中国煤矿工人体能负荷、疲劳与工伤事故

煤矿井下事故对矿工威胁很大，体力负荷过重而导致疲劳是引起事故不可忽视的原因。测定不同工种井下矿工的体能负荷情况，并根据ＦＩＸ疲劳指数的测定，分析矿工劳动负荷与工伤事故发生之间的关系。研究表明，在疲劳状态下事故发生的危险性增加；劳动负荷越重，疲劳越重相对的事故发生率也越高。减轻疲劳对预防事故发生与保证工作安全具有很重要的意义     

煤矿井下工人体力劳动负荷及疲劳调查研究

本文以心率测定分析为主要指标测定井下工人作业时的心血管等机体反应用来评价中国煤矿工人的体力劳动负荷，疲劳程度等。通过这一调查实验探讨适合煤矿井下工人的工作方式和负荷标准，并提出有关的改进建议。这对改进工作条件、减少工人疲劳程度、提高工作效率、减少工伤事故等方面具有切实可行的意义。     

煤矿井下工人体力劳动负荷及疲劳调查研究

本文以心率测定分析为主要指标测定井下工人作业时的心血管等机体反应用来评价中国煤矿工人的体力劳动负荷，疲劳程度等。通过这一调查实验探讨适合煤矿井下工人的工作方式和负荷标准，并提出有关的改进建议。这对改进工作条件、减少工人疲劳程度、提高工作效率、减少工伤事故等方面具有实切可行的意义。     

井下接噪矿工疲劳主观症状调查研究

井下接噪矿工疲劳主观症状调查研究刘卫东，邢娟娟，孙学京（煤炭工业部职业医学研究所，北京１０２３００）疲劳是造成煤矿井下工伤事故的原因之一，它对矿工的生命安全和煤矿安全生产威胁很大，因此越来越受到有关部门的重视。疲劳产生时，人体综合地表现出一系列反应，...     

工伤事故调查一二三

企业从业人员在进行生产活动时,工伤事故时有发生。按照“四不放过”原则处理事故,重要的一项基础工作就是做好对工伤事故的调查。一、工伤事故调查的目的1.查清事故发生的过程,揭示事故发生的规律通过规定的程序,收集证据,确认事实,为分清事故责任,分析事故发生的原因提供可靠     

现代工程类大学生的安全素质教育研究

建国以来,党和国家对职工的安全健康极为关心,采取了一系列改善劳动条件的措施。但由于我国工业基础薄弱、科学技术落后、工艺装备不良,加之法制不健全,企业安全不完善等,致使工伤事故和职业病仍然十分严重,重大事故屡屡发生。这不仅给人民生命和国家财产造成重大损失,而且严重阻碍社会发展。例如目前我国每年死于各类事故的人数近10万人。在工业伤亡事故中,我国井下开采的煤矿     

船员劳动工伤伤害主因及基于管理的防范性措施研究

本文根据某大型航运企业最近9年来发生的船员劳动工伤事故,按“企业职工伤亡事故分类标准”中的分类方法,对这些船员劳动工伤事故进行分类统计分析,并提出如何从管理角度,防范此类劳动工伤事故的发生.指出防止船员劳动工伤事故的管理性措施包括:建立船员职业健康安全管理体系,为船员提供一个健康的、安全的、卫生的工作场所;制定配套的船员劳动安全规章制度;建立完善的劳动安全监督机制;加强对船员劳动工伤事故的调查分析;加强安全教育和现场监督管理;进行船员劳动安全风险辨识;为船员提供必要的劳动防护等.     

政策干预对提高煤矿职工素质影响探讨

煤矿井下作业人员素质低,是煤矿事故多发的重要原因之一.建议从大幅度提高煤矿井下人员工资待遇,吸引高素质人才从事煤矿工作;全方位开展煤矿职业培训工作,坚持先培训后就业,实行煤矿从业准入制;对现在岗的煤矿从业人员分期分批进行培训,实现煤矿从业人员持证上岗;政府出台政策,强制煤矿企业开展职工岗位技术培训和安全培训等4个方面着手,切实提高煤矿从业人员的整体素质,减少煤矿事故的发生.     

美国煤矿的安全监管与典型事故(3)

2006年1月2日,位于美国西弗吉尼亚州的萨戈煤矿发生瓦斯爆炸事故,导致12名矿工死亡。经调查发现,萨戈煤矿井下一处密闭采空区内由于瓦斯聚集发生了爆炸,并将密封墙摧毁,致使井下部分区域充斥过量的一氧化碳。一些矿工不会使用自救器也是导致其死亡的重要原因。萨戈矿难促使美国出台了《2006年煤矿改善与新应急响应法》。     

