。根据出水水质对该工艺进行技术分析以及运行结果的讨论,并与新发布的技术规范及排放标准进行对比分析。     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液和浓缩液的蒸发特性

研究了垃圾填埋场渗滤液及其MBR-NF-RO处理过程所产生的膜浓缩过滤液在不同蒸馏阶段的水质情况,对比分析了不同pH下渗滤液蒸发情况,考察了蒸发前后的废水中溶解性有机物(DOM)的变化情况。结果表明,垃圾渗滤液蒸发各阶段水质(COD和NH_4~+-N)情况与膜过滤浓缩液大致相同,都是由高到低再升高的情况;在pH 5~10范围内,随着pH的增高,10%残留率下,NH_4~+-N的蒸发量逐渐增加,而TOC逐渐减少;膜过滤浓缩液和垃圾渗滤液的DOM成分大致相同,都以富里酸和腐殖酸为主,蒸发后蒸发液中DOM以类蛋白和色氨酸为主;通过蒸发法处理垃圾渗滤液膜浓缩液,出水水质可以满足《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB16889-2008);而垃圾渗滤液采用此法处理后仍旧含有较高浓度的NH_4~+-N,需结合其他处理设施才可达标排放。     

臭氧预氧化-BAF工艺深度处理垃圾渗滤液

以广东省江门市垃圾填埋场垃圾渗滤液为研究对象，对经SBR生化处理和聚合硫酸铁混凝后的垃圾渗滤液，采用臭氧-BAF(曝气生物滤池)工艺进行深度处理。该工艺优点在于：臭氧高级氧化技术使大分子有机污染物降解成二氧化碳和水，或者小分子有机污染物，有利于后继BAF的生化处理，且臭氧处理过后废水的色度明显降低，是废水处理的有效方法之一。而后采用曝气生物滤池对垃圾渗滤液进行进一步处理，对COD进一步去除。结果表明，当臭氧的加入量为150 mg/L，BAF停留时间＞4 h，出水COD低于85 mg/L，稳定达到国家GB 16889-1997《生活垃圾填埋污染控制标准》一级排放标准，臭氧氧化法处理每吨垃圾渗滤液的费用为4.8元。     

混凝-砂滤-活性炭过滤-微滤-反渗透集成技术处理钒冶炼废水

针对在"低钠焙烧水浸提取偏钒酸钠-离子交换树脂提纯-氯化铵沉钒"生产钒工艺下产生的废水的高盐度,可生化性差,使用传统的方法难以达到排放标准等特点,提出了"混凝-砂滤-活性炭过滤-微滤-反渗透"集成技术处理钒冶炼废水。考察了混凝沉淀的最佳条件,同时重点探讨了操作压力、运行时间和pH等操作参数对膜运行效果的影响。反渗透出水的COD为20.7 mg/L,Cl-为176 mg/L,电导率为387μS/cm,除盐率达到99.4%,总铬、六价铬和总钒等重金属的去除率都达到99%以上,远远低于国家规定的排放标准,该出水能回用于大部分生产工序;浓缩液也能回用于成球工艺和烟气处理工序,实现了钒冶炼废水的零排放。具有比较可观的经济价值和广阔的应用前景。     

Fenton氧化技术处理稠油污染土壤

利用Fenton氧化技术对稠油污染土壤进行氧化处理,分析对后续微生物修复的促进作用。向1 000 g石油类含量为8%的稠油污染土壤中加入10.0 mL 18 mmol/L Fe2+溶液与10.0 mL 30%H2O2,反应时间为2 h。氧化处理后土壤中石油烃的总去除率可达到31.38%,胶质去除率为45.22%,沥青质去除率为51.26%,胶质的分子量由1 841下降到1 472,沥青质的分子量由5 831下降到5 073。Fenton氧化可使土壤酶活、各类微生物的数量及呼吸强度有不同程度的下降,但在氧化后30 d内,土壤各类微生物数量都超过了原有水平,其中细菌数量最高达到9.84×105CFU/g,是氧化前的数量的1.57倍。以上实验结果表明,Fenton氧化可以有效去除土壤中胶质和沥青质,并且使土壤中微生物的生长速率加快。因此,Fenton氧化能够促进后续的微生物修复。     

Oxidation of chlorophenols in soil at natural pH by catalyzed hydrogen peroxide: the effect of soil organic matter.

