轻质油品铁路装车系统的改造

针对近年来企业轻质油品铁路装车系统改造过程中需要注意的几个问题进行了危害性分析，并提出了整改方案：栈台改造时要确保罐车与栈台边缘的距离满足安全间距；确保鹤管和罐车的准确对位；装车流速的控制即要考虑铁路部门不超过3h的要求，也要满足安全流速的要求；装车泵宜选用变频技术；不同油品的鹤管必须分开设置；装车前罐车内的残油和鹤管管线中的残油应进行回收处理；密封盖的选型应考虑密封面的形式和装车过程中车辆的下沉等因素；油气回收设施与栈台的距离不应超过800mm，油气回收主管线的直径可根据实际装车泵最大流量进行核算。     

新型农村生物质气化站的建设与运行模式探讨

针对目前农村生物质气化站不能正常运转的原因进行了简单分析，提出了建设新型农村生物质气化站，重点对这种新型农村气化站的建设和运行模式进行了探讨，新型农村气化站在生物质气生产技术上选择中温热解制气，在输配技术上以集中制气、区域配送为主，在建设和运行上以专业化为主，以此来解决目前生物质气化站存在的问题。     

柴油低温临界吸收法回收装车挥发油气

研究了采用柴油低温临界吸收法回收装车挥发油气的效果。实验结果表明：按装车挥发油气中的总烃体积分数为20.88%、装车挥发油气流量为280 m³/h、年运行时间为2 668 h计，装置年回收油气量为291 t，装置年最大运行功率为206.770 MW，装置投资回收期为3 a;处理后净化气中的总烃体积分数为1.24%，排放质量浓度低于25 g/m³，油气回收率达95%。处理后净化气满足GB 20950—2007《储油库大气污染物排放标准》，取得了较好的环保效益和经济效益。     

造纸黑液气化减少污染物排放

Georgia- Pacific公司希望通过采用造纸黑液气化代替在回收锅炉中燃烧的方法 ,大幅度减少其Big Island造纸厂的 NOX、硫及其他污染物的排放量。该项目将由与美国能源部的费用分担协议最终确定。能源部之所以支持这一项目 ,是因为黑液气化既可减少能源费用 ,又可减轻污染。气化器将采用 MTCI公司开发的脉冲式燃烧器。该项目将标志着黑液气化法工业应用的开端 ,计划于 2 0 0 2年投入运行 ,其黑液 (以其中固体量计算 )气化能力为 2 0 0 t/d,产生一种热值为 30 0 Btu/英尺 3的富含氢气体 ,可在透平机燃烧发电及利用其废热发生蒸汽。美国森…     

棉秆的流化床水蒸气气化实验研究

为了探究棉秆在水蒸气气化过程中气化温度和蒸气与生物质的质量配比(S/B)对产气和焦油的影响,在自主搭建的流化床气化炉实验台上,进行了一系列实验。研究表明,氢气含量、气化效率、焦油去除量均与气化温度及S/B呈正相关,且焦油中甲苯、苯乙烯和苯酚等组分受气化条件影响显著。当气化温度为800℃时,实验中可得含氢量34%的中热值气体,并且焦油含量低于20g/m^3。     

石灰石—石膏湿法脱硫浆液氟化铝络合原因分析及对策

石灰石—石膏湿法脱硫装置运行过程中,浆液氟化铝络合会影响石灰石的溶解度。以某电厂125MW燃煤机组脱硫改造工程为例,分析脱硫装置吸收塔浆液出现氟化铝缝合物造成石灰石闭塞的原因。依据A l3＋、F-络合原理及组分变化规律,及时采取技术措施,消除了石灰石闭塞,恢复脱硫装置正常运行。     

