不均匀压下金属板带面内弯曲的成形极限

锥辊不均匀压下板带面内弯曲是一种省能、柔性、高效、精密局部连续塑性成形过程.在实验结果的基础上分析了锥辊辗轧状态对板带面内弯曲成形极限的影响,并对实验过程中出现的3种失稳起皱的情形进行了讨论.     

铣削工艺参数对锡铋合金表面粗糙度特征影响及试验分析

目的对锡铋合金表面粗糙度特征进行研究分析,提高表面加工质量。方法采用正交试验设计方法,以最小表面粗糙度作为优化指标,以主轴转速、铣削深度、进给速度、铣削宽度作为影响因素,进行精密铣削试验研究。结果利用方差分析确定了进给速度是锡铋合金铣削表面粗糙度最重要的影响因素,并基于田口方法优化分析得到了锡铋合金铣削加工工艺最优组合。结论采用田口法对锡铋合金铣削工艺参数优化,有效地减少了加工表面粗糙度,提高了工件表面质量。     

入口侧辊板非对称接触轧制时的变形效应

针对中厚板轧制时前端部板形翘曲这一生产中常见的技术问题,在轧机上通过静态压缩、轧制试验,观察、分析了入口侧辊板非对称接触对轧制过程的影响.探讨了轧制时变形区几何形状系数l/对轧件前端部翘曲的影响规律.指出入口侧辊板非对称接触轧制时,金属沿高向变形与流动、应力分布呈非对称状态,使金属沿高向上的纵向流动不均匀,这是导致轧件出辊缝后前端部翘曲的主要因素之一.     

硬质合金复合电加工刃磨技术及设备研究

1 引言随着硬质合金刀具的广泛推广和使用,硬质合金刀具的刀磨工艺已成为当前急需解决的一个重要课题。目前国内硬质合金刀具的刃磨基本上都是用昂贵的金刚石砂轮通过机械磨削法以硬对硬进行加工,成本高,工效慢,劳动强度大。本研究课题,意在改变     

地表参数对面源大气预测结果的影响性分析研究

为了研究地表参数取值对AERMOD中面源模拟预测浓度值的影响,文章通过改变粗糙度、反照率和波文比的取值来进行不同地表参数与预测结果的相关性分析,同时采用正交试验法来研究不同地表参数对预测结果的敏感性.相关性分析表明,不同地表参数和预测结果有着很高的相关性.敏感性分析表明,反照率数值变化对小时最大落地浓度的敏感性最大,粗糙度数值变化对日均和年均最大落地浓度的敏感性最大.通过研究可以看出在面源大气预测过程中合理选择地表参数值是准确预测的前提.     

内外圆表面滚压加工

介绍一种内外圆表面精加工的斩方法——滚压加工。利用硬质合金滚压头对零件内外圆表面旋转挤压,使金属表面产生塑性变形,从而达到零件的尺寸精度和表面粗糙度要求,并在表面产生残余压应力。该工艺替代了磨削加工和喷丸处理，大大提高生产效率并降低了生产成本。     

不透水地表粗糙度对城市面源颗粒物的累积和冲刷影响

目前国内外关于不透水地表微观结构特征如何影响街尘对径流输出过程的研究鲜见报道.本研究基于12场降雨事件的野外观测,以粗糙度（构造深）量化不透水地表微观结构特征,分析粗糙度与晴天街尘的累积特征及雨天冲刷特征之间的相关关系.结果表明,不透水地表粗糙度显著影响街尘的晴天累积-雨天冲刷过程,晴天累积天数对粗糙度与街尘累积量的相关性（r=0.664,P<0.01）具有增强效应,降雨量对粗糙度与街尘冲刷量的相关性（r=0.527,P<0.01）具有增强效应;各粒径段街尘累积量与粗糙度的相关性（0.529≤ r<0.757）随颗粒物粒径变大而提高,各粒径段街尘冲刷量与粗糙度的相关性（0.603 > r > 0.209）随颗粒物粒径变大而降低.通过建立粗糙度和降雨量的线性回归模型可以较好地预测场降雨径流中TSS累积污染负荷.粗糙度和降雨量对<20 μm以及>250 μm粒径段的累积负荷作用效果显著.上述结果揭示了粗糙度和降雨量对街尘输出为地表径流污染物的作用,为准确模拟城市面源颗粒污染物的径流冲刷过程提供了科学依据.     