This investigation reports on the effects of soil organic matter (SOM) during the oxidation of chlorophenols with Fe2+-catalyzed H2O2 (Fenton oxidation) system. The soil pH was 7.1 and was not altered. Sorption experiments of soil pre-treated under various oxidation conditions were performed. Concentrations of organic matter in the liquid phase and soil before and after oxidation were analyzed. The results were correlated to the observation in batch Fenton oxidation tests. They showed that the oxidation of chlorophenols at natural soil pH depended on the dose of H2O2 and Fe2+. The soil organic content did not vary significantly after various Fenton treatments, while the sorption of chlorophenols was 10-25% less by the oxidation. The concentration of chlorophenols in the liquid phase exhibited a "decrease and rebound" phenomenon in the batch Fenton oxidation tests. It appeared that the oxidation of SOM resulted in the release of sorbed chlorophenols which were then oxidized by the excess H2O2. An "oxidation-desorption-oxidation" scheme was proposed to describe one of the interaction mechanisms among the oxidant, SOM, and chlorophenols during oxidation.     

Pre-oxidation and coagulation of textile wastewater by the Fenton process

This paper evaluates the Fenton process, involving oxidation and coagulation, for the removal of color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from synthetic textile wastewater containing polyvinyl alcohol and a reactive dyestuff, R94H. The experimental variables studied include dosages of iron salts and hydrogen peroxide, oxidation time, mixing speed and organic content. The results show that color was removed mainly by Fenton oxidation. The color removal reached a maximum of 90% at a reaction time of 5 min under low dosages of H2O2 and Fe2+. In contrast, the COD was removed primarily by Fenton coagulation, rather than by Fenton oxidation. The ratio of removal efficiency between Fenton process and ferric coagulation was 5.6 for color removal and 1.2 for COD removal. It is concluded that Fenton process for the treatment of textile wastewater favors the removal of color rather than COD.     

Fenton组合工艺处理焦化厂生化出水的应用研究

比较了Fenton氧化、Fenton氧化+活性炭及Fenton氧化+生物活性炭工艺对焦化厂生化出水的处理效果.结果表明,Fe2+、H2O2的投加量分别为56、27.2 mg/L时,Fenton氧化工艺对水样的UV254、颜色度(VIS380)、COD和总氰均有较好的去除效果;Fenton氧化+活性炭工艺在有效去除UV254、VIS380、COD和总氰的同时,能强化活性炭的吸附效果,并能显著提高水样的生化性能;Fenton氧化+生物活性炭工艺能有效去除UVM254,VIS380、COD与总氰,使出水达到<污水综合排放标准>(GB 8978-1996)一级标准.     

微波-Fenton对沼液中抗生素和激素的高级氧化

采用微波强化Fenton氧化处理系统,研究H2O2浓度、Fe2+浓度、初始pH、微波辐射时间和微波辐射功率对沼液中喹乙醇、土霉素、四环素及金霉素降解效果的影响.结果发现,采用微波强化Fenton氧化降解沼液中抗生素与激素的最优条件是:H2O2浓度为40 mg/L、Fe2+浓度为12 mg/L、初始pH为4、微波辐射时间为2 min、微波辐射功率为中火(445W),沼液中喹乙醇、土霉素、四环素、金霉素和COD的去除率分别达到67％、93％、91％、88％和46％.在水浴条件下,与单独微波辐射和单独Fenton相比,微波强化Fenton氧化有明显的优越性.     