模拟氯化钠盐渣的高温处理

采用高温处理法对模拟氯化钠盐渣（简称盐渣）进行处理，研究了加热过程中气体有机物产生量随加热时间的变化规律以及加热温度对气体有机物产生量的影响，并分析了盐渣的高温处理效果。实验结果表明：含苯盐渣、含异丁醇盐渣、含氯苯盐渣、含二甲苯盐渣和混合盐渣在高于盐渣中所含有机物沸点30 ℃的条件下加热120 min，盐渣中的有机物去除率均大于99.99%;混合盐渣的加热温度越高，气体有机物的产生速率越快，相同时间内有机物的去除率也越大;盐渣中有机物的气化分离可分为3个阶段，初始阶段有机物气化速率较小，中间阶段气体有机物产生量迅速增加，最后阶段大部分有机物从盐渣中气化分离;盐渣中的有机物在高温气化时，会发生一定的化学反应，有微量的新物质生成。     

上海某电厂320MW 机组“电改袋”工程

针对上海某电厂4×320 MW机组中的3、4号炉电除尘器提标改造为袋式除尘器项目，介绍了改造背景、改造技术以及改造后袋式除尘器的运行情况。除尘器投运至今，运行稳定，各项指标达到设计要求。     

湿法脱硫石灰石制浆系统的比选

石灰石制浆系统被广泛应用于燃煤电厂石灰石／石膏湿法烟气脱硫系统中。对典型的湿磨制浆和石灰石粉制浆系统从工艺流程特点、设备组成、技术经济等方面进行详细的分析比较。考虑到1000MW机组工程石灰石耗量较大，从电厂长期运行角度考虑，推荐采用技术成熟、运行经济的石灰石湿磨制浆方案，同时要加强湿磨制浆系统的日常维护和管理：     

石横一期烟囱冲洗水及排液系统改造

介绍了石横电厂一期烟气脱硫技改项目中烟囱及入口烟道排液系统改造情况，论述了烟囱及烟道排液系统改造要点、运行方式，提出了烟囱排液系统的改造方案。     

脱硫石灰石粉生产线设计及应用

以姚孟电厂脱硫石灰石制粉工程为例，介绍了水泥粉磨技术在电厂脱硫剂制粉中的应用。运行结果表明，系统运行良好、效率高、能耗低，可作为电厂脱硫石灰石制粉的专门技术。     

电石渣脱硫运行存在问题的探讨

石灰石—石膏湿法脱硫技术是我国燃煤电厂烟气脱硫的首选工艺,以电石渣代替石灰石进行烟气脱硫,可以达到废物利用、循环经济的目的。分析了以电石渣为脱硫剂时,系统运行存在的问题,并提出相关建议。     

Hydrogen-rich synthesis gas production from waste wood via gasification and reforming technology for fuel cell application

The purpose of this study was to establish a fuel process for an advanced power generation system in which hydrogen-rich synthesis gas, as the fuel for the molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), can be extracted from biomass via gasification and reforming technologies. Experiments on waste wood gasification were performed using a bench-scale gasification system. The main factors influencing hydrogen generation in the noncatalytic process and in the catalytic process were investigated, and temperature was identified as the most important factor. At 950°C, without employing a catalyst, hydrogen-rich synthesis gas containing about 54 vol% hydrogen was extracted from feedstock with appropriately designed operation parameters for the steam/carbon ratio and the equivalence ratio. However, by employing a commercial steam reforming catalyst in the reforming process, similar results were obtained at 750°C.     

石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫系统节能降耗探讨

为探讨石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫系统节能降耗措施，结合杨柳青电厂4×300 MW机组石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫系统的长期运行工况，在分析机组负荷、燃煤硫分、脱硫效率及石膏品质等因素对电耗、水耗及石灰石粉消耗量的影响规律基础上，主要从FGD系统运行方式调整、设备改造升级、运行维护管理提升等方面总结提出了FGD系统的节电、节水及节粉技术与管理措施。为脱硫系统的经济优质运行提供可靠保障，在兼顾环保、社会效益的同时，有望进一步降低电厂的脱硫成本。     

