张家界气候资源的利用与保护

为了充分开发利用和保护张家界的气候资源,我们采用长期定点和短期定位相结合的方法,观测研究了张家界的气候和森林小气候特征。研究证明,张家界具有亚热带湿润季风气候区的山地气候特征,森林小气候舒适宜人,旅游气候资源和农业气候资源丰富,应大力发展旅游业和林业;保护森林植被是保护张家界气候资源的关键。     

近40年来三江源区气候资源的变化

利用长江、黄河、澜沧江三江源地区18个气象台站1961－1999年的气象资料,统计并分析了降水、热量、光照以及蒸发量等气象要素近40年来的变化趋势、年代际变化特征,揭示了三江源区气候资源变化的实际情况,为该区生态环境建设工程提供基本数据和参考。     

横断山地区光资源的分布特点和开发途径

横断山地区位于青藏高原与四川盆地和云贵高原相接的过渡地带,总面积约60万 km~2。由于地处热带北缘和亚热带,加上特殊的地形地貌等自然因素的影响,该区蕴藏着极其丰富的光资源。本文拟就该区光资源的分布状况和利用方向提出初步看法。     

青海南部地区大风天气分析和预报

大风天气是青海南部地区频繁发生的重大灾害性天气之一。本文通过普查该区1971—2000年风速大于等于17m／s的大风天气过程,得出大风分布特征,并用天气学方法对24h内本地有区域性大风（相邻三站以上）的42个天气过程进行了环流分型和诊断分析,总结归纳出了产生本地区域性大风的天气学指标,给出了大风预报的一般思路和预报着眼点。     

滇东北山原土地资源的可持续利用─—以会泽县为例

滇东北山原区是云南省的区域性贫困区．该区以山地为主．自然条件垂直差异大、土地资源质量较差、管理上存在问题多．本文以会泽县为例,对该区土地资源的持续利用进行了探讨．     

滇东北山原土地资源的可持续利用：以会泽县为例

滇东北原区是云南省的区域性贫困区。该区以山地为主，自然条件垂直差异大，土地资源质量较差、管理上存在问题多，本文以会泽县为例，对该区土地资源的持续利用进行了探讨。     

川中丘陵区土地资源的可持续利用——以乐至县为例

川中丘区是四川省粮食经济作物的主产区，土壤肥沃、耕地少、土地利用复杂。以乐至县为例，探讨了该县土地资源的可持续利用。     

资溪马头山的植物资源

资溪马头山的植物资源饶军，李荣同，李江（抚州师专生物系．抚州３４４００Ｏ）资溪马头山位于江西东部，武夷山脉中段，东经１１７°１０＇～１１７°２０＇，北纬２７°４９＇～２９°５５＇。该区地理环境优越，气候温和．属中亚热带季风气候区，年均温１６．１℃，７...     

南极乔治王岛地理环境在科学研究上的意义

作者根据参加中国第5次南极考察的经历,从地理环境尤其是气候和资源对航空、航海、科考的影响,讨论了乔治王岛地区在科学研究上的战略意义。根据对地质基础、矿产、火山活动以及冰川浸蚀历史和地貌现象的讨论,指出该区是研究古气候、古环境、大陆漂移和冰川冰缘地貌的极好场所;并指出该区种类全、数量多且具有南极特征的动植物和奇特的食物链关系是其成为重要生物资源区和受条约保护的特别科学兴趣场所的主要原因。     

黄壁庄水库消落区土地资源的合理利用

本文提出了水库消落区土地资源的利用问题,把水库消落区划分为常年利用区、季节性利用区和暂时性利用区.根据黄壁庄水库多年调度运行、水位变化规律,结合平山县农作物生长特性,运用频率分析计算方法,确定了3个时段(全年、3～9月、10～5月)不同保证率下的消落区土地利用高程,并估算了水库消落区土地面积和可利用土地面积,为合理利用该区土地资源,种植农作物等提供了科学依据.     

四川洪雅县农业气候资源的开发利用

农业气候资源的开发利用既包括农业气候资源在时间、空间和强度上的充分利用,也包括农业生态气候工程建设。从洪雅县农业气候资源的特点和农业生产的实际出发,作者探讨了该县农业气候资源开发利用的途径和方式,为该县农业生产提供了理论依据。     

黄山旅游气候资源的初步分析

本文对黄山旅游气候资源进行了初步分析，黄山旅游气候资源丰富，应充分开发利用，大力发展旅游业。     

开发秋季气候资源,发展再生稻生产

南充地区秋季气候资源丰富,近几年由于推广良种良法,再生稻由零星试种到区域性种植获得成功,预示着新耕作制度的出现,这是开发秋季气候资源的一项重大突破。本文以大量数据阐述发展再生稻的生产潜力,分析了再生稻的生态气候适应性,指出伏旱高温和秋季低温冷害是发展再生稻的两个不利气象条件,并将全区划分为适宜、比较适宜和不适宜3个区,提出了相应的技术措施,为趋利避害发展再生稻提供了气象科学依据。     

成都冬季典型辐射逆温过程分析

本文利用测温声雷达的探测结果，借助同期探空和地面观测资料，分析了成都平原典型辐射逆温的生消演变规律，指出了其主要特征。这些结果对气候资源利用、污染气象条件的研究等具有重要意义。     