生物淋滤-Fenton对印染污泥脱水性能的影响

采用嗜酸性硫杆菌生物淋滤联合Fenton氧化法对印染污泥脱水性能进行了研究。结果表明，生物淋滤过程中pH下降速率随着硫粉添加量增加而变快，经生物淋滤处理后污泥的脱水性能在一定程度上得到了改善。对生物淋滤后的污泥进行了Fenton氧化处理，获得的最佳反应条件为反应时间2h，H2O2和Fe2＋添加量分别为6g／L和0．5g／L。在该条件下，污泥上清液中总有机碳（TOC）由20．8mg／L增加到356．6mg／L；污泥比阻（SRF）和滤饼含水率分别由5．98×10^11s2／g和88．75％减少至1．26×10^11 S2／g和82．85％。生物淋滤-Fenton氧化法在污泥破解程度和脱水性能改善方面均优于单独Fenton氧化法。     

垃圾渗滤液生化出水的脱色研究

分别采用脉冲电解法、混凝沉淀法、芬顿氧化法、高铁酸钾氧化法对垃圾渗滤液生化出水进行处理，考察了处理效果。结果表明：铁电极电解法和芬顿试剂氧化法均能脱除垃圾渗滤液的色度，去除有机物质。铁电极电解对色度的去除率可达98．4％，COD去除率可达84．4％；芬顿试剂氧化对色度的去除率可达99％，COD去除率可达85．8％。两种方法均能使出水达到排放标准。同时比较了各种处理方法的运行成本，在达到同样出水标准的前提下，铁电极电解运行成本远低于芬顿试剂氧化，为3．67元／t水，而芬顿试剂药剂成本为8．67元／t水。     

Modified Fenton reaction for trichlorophenol dechlorination by enzymatically generated H2O2 and gluconic acid chelate

Glucose oxidase is a well-known enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of β-d-glucose to produce gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Fenton reaction is a powerful oxidation technology used for the oxidation of groundwater pollutants. For the application of Fenton reaction in groundwater remediation, successful operation of Fenton reaction near neutral pH, and on-site generation of both H₂O₂ and chelate will be beneficial. The focus of this experimental study was to couple the glucose oxidation reaction with chelate-based Fenton reaction. The idea was to use the hydrogen peroxide and chelate gluconic acid generated during glucose oxidation for the dechlorination of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) by Fenton reaction. The oxidation of glucose was achieved using the enzyme in free and immobilized forms. The rate of production of hydrogen peroxide was determined for each system, and was used to estimate the time required for complete consumption of glucose during the process, thus avoiding any traces of glucose in the Fenton reaction. In the case of free enzyme reaction, separation of the enzyme was achieved using an ultrafiltration membrane before initiating the Fenton reaction. The oxidation of TCP by Fenton reaction was performed at varying ratios of gluconic acid/Fe, and its effect on the decomposition of TCP and H₂O₂ was studied. TCP degradation was studied both in terms of parent compound degradation and free chloride generation.     

Fenton 氧化深度处理高浓度造纸废水的中试实验简

采用Fenton氧化开展了对高浓度造纸废水深度处理的中试实验，对Fenton氧化的COD的去除效果，各药剂加药量及成本，排泥量和装置运行的稳定性等进行探讨和分析，结果表明，一级Fenton氧化的COD去除率可达到90%以上，出水COD在100 mg/L左右，总加药成本在6元左右，排泥量约为1~1.2 kg/t废水；二级Fenton氧化的COD去除率在96%左右，出水COD小于60 mg/L，总加药成本在8元左右，排泥量约为1.15~1.4 kg/t废水，验证了Fenton氧化用于高浓度造纸废水深度处理达到新的排放标准的可行性。     

A hybrid fenton oxidation-microbial treatment for soil highly contaminated with benz(a)anthracene

In order to mitigate the strong microbial resistance of benz(a)anthracene [B(a)A] in soil, a hybrid treatment of Fenton oxidation followed microbial culture was carried out. Based on optimal Fenton oxidation, i.e., 1.0 ml of ethanol, 0.2 ml of 0.5 M Fe²⁺, and 0.3 ml of 30% H₂O₂ per 1 g of 500 mg B(a)A/kg soil, about 43% of B(a)A-7,12-dione was generated during oxidation of 97% B(a)A. When the comparative biodegradability between B(a)A-contaminated soil and B(a)A-contaminated soil after Fenton oxidation was examined, it was found that 98% of B(a)A-7,12-dione degraded after 63 d in comparison with only 12% of B(a)A over the same period; results demonstrating that Fenton oxidation enhances biodegradability of B(a)A through B(a)A-7,12-dione.