农业流域营养盐流失的关键因素及其防治途径

全面分析农业流域氮、磷等污染物质流失的关键过程,识别主要影响因素,研究探讨农业面源污染影响因素的作用方式和治理途径,对于农业面源污染控制具有重要意义。以国内外大量相关研究成果为基础,全面分析了农业面源污染的主要产生机理,以及影响农业面源污染时空分布的主要因素及相互作用关系,详细探讨了土壤性质、植被类型、土地利用格局、径流驱动因素、农业生产模式等关键因素对农业面源污染流失特征的影响作用,并从农田管理、景观结构调整、农业生产格局优化等方面有针对性的提出了适合中国农业流域特点的面源污染防控措施。     

纳滤膜过滤MBR出水的污染原因与清洗方法

为研究膜-生物反应器(MBR)出水对纳滤膜的污染原因及清洗方法,使用场发射扫描电镜、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪、原子力显微镜和接触角仪对经MBR出水污染的纳滤膜表面污染层进行了检测,结果表明,纳滤膜表面污染物包括有机物和无机物,所含元素包括磷、镁等,对经过不同清洗步骤的膜表面进行的检测表明,柠檬酸清洗可以去除镁和大部分磷,这些物质主要以无机形态存在于膜面污染物中;后续NaOH清洗可以进一步去除磷,这部分磷主要来自有机酸、有机磷或蛋白质等膜面污染物.污染使膜表面粗糙度由79.5 nm增大至111.2 nm,但接触角由55.6°变为62.1°,表明亲水性变化不大;酸洗后表面粗糙度显著减小至51.9 nm,接触角变为96.0°,表明有机污染物暴露出来,膜面呈现疏水性;再经碱洗后,膜面粗糙度与亲水性均接近于新膜.这些结果说明,先酸洗后碱洗的方法可以去除绝大部分的膜面污染物,进一步推知膜污染初期主要为有机污染,之后无机物的作用使污染进一步加重.     

砂轮磨光对作业工人健康的影响

为了解砂轮磨光局部振动作业对工人健康的影响，我们对济宁市砂轮磨光的作业情况及工人的健康状况进行了初步调查，并就振动作业对工人的健康损害进行了初步的探讨，报告如下。１调查对象、内容及方法１．１调查对象以某机械厂的３１０名砂轮磨光作业工人为调查对象，其中...     

磨床局部磨削高温的研究探讨

主要介绍了磨削时工件表面产生局部高温的主要原因,磨削高温对淬火工件表面质量的影响,以及在加工时为了避免局部高温应采取的一些必要措施。提出了预淬火工件表面局部高温的方法。     

2A12铝合金在EXCO溶液中腐蚀损伤形貌演化分析

目的探索2A12铝合金在EXCO溶液中腐蚀损伤形貌的演化规律。方法开展实验室内2A12铝合金的加速腐蚀实验。为实现表面粗糙度与腐蚀损伤相关性的定量研究,首先采用3D扫描成像仪对实验样品进行扫描,取得样品微观几何特征,实现表面粗糙度值的数字化定量表征。观察样品在EXCO溶液中腐蚀损伤的发生发展过程、腐蚀形貌的演化过程,测量腐蚀样品蚀坑深度,并分析表面粗糙度对样品腐蚀损伤的影响。结果当腐蚀时间不超过6 h时,2A12铝合金样品在EXCO溶液中的腐蚀类型主要为点蚀,随着时间的延长,将向全面腐蚀发展。粗糙度值高的试件表面有打磨时形成的较深表面纹理,这些纹理制约了点蚀坑的扩展,使蚀坑沿纹理的方向发展,有演化为微裂纹的可能性,蚀坑边界的不规则处也会萌生微裂纹。粗糙度值较小的样品,腐蚀损伤也较小,但粗糙度对腐蚀损伤的影响随时间的延长而减弱。结论常温下,2A12铝合金在EXCO溶液中首先发生点蚀,由于蚀坑向四周扩展的速度快于深度方向,使腐蚀类型从点蚀向全面腐蚀演变。表面粗糙度对2A12铝合金样品腐蚀损伤形貌的演化有重要影响,表面微观几何特征通过制约蚀坑扩展方向的方式来改变样品的腐蚀行为,并造成腐蚀损伤的明显差异。随着腐蚀时间的延长,材料逐渐失去其原有表面微观几何特征,表面粗糙度对腐蚀行为的影响下降。     

Rotary ultrasonic machining of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystal: An experimental investigation on surface roughness

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystal, widely used for important electro-optic parts, is a typical hard-to-machine material because of its soft, brittle, and anisotropic properties. High quality is usually required for machined surfaces on KDP parts. Reported machining methods for KDP crystal include diamond turning, grinding, magnetorheological finishing, and polishing. Each of these methods has its limitations. Therefore, it is desirable to develop new machining methods for KDP crystal. This paper presents an experimental investigation on surface roughness in rotary ultrasonic machining (RUM) of KDP. It was found that the surface roughness obtained when using a tool with a chamfered corner was lower than that obtained using tools with right-angle corners. Other process variables (spindle speed, feedrate, and ultrasonic power) also affected the surface roughness obtained.     