气候遥感解译法在区域气候研究中的应用

运用遥感手段进行气候资源普查和生态气候类型的划分,是现代应用气候的一种新的研究方法,也是遥感技术应用的一个新领域。研究实践证明,遥感技术对于下垫面气候研究具有独特的功能,特别是对地方气候分析提供了新的内容和手段。本文以内蒙古兴安盟科右中旗和突泉县为列,对气候遥感解译法进行初步分析和概述,以促进该研究法在区域气候研究中更广泛地推广和应用。     

Experimental Evaluation of the Sustainability of Dwarf Bamboo (Pseudosasa usawai) Sprout-Harvesting Practices in Yangminshan National Park,Taiwan

Sustainable harvest of natural products that meets the needs of local people has been viewed by many as an important means for sustaining conservation projects. Although plants often respond to tissue damage through compensatory growth, it may not secure long-term sustainability of the populations because many plants enhance individual well-being at the expense of propagation. Sustainability may further be threatened by infrequent, large-scale events, especially ill-documented ones. We studied the impacts of sprout harvesting on sprout growth in a dwarf bamboo (Pseudosasa usawai) population that has seemingly recovered from an infrequent, large-scale masting event. Experimental results suggest that although a single sprout harvest did not significantly alter the subsequent abundance and structure of sprouts, culm damage that accompanied sprout harvesting resulted in shorter, thinner, and fewer sprouts. Weaker recovery was found in windward, continually harvested, and more severely damaged sites. These findings suggest that sprout growth of damaged dwarf bamboos is likely non-compensatory, but is instead supported through physiological integration whose strength is determined by the well-being of the supplying ramets. Healthy culms closer to the damage also provided more resources than those farther away. Sustainable harvesting of sprouts could benefit from organized community efforts to limit the magnitude of culm damage, provide adequate spacing between harvested sites, and ensure sufficient time interval between harvests. Vegetation boundaries relatively resilient to infrequent, large-scale events are likely maintained by climatic factors and may be sensitive to climate change. Continual monitoring is, therefore, integral to the sustainability of harvesting projects.     

MANAGING THE NATION'S WATER IN A CHANGING CLIMATE1

ABSTRACT: Among the many concerns associated with global climate change, the potential effects on water resources are frequently cited as the most worrisome. In contrast, those who manage water resources do not rate climatic change among their top planning and operational concerns. The difference in these views can be associated with how water managers operate their systems and the types of stresses, and the operative time horizons, that affect the Nation's water resources infrastructure. Climate, or more precisely weather, is an important variable in the management of water resources at daily to monthly time scales because water resources systems generally are operated on a daily basis. At decadal to centennial time scales, though, climate is much less important because (1) forecasts, particularly of regional precipitation, are extremely uncertain over such time periods, and (2) the magnitude of effects due to changes in climate on water resources is small relative to changes in other variables such as population, technology, economics, and environmental regulation. Thus, water management agencies find it difficult to justify changing design features or operating rules on the basis of simulated climatic change at the present time, especially given that reservoir-design criteria incorporate considerable buffering capacity for extreme meteorological and hydro-logical events.     

CLIMATE IMPACTS ON URBAN WATER RESOURCES IN THE SOUTHWES THE IMPORTANCE OF CONTEXT1

ABSTRACT: Stresses on water resources in the Southwest take many forms and emanate from many different sources, among which are complex institutional arrangements, significant areal and temporal climatic variability, and high urban growth rates. Further challenges to managing supply and demand in this water‐scarce region are posed by environmental, social, and legal differences within and between the individual urban areas. Analysis of the sensitivity of the urban water sector in the Southwest to climatic variability requires careful consideration of these factors. Such analysis, in turn, provides an essential foundation for effective evaluation of the region's sensitivity to longer term climate change.     

RECENT RESEARCH ON EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON WATER RESOURCES1

ABSTRACT: Concentrations of atmospheric CO2 and other radiatively active trace gases have risen since the Industrial Revolution. Such atmospheric modifications can alter the global climate and hydrologic cycle, in turn affecting water resources. The clear physical and biological sensitivities of water resources to climate, the indication that climate change may be occurring, and the substantial social and economic dependencies on water resources have instigated considerable research activity in the area of potential water resource impacts. We discuss how the literature on climate change and water resources responds to three basic research needs: (1) a need for water managers to clearly describe the climatic and hydrologic statistics and characteristics needed to estimate climatic impacts on water resources, (2) a need to estimate the impacts of climate change on water resources, and (3) a need to evaluate standard water management and planning methods to determine if uncertainty regarding fundamental assumptions (e.g., hydrologic stationarity) implies that these methods should be revised. The climatic and hydrologic information needs for water resource managers can be found in a number of sources. A proliferation of impact assessments use a variety of methods for generating climate scenarios, and apply both modeling approaches and historical analyses of past responses to climate fluctuations for revealing resource or system sensitivities to climate changes. Traditional techniques of water resources planning and management have been examined, yielding, for example, suggestions for new methods for incorporating climate information in real-time water management.     

云南兰花生物技术的商品化开发

云南是我国兰科植物资源最丰富的地区，云南兰花共１００属４７２种，中国传统的观赏兰花－兰属植物和具开发潜力的热带兰种类多、分布广，使云南成为天然的兰花资源基因 。近年来，采挖性的商品开发导致云南丰富的兰花资源遭到严重破坏。