Co-gasification of solid waste and lignite - a case study for Western Macedonia

Co-gasification of solid waste and coal is a very attractive and efficient way of generating power, but also an alternative way, apart from conventional technologies such as incineration and landfill, of treating waste materials. The technology of co-gasification can result in very clean power plants using a wide range of solid fuels but there are considerable economic and environmental challenges. The aim of this study is to present the available existing co-gasification techniques and projects for coal and solid wastes and to investigate the techno-economic feasibility, concerning the installation and operation of a 30MW(e) co-gasification power plant based on integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) technology, using lignite and refuse derived fuel (RDF), in the region of Western Macedonia prefecture (WMP), Greece. The gasification block was based on the British Gas-Lurgi (BGL) gasifier, while the gas clean-up block was based on cold gas purification. The competitive advantages of co-gasification systems can be defined both by the fuel feedstock and production flexibility but also by their environmentally sound operation. It also offers the benefit of commercial application of the process by-products, gasification slag and elemental sulphur. Co-gasification of coal and waste can be performed through parallel or direct gasification. Direct gasification constitutes a viable choice for installations with capacities of more than 350MW(e). Parallel gasification, without extensive treatment of produced gas, is recommended for gasifiers of small to medium size installed in regions where coal-fired power plants operate. The preliminary cost estimation indicated that the establishment of an IGCC RDF/lignite plant in the region of WMP is not profitable, due to high specific capital investment and in spite of the lower fuel supply cost. The technology of co-gasification is not mature enough and therefore high capital requirements are needed in order to set up a direct co-gasification plant. The cost of electricity estimated was not competitive, compared to the prices dominating the Greek electricity market and thus further economic evaluation is required. The project would be acceptable if modular construction of the unit was first adopted near operating power plants, based on parallel co-gasification, and gradually incorporating the remaining process steps (gas purification, power generation) with the aim of eventually establishing a true direct co-gasification plant.     

Catalyst durability in steam reforming of thermally decomposed waste wood

Thermal gasification and reforming technologies applicable over a wide temperature range were investigated for high efficiency and for the calorific value of the gas evolved from organic waste such as woody debris. The durability of the reforming catalyst and the availability of catalyst regeneration were investigated using laboratory-scale catalytic reformers and a gasifier. Commercial Ni-based catalyst and calcined limestone (CaO) were applied to the reforming reaction. The results of woody waste gasification and reforming revealed the hydrogen concentration produced to be sustained at a high catalyst temperature of 1123 K, which prevented the catalyst from deactivating. The results also indicated that catalyst regeneration by air oxidation at the same temperature would be effective for enhancing catalytic activity.     

浅析石灰石浆液品质调节方法与制浆系统节能

燃煤电厂烟气脱硫技术以石灰石/石膏法为主,制浆系统是其重要组成之一。以金湾电厂2×600MW机组石灰石/石膏湿法脱硫制浆系统为例,介绍了石灰石浆液品质调节方法及制浆系统节能措施。     

Characterization of cellulosic wastes and gasification products from chicken farms

The current article focuses on gasification as a primary disposal solution for cellulosic wastes derived from chicken farms, and the possibility to recover energy from this process. Wood shavings and chicken litter were characterized with a view to establishing their thermal parameters, compositional natures and calorific values. The main products obtained from the gasification of chicken litter, namely, producer gas, bio-oil and char, were also analysed in order to establish their potential as energy sources. The experimental protocol included bomb calorimetry, pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry (PCFC), thermo-gravimetric analyses (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, elemental analyses, X-ray diffraction (XRD), mineral content analyses and gas chromatography. The mass and energy balances of the gasification unit were also estimated. The results obtained confirmed that gasification is a viable method of chicken litter disposal. In addition to this, it is also possible to recover some energy from the process. However, energy content in the gas-phase was relatively low. This might be due to the low energy efficiency (19.6%) of the gasification unit, which could be improved by changing the operation parameters.     

湿法烟气脱硫系统效率偏低原因分析及建议

河南某电厂4×300MW机组配套脱硫装置,在正常运行时脱硫效率低于设计值,分析其脱硫效率的影响因素并提出了合理的解决方法,为脱硫装置的稳定运行提供参考。