生态文明理念融入围填海造地全过程的路径探析

近年来,我国沿海地区经济社会持续快速发展,工业化、城镇化进程不断推进,造成建设用地日益紧缺,围填海造地成为扩大发展空间、促进经济发展的有效途径,但围填海引起的生态环境问题不容忽视。如何在围填海造地区域建设海洋生态文明,实现可持续发展,是我国许多沿海地区面临的一个重要课题。识别了围填海造地的生态环境影响,阐述了生态文明理念融入围填海造地的必要性,并从围填海造地工程前期、施工过程中以及陆域形成后3个阶段,提出生态文明理念融入围填海造地全过程的具体路径。     

用于沿海(湖)地区的几种熏烟模式

持续熏烟是速成海(湖)岸地区严重污染的主要形式之一。近年来,国外陆续发展了一些用于向岸流条件下,预测沿海地区熏烟浓度的模式。本文介绍了六种较为实用的熏烟模式。这些模式算法简单,所包含的参数易于得到。因而,比其它类型的模式便于应用。其中Lyons模式和Misra模式曾用于沿海地区的污染预测,得到了满意的结果。     

《沿海地区大气扩散观测与模式》研讨会在宁召开

能源部于1990年3月14日至20日在南京电力环境保护研究所举办了《沿海地区大气扩散观测与模式》研讨会。部属研究所、大专院校、规划设计院等16个单位的40余名科研人员参加了会议。加拿大著名学者、约克大学研究复杂地形上流动的专家     

应用密封法测定含高氯离子废水中的COD

采用密封法测定含高氯离子废水中的COD,能较好地抑制氯离子氧化。该法对有机物的氧化能力高于标准法,并具有试剂用量少、节省水和电、占用空间小、适于批量分析等优点,对沿海地区或排放含高氯离子废水的企业测定COD有实用价值。     

湖南省不同岩性区风电场工程水土保持措施配置研究

在风电场建设过程中不可避免地会对土壤及植被造成一定的扰动和破坏,人为加剧水土流失.目前,对风电场工程的水土流失特点及防治措施体系已进行了较深入的研究,但在各个地区不同岩性条件下水土流失又有着本地区独有的特征,所采取的措施也不能千篇一律.以湖南省3个不同岩性区的风电场为例,对其水土流失特点进行分析,探讨了在不同岩性条件下风电场工程的水土保持措施配置.     

燃煤电厂建设过程中的水土保持设计方案探讨

通过介绍燃煤电厂建设中水土保持方案的主要工作内容，阐述了燃煤电厂水土保持状况的一般特点和水土流失治理的常见方案，说明了对项目区水土流失状况的分析和预测以及合理分区，分类指导，建立不同时期的防治措施体系在燃煤火电厂水土保持设计方案中的重要性。     

电厂建设运行中的水土流失预测与水土保持设计

在燃煤电厂建设运行的同时,将引起一系列的水土流失问题.以四川国电金堂电厂二期扩建工程为例,简要说明项目区水土流失预测的内容和方法,并在其基础上对可能产生的水土流失和危害进行了分析,同时介绍了建设期和运行期采取的综合防治措施,为类似工程的水土保持提供借鉴.     

广东省惠州LNG电厂水土保持措施

通过对广东省惠州LNG电厂2个候选厂址工程概况和自然环境的分析，论述了电厂建设导致的水土流失及其特征和可能造成的危害，并提出相应的工程和植物措施，为电厂的安全生产、保护生态环境提出科学的理论依据。     

唐山市再生资源有限公司废钢加工配送中心投入运营

唐山市废钢铁加工配送中心项目由唐山市再生资源有限公司开发建设，占地2.33hm^2，总投资1000万元，2011年5月10日投入运营。项目建设以高标准的现代化产业园区为目标，购进大量国内外先进的废钢铁分拣加工设备，设有商品交易区、分拣加工区、货物仓储区、物流配送区、生活服务区等，是唐山市最大的废钢铁分拣加工和配送中心。     

岷江上游桃关——中潍铺河段水质现状评价

本文介绍了岷江上游桃关——中潍铺水质现状。通过调查与水质监测，该段的水质污染受地表径流和工业废水的制约。为保护水质，必须恢复上游的森林植被，减少水土流失；控制发展有污染的工作，使废水达到排放标准排放；加强水质监测，明确管理方向。     

我国电子垃圾回收存在的问题与解决途径

介绍了我国电子垃圾回收利用存在的问题与现状、国外可供借鉴的经验,以及电子垃圾分类情况,最后提出我国电子垃圾再生利用的产业化发展方向。     

Effects of cosolvency in the fate and transport of PCBs in soil

Under the purview of EPA's Remedial Engineering Management (REM III) Superfund contract, a CERCLA RI/FS was performed at the Pinettes Salvage Yard site located in Washburn, Maine (EPA Region I). The purpose of the RI/FS was to fully characterize the nature, extent, and fate and transport of PCB contamination resulting from an alleged surface spill of transformer dielectric fluid containing Arochlor 1260 (a polychlorinated biphenyl) and various volatile and semivolatile organic constituents. The RI/FS was performed subsequent to both an immediate removal action (IRA) and a deletion remedial investigation (DRI) performed by EPA contractors. Results of both efforts indicated that the site was unsuitable for deletion from the National Priorities List (NPL) because the site soils contained elevated levels of PCBs. This article presents a case history of the extensive field investigations performed to characterize the contaminant source and evaluate the fate and transport of PCBs in site soils. These investigations included on-site mobile laboratory gas chromatograph (GC) analytical techniques for PCBs and targeted volatile and semivolatile organic compounds; confirmatory Contact Laboratory Program (CLP) laboratory analyses of soils, sediments, surface water, and groundwater samples; statistical analyses and correlation of field mobile laboratory GC data with CLP laboratory analytical results; and an evaluation of the potential effects of cosolvency in the fate and transport of PCBs in subsurface soils.     