Investigating the effects of liquid atomization and delivery parameters of minimum quantity lubrication on the grinding process of Al2O3 engineering ceramics

Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to flood cooling. MQL spray jet has been shown to have potential to be applied successfully in different machining processes. Since the amount of lubricating liquid employed in MQL jet is very low, it is necessary to generate and apply the MQL spray efficiently. However, efficient application of MQL is not only related to spray atomization characteristics and delivery parameters but is also affected by machining conditions. The present paper demonstrates a theoretical and experimental investigation on the spray atomization and delivery parameters in the grinding process of Al₂O₃ engineering ceramics. The spray atomization characteristics studied are carrier gas velocity, liquid droplet size and liquid droplet velocity. Experiments were performed to verify the delivery parameters of MQL spray including nozzle angle, nozzle distance, lubricant flow rate and gas flow rate in the case of Al₂O₃ ceramics grinding. The experimental results confirm the theoretical outcomes and indicate that by applying optimal spray delivery parameters efficient lubrication takes place. Moreover, efficient lubrication of Al₂O₃ ceramics grinding can decrease the challenges existing in ceramics grinding processes by reducing grinding forces and surface roughness.     

振动压路机地面振动对环境的影响

依据振动压路机施工中产生的地面振动实验数据，统计得出了一种常用型号振动压路机的地面振动加速度衰减关系；据此计算出了该型号振动压路机施工中产生的不同距离处的地面振动垂直向加速度和铅垂向Z振级。分析了振动压路机振动衰减的决定因素；评价了振动压路机施工振动对人类居住生活环境的影响范围和影响程度，提出了避免或减轻振动压路机造成的环境振动污染的措施。     

Machining assessment of nano-crystalline hydroxyapatite bio-ceramic

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a widely used bio-ceramic in the fields of orthopedics and dentistry. This study investigates the machinability of nano-crystalline HAP (nHAP) bio-ceramic in end milling operations, using uncoated carbide tool under dry cutting conditions. Efforts are focused on the effects of various machining conditions on surface integrity. A first order surface roughness model for the end milling of nHAP was developed using response surface methodology (RSM), relating surface roughness to the cutting parameters: cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut. Model analysis showed that all three cutting parameters have significant effect on surface roughness. However, the current model has limited statistical predictive power and a higher order model is desired. Furthermore, tool wear and chip morphology was studied. Machined surface analysis showed that the surface integrity was good, and material removal was caused by brittle fracture without plastic flow.     

Analysis of machined surface quality in a single-pass of ball-end milling on Inconel 718

The ball-end milling process is widely used for generating three-dimensional sculptured surfaces with definite curvature. In such cases, variation of surface properties along the machined surface curvatures is not well understood. Therefore, this paper reports the effect of machining parameters on the quality of surface obtained in a single-pass of a ball-end milling cutter with varying chip cross-sectional area. This situation is analogous to generation of free form cavities, pockets, and round fillets on mould surfaces. The machined surfaces show formation of distinct bands as a function of instantaneous machining parameters along the periphery of cutting tool edge, chip compression and instantaneous shear angle. A distinct variation is also observed in the measured values of surface roughness and micro-hardness in these regions. The maximum surface roughness is observed near the tool tip region on the machined surface. The minimum surface roughness is obtained in the stable cutting zone and it increases towards the periphery of the cutter. Similar segmentation was observed on the deformed chips, which could be correlated with the width of bands on the machined surfaces. The sub-surface quality analysis in terms of micro-hardness helped define machining affected zone (MAZ). The parametric effects on the machining induced shear and residual stresses have also been evaluated.     

Application of Taguchi method to selection of optimal lubrication and cutting conditions in face milling of AlMg3

This paper outlines the Taguchi optimization methodology, which is applied to optimize the cutting parameters in face milling when machining AlMg₃ (EN AW 5754) with HSS (high speed steel) tool under semi-finishing conditions in order to get the best surface roughness and the minimum power consumption. Beside the conventional flood lubrication, the investigations include the minimal quantity lubrication and the dry milling. These environment-friendly cutting techniques are considered two practical ways to the cleaner manufacturing in the context of the sustainable production. The parameters evaluated are the cutting speed, the depth of cut, the feed rate and the cooling lubrication techniques (cutting fluid flow). The appropriate orthogonal array, signal to noise (S/N) ratio and Pareto analysis of variance (ANOVA) are employed to analyze the effect of the mentioned parameters on the good surface finish (surface roughness). This paper illustrates the application of the techniques for single performance characteristics optimization, which employs the weighting factors to each of the S/N ration of the responses to obtain a multi-response S/N ratio for each trial of the orthogonal array and, finally, a single optimal process parameters setting. Using Taguchi method for the design of experiments (DOE), it is investigated the significant influence and the parameters interaction effect with minimum number of trials as compared with a full factorial design.