劳动保护基本知识讲座 第二讲 安全技术基础

为了预防工伤事故,消除和控制引起事故的原因及其对工人健康的有害影响,不断改善工人的劳动条件而采取的各种措施,归纳起来称为安全技术。 一、工伤事故的预防 工伤事故作为一种意外事件,在一定条件下可能发生,也可能不发生。人们总是千方百计地使这种事抢占发生。 人们通过对工伤事故的研究,将发生工伤事故的一般规律归纳为以下几点;1.多是由意外事件造成,2.由于操作者的不安全动作或自己置于不安全环境中;3由于人为的过失,造成不安全动作或不安全状态.4.社会环境及其它的影响: 这些环节一环扣一环,前因生后果。其中,直接导致事故发生的是…     

Occupational and public health and safety in a changing work environment: An integrated approach for risk assessment and prevention

During recent years the work environment has undergone significant changes regarding working time, years of employment, work organization, type of employment contracts and working conditions. In this paper, consequences of these changes on occupational and public health and safety are examined. These include the disruption of human biological rhythms, the increase of workers fatigue due to changes in patterns of working hours and years of employment, job insecurity and occupational stress, which have a serious impact on workers’ health and may result in an increase in occupational accidents. Unsafe work practices related to workload and time pressure, the impact of work changes on public safety and the deterioration of workers’ living conditions with respect to income, social-family life, health and insurance benefits, are also described. In this context, difficulties that occur due to the changing work environment in conducting effective occupational risk assessments and implementing OSH measures are discussed (for example, frequent changes between tasks and workplaces, underreporting of occupational accidents and diseases, lack of methodological tools, etc.). A fundamental criterion used while studying consequences on health and safety and the relative preventive measures is that health and safety must be approached as ‘the promotion and maintenance at the highest degree of the physical, mental and social well-being of workers’ and not only as retention of their work ability. Limits in combining “flexibility” at work and overall protection of occupational and public safety and health in a competitive market are put forward for discussion.     

Occupational safety conditions of bus drivers in Metro Manila,the Philippines

The study looks into the occupational safety and working conditions among bus drivers in Metro Manila, the Philippines. Quantitative data were collected through survey interviews of 95 bus drivers using the stratified sampling technique. Results showed that bus drivers worked an average of 16?h/day and were engaged in risky driving behaviors such as over-speeding and road racing in order to reach their quota for the day. Fifty-nine percent experienced work-related accidents, with a mean of three accidents. The most common accident was hitting another vehicle followed by side swipe. The accidents were blamed on other drivers, followed by vehicle defect, inattentiveness and tiredness/micro-sleep or sudden involuntary sleep while driving. The most common health symptoms experienced by the bus drivers were fatigue, back pain, and cough and colds. This study underlines the need for an occupational health and safety program for bus drivers in the Philippines.     

STAMP-based analysis on the railway accident and accident spreading: Taking the China–Jiaoji railway accident for example

Each hazard analysis technique is based on a model of accident causation. Most accident models regard accidents as resulting from a chain or sequence of events, such models are fit for accidents caused by failures of physical components and for relatively simple systems, but suffer from serious deficiencies when they are applied to software-intensive, complex engineering systems. Recently, a new accident model called System-Theoretic Accident Models and Process (STAMP) for system safety has been proposed, it is based on control theory and enforces constraints on hazards and thereby prevent accidents. In this paper, taking the China–Jiaoji railway accident happened on April 28, 2008 as an example, the STAMP approach has been used to analyze the railway accident and some improvement measures have been proposed. As the occurrence of one accident can cause many other accidents happen, based on the STAMP-based analysis, the accident spreading processes have also been discussed and modeled, which will be helpful to analyze accidents spreading in a broad sense and establish effective emergent measures for accident response management.     

体力疲劳对建筑工人不安全行为的影响效应研究*

为降低建筑安全事故发生的概率,从建筑工人的不安全行为入手,构建体力疲劳与不安全行为理论影响模型,通过结构方程模型（structural equation model,SEM）与层次回归法实证检验二者间的影响关系。研究结果表明:体力疲劳直接正向影响建筑工人不安全行为,且通过工作倦怠作为中介因素间接影响建筑工人不安全行为;而心理资本反向调节体力疲劳与工作倦怠的关系。研究结果揭示体力疲劳与不安全行为的中介调节机制,丰富和完善二者的间接及整体关系,有助于管理者有效防控建筑工人的不安全行为。     

A survey of forest workers in New Zealand. Do hours of work, rest, and recovery play a role in accidents and injury?