Long Term Trends in Sulphur and Nitrogen Deposition in Europe and the Cause of Non-linearities

Emissions of sulphur and oxidized nitrogen compounds in Europe have been reduced following a series of control measures during the last two decades. These changes have taken place during a period in which the primary gases and the wet deposition throughout Europe were extensively monitored. Since the end of the 1970s, for example land based sulphur emissions declined by between 90 and 70% depending on the region. Over the same period the total deposition of sulphur and its partitioning into wet and dry deposition have declined, but the spatial pattern in the reduction in deposition differs from that of emission and has changed with time. Such non-linearities in the emission-deposition relationship are important to understand as they complicate the process of assessing the effects of emission reduction strategies. Observed non-linearities in terrestrial sulphur emission-deposition patterns have been identified in north west Europe due to increases in marine emissions, and are currently slowing the recovery of freshwater ecosystems. Changes in the relative amounts of SO₂ and NH₃ in air over the last two decades have also changed the affinity of terrestrial surfaces for SO₂ and have therefore changed the deposition velocity of SO₂ over substantial areas. The consequence of this effect has been the very rapid reduction in ambient SO₂ concentration in some of the major source areas of Europe, where NH₃ did not change much. Interactions between the different pollutants, generating non-linearities are now being incorporated in long-range transport models to simulate the effects of historical emission trends and to provide projections into the future. This paper identifies non-linearities in emission deposition relationships for sulphur and nitrogen compounds in Europe using data from the EMEP long-rang transport model and measured concentration fields of the major ions in precipitation and of SO₂ and NO₂ in surface air.     

活性污泥焚烧过程中镍的迁移分布特性

采用管式炉对污水厂活性污泥焚烧过程中Ni的迁移分布特性进行研究。实验结果表明：当污泥掺烧量（污泥质量与煤和污泥总质量的比）为25%时，Ni的挥发率（飞灰与气体中Ni质量的总和与污泥中Ni质量的比）几乎为零，且污泥与煤混合试样的综合燃烧效果最好；当污泥焚烧加入硫化物时，各种硫化物对Ni的残留率（炉渣中Ni的质量与污泥中Ni质量的比）提高能力大小顺序为Na₂S>S>Na₂SO₃>Na₂SO₄；当污泥焚烧加入氯化物时，促使Ni向烟气中迁移，且加入无机氯更易使Ni向烟气中迁移。     

我国大气铅浓度水平与污染源排放特征

总结和评价了我国大气铅浓度水平、大气铅污染源的主要类型和排放特征,对今后我国大气铅污染发展趋势进行了说明.汽油无铅化以后,我国城市大气环境中的铅浓度有所下降,一般不超过国家标准的限值,但农村地区大气铅污染状况应引起高度重视.涉铅工业排放、燃煤排放和汽车尾气是大气铅污染的主要来源.我国大气铅污染源涉及行业和部门庞杂,伴随着铅产品的整个生命周期.     

我国中水回用现状及对策

我国水资源短缺问题日益严重,从长远发展来看,中水回用作为一项保护环境、节约资源的措施,将有力地促进城市的可持续发展和加速生态城市的建设.中水回用是解决我国水资源危机的有效途径之一.     

反渗透与超滤及其在水处理中的应用

反渗透与超滤是水处理中广泛应用的膜分离技术,给水处理中反渗透应用较多,废水处理中超滤应用较广泛。     

中国废钢铁加工业的回顾与展望

回顾了中国废钢加工业60年的发展史,介绍了中国废钢加工业的现状和今后的发展方向,论述了现代化废钢加工业在中国的崛起,并对2015-2020年中国废钢加工业作了展望.     

Infectious waste management in Japan: assessment of current trends in waste measurement and reporting in general and psychiatric hospitals

Infectious waste (IW) may include waste contaminated with blood and other bodily fluids, cultures of infectious agents from laboratory work, or waste from patients with infections. Accurate and standardized measurement is an important aspect of waste management. In Japan, data on infectious waste generated by hospitals are limited. Therefore, we aimed to identify the current status of infectious waste management and disposal in hospitals. To this end, data on the amount of IW generated and IW disposal costs from 54 public hospitals—25 general hospitals and 29 psychiatric hospitals—between April 2015 and March 2016 were analyzed. The results revealed the absence of a standardized unit of IW measurement, with 33 hospitals reporting IW in kilograms and 21 hospitals reporting it in liters. As expected, the amount of IW generated at psychiatric hospitals was significantly lower than that generated at general hospitals. The amount of IW produced correlated positively with the number of in-patients. Disposal costs varied not only by hospital type and prefecture but also across hospitals of the same type within the same prefecture. A system that consolidates IW data management using standardized units is necessary.

     

仪表及控制系统在湿法脱硫设计中的运用和优化

根据石灰石/石膏湿法脱硫工艺要求,采用DCS系统为开发平台设计电厂湿法烟气脱硫系统.从控制系统的I/O点配置、硬件配置、网络配置以及仪器仪表测点等方面,介绍了如何合理运用和优化设计.