PROBLEM: A number of structural and organizational changes have occurred recently within the New Zealand Forestry Industry, with concerns being raised about the impact of these changes on the forestry worker in terms of fatigue, sleepiness, and compromised safety. This study explored the relationship of fatigue, and some of its key determinants, with accidents and injuries in a group of forestry industry workers in New Zealand. METHOD: A total of 367 forestry workers responded to a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: Fatigue was found to be commonly experienced at work in the forest, with 78% of workers reporting that they experienced fatigue at least "sometimes." This study found that certain groups of workers reported long working hours, reduced sleep, compromised recovery time, and intensely paced work. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that recent sleep, number of breaks taken during the workday, and specific job/tasks were independently associated with reporting of high fatigue levels at work. Near-miss injury events were significantly more common among those reporting a high level of fatigue at work. Accidents and lost-time injury were associated with length of time at work, ethnicity, and having had near-miss injury events. DISCUSSION: Together, these results suggest that fatigue and aspects of work organization, which are likely to be fatiguing, may be associated with compromised safety for forest workers. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: With an already slim margin of error present in forest operations, an impairment due to increased fatigue may constitute a significant risk factor for accidents and injuries in this workforce. The results indicate the need for further examination of shift and workload management among forestry workers, as well as a role for improving industry awareness about the causes and consequences of fatigue.     

Economic cost of occupational accidents: Evidence from a small island economy

Though a number of occupational accidents have occurred amongst the working population in Mauritius, no study has been carried out to measure the costs associated with such accidents to the best of our knowledge. This study bridges this gap by measuring the economic costs of occupational accidents by using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The results show that occupational accidents result in costs amounting to nearly Rs. 168 mn of which a major part is accounted for, by loss in productivity. Alongside the highest rate of accidents took place within small enterprises and younger workers are the one taking higher risks mainly due to lack of knowledge and risk awareness. The findings also reveal that only 4% employers believe that investment in safety and health is important for maintaining good business partly because most of the costs are borne by the state. Such a situation therefore requires the need for awareness on practical health and safety systems and procedures among both employees and employers with a view to prevent accident and injuries.     

Safety in shipping: the human element

INTRODUCTION: There are numerous diverse papers that have addressed issues within maritime safety; to date there has been no comprehensive review of this literature to aggregate the causal factors within accidents in shipping and surmise current knowledge. METHODS: This paper reviewed the literature on safety in three key areas: common themes of accidents, the influence of human error, and interventions to make shipping safer. The review included 20 studies of seafaring across the following areas: fatigue, stress, health, situation awareness, teamwork, decision-making, communication, automation, and safety culture. RESULTS: The review identifies the relative contributions of individual and organizational factors in shipping accidents, and also presents the methodological issues with previous research. CONCLUSIONS: The paper concludes that monitoring and modifying the human factors issues presented in this paper could contribute to maritime safety performance. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: This review illustrates which human factors issues are prevalent in incidents therefore this gives shipping practitioners a focus for interventions.     

Assessment of Physical Load at Work Sites: A Finnish–German Concept

The aim of this article is to introduce a set of work physiology methods for the assessment of physical load at the work site and to consider (a) their relevance for different types of muscular work, and (b) their feasibility for occupational health and safety practitioners. The results of an ergonomic intervention study for the reduction of workload associated with various manual materials handling tasks were used for the evaluation of the feasibility and sensitivity of the measurements of heart rate, the Edholm and OWAS methods, and the ratings of overall and local perceived exertion. The methods proved feasible, although time consuming, and their sensitivity for the quantification of small changes in physical workload was limited. Despite these shortcomings, these methods can be used by occupational health and safety practitioners when their strategy and data collection techniques are developed further. In conclusion, there are relevant and feasible methods fora reliable work-site assessment of cardiorespiratory and postural load related to the activation of large muscle masses. On the other hand, field methods for the quantification of local static workload and repetitive type of workload with small muscle masses are scarce.     

An analysis of human factors in fifty controlled flight into terrain aviation accidents from 2007 to 2017

Introduction: Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT) account for a considerable amount of fatalities when compared to other accident categories. Human factors are deemed significant contributory causes in these accidents. This paper aims to identify the human factors involved with aviation accidents that resulted in CFIT. Method: The study used the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) framework to determine the factors involved in 50 CFIT accidents from 24 counties over a 10 year period, i.e. 2007–2017. Interviews with five senior aviation safety experts were used to provide a better comprehension of the human factors affecting the flight safety. Results: The study identified 1289 individual causal and contributory human factors with unsafe actions and preconditions for unsafe actions being the main subcategories of the accidents. The study found that CFIT occur across a range of pilot experience and 44% of accidents occurred in cruise flight. Distraction, complacency and fatigue are all elements that flight crews may experience as contributors to CFIT during cruising. Conclusions: Human factors represent a major component of CFIT accidents. The analysis revealed a similar pattern of contributory and causal human factors across the various flight categories, with some noteworthy isolated variations. The prevalent factors were decision and skill-based errors along with communication, coordination and planning issues. Practical applications: Provision of specific CFIT awareness, pilot training focusing on improved decision-making and revision of basic flight skills, development of specific Global Positioning System routes for transiting high terrain areas are necessary to prevent CFIT accidents. Installation of Terrain Avoidance and Warning System and Ground Proximity Warning System and appropriate equipment training, specific CFIT Crew Resource Management training and improvement of organizational knowledge on the elements involved in CFIT are also recommended.