多价阳离子干扰水质总硬度测定的探讨

多价阳离子干扰水质总硬度测定的探讨ＤｉｓｃｕｓｉｏｎｏｎＩｎｔｅｒｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｗｉｔｈＭｕｌｔｉｖａｌｅｎｔＰｏｓｉｔｉｖｅＩｏｎｓｏｆＨａｒｄｎｅｓＤｅｔｅｒｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｉｎＷａｔｅｒＳａｍｐｌｅ陈淑贞（福建省连江县环境监测站连江３５０５００...     

用新制蒸馏水代替重蒸蒸馏水配制测定亚硝酸盐氮、氨氮、酚的试液

用新制蒸馏水代替重蒸蒸馏水配制测定亚硝酸盐氮、氨氮、酚的试液ＣｏｍｐｏｕｎｄｅｄＴｈｅＳｏｌｕｔｉｏｎＮｉｔｒｉｔｅ－Ｎ，Ａｍｍｏｎｉａ－ＮａｎｄＰｈｅｎｏｌＷｉｔｈＮｅｗ－ｍａｄｅＤｉｓｔｉｌｅｄＷａｔｅｒｉｎｓｔｅａｄｏｆＡｆｒｅｓｈＤｉｓｔｉｌ...     

我国沿海赤潮的状况及其研究进展

我国沿海赤潮的状况及其研究进展宋春印，范志杰，郭晋萍（国家海洋环境监测中心大连１１６０２３）ＡｄｖａｎｃｅｉｎＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈａｎｄＰｒｅｖｅｎｔｉｏｎＣｏｕｎｔｅｒｍｅａｓｕｒｅｓｏｆＲｅｄＴｉｄｅｉｎｔｈｅＣｏａｓｔｏｆＣｈｉｎａ￥ＳｏｎｇＣｈｕ...     

预测流速法对250℃以上高温烟道气中烟尘测试问题探讨

预测流速法对２５０℃以上高温烟道气中烟尘测试问题探讨贾健（唐山钢铁股份公司安环处，唐山０６３０１６）关键是求得等速采样流量。现场测试主要步骤：①采样前先预测出Ｂａ、Ｔｓ、Ｐｓ、Ｖｓ、Ｘｓｗ；②依公式Ｑ（试）＝０．０４７ｄ２·Ｖｓ·（Ｔ／Ｔｓ）估算试采...     

无平衡室条件下测定TSP质量控制问题的探讨

无平衡室条件下测定ＴＳＰ质量控制问题的探讨ＤｉｓｃｕｓｓｉｏｎｏｎＱｕａｌｉｔｙＣｏｎｔｒｏｌＰｒｏｂｌｅｍｓｏｆＴＳＰＤｅｔｅｒｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎＵｎｄｅｒｎｏＥｑｕｉｌｉｂｒｉｕｍＣｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎ庄云霞（江苏省江都市环境监测站江都２２５２００）Ｔ...     

可编程序在大气分析数据统计中的应用

可编程序在大气分析数据统计中的应用ＡｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆＥｄｉｔａｂｌｅＰｒｏｇｒａｍｓｉｎＳｔａｔｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＭｏｎｉｔｏｒｉｎｇＤａｔａ高明慧（扬州市环境监测中心站扬州２２５００２）在大气连续自动监测中,监测数据的...     

过剩空气系数α应与锅炉烟尘采样同步测试

过剩空气系数α应与锅炉烟尘采样同步测试ＳｙｎｃｈｒｏｎｏｕｓＭｅａｓｕｒｉｎｇＤｉｓｃｈａｒｇｉｎｇＣｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆＳｍｏｋｅａｎｄＤｕｓｔｏｆＢｏｉｌｅｒｗｉｔｈαＣｏｅｆｉｃｉｅｎｔ刘三长（桂林市环境监测站桂林５４１００２）国家标准...     

在环境保护行政处罚中正确使用自由裁量权

在环境保护行政处罚中正确使用自由裁量权ＣｏｒｅｃｔｌｙＵｓｉｎｇＪｕｄｉｃａｔｕｒｅｏｆＡｄｍｉｎｉｓｔｒａｔｉｖｅＰｕｎｉｓｈｍｅｎｔｉｎＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＰｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ陈巨新（南京市环境保护局南京２１００１８）中华人民共和国环境保护...     

应用固相萃取富集环境空气中痕量有机化合物（续）

应用固相萃取富集环境空气中痕量有机化合物（续）ＣｏｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｒａｃｅｏｒｇａｎｉｃｖａｐｏｕｒｐｏｌｕｔａｎｔｓｉｎａｍｂｉｅｎｔａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｅｓｂｙＳＰＥ许建华（南京市环境监测中心站南京２１００１３）最大采样体积可按如下方法确定;将...     

从一起行政诉讼案例引发的思考

从一起行政诉讼案例引发的思考ＰｏｎｄｅｒａｔｉｏｎｏｎａｎＡｄｍｉｎｉｓｔｒａｔｉｖｅＬａｗｓｕｉｔＣａｓｅ朱承章单正菊（江苏省东台市环境监测站东台２２４２００）环境监测是一项政府行为。环境监测数据是行政执法的依据。监测数据是否可靠，是其是否具备法律...     

测定地表水中悬浮物的空白校正

进行了测定地表水中悬浮物空白校正与不作空白校正的对比试验 ,得出不作空白校正存在较大误差 ,认为测定地表水中悬浮物时应作空白校正。同时用测定海水中悬浮物的方法作测定地表水中悬浮物的试验 ,试验效果较好 ,符合测定要求。建议可用测定海水中悬浮物的方法来测定地表水中悬浮物     

离子色谱法测定环境空气中氯化氢降低空白值的方法

用离子色谱法测定环境空气中低浓度氯化氢,是通过测定氯离子质量浓度间接测定氯化氢的质量浓度,测定过程极易受外来氯离子的干扰,使空白值偏高。通过试验确定测定过程中可能存在氯离子干扰的环节,并采取一系列方法消除前期准备、采样和分析全过程中的干扰,以降低空白值。     

空气质量监测中现场空白测定方法探讨

探讨了空气质量监测中现场空白的测定方法,通过对封口的现场空白与实验室对白比对及采样过程现场空白吸收管开口与封口对照试验,认为采样时应对现场空白吸收管作封口处理,才能体现现场空白的真实性。     

如何提高分光光度分析的准确度

分光光度测定中,从采样、预处理、溶液配制与稀释、回归方程制作、数据计算等各个环节,都要考虑有效数字的位数是否满足要求,其对分析结果准确度有举足轻重的影响;最大吸收波长的扫描、溶液稀释方式、仪器空白值的扣除等操作环节对分析结果也会产生重要影响。     

环境监测全程序质量保证浅谈

简述了从人的意识与能力的培训到布点、采样、仪器调试、实验室质量控制、数据处理等环境监测全程序质量保证的必要性，指出了空白值测定、密码平行样、加标回收率、标准质控样等质控措施的重要性和注意事项以及审核数据时进行纵向、横向比较的方法及其重要性。     

纳氏试剂比色法测氨氮空白试验值的探讨

讨论了影响纳氏试剂比色法测氨氮空白试验值的几个重要因素,提出了降低空试验值的方法。     

碱片-离子色谱法测定硫酸盐化速率影响因素

采用碱片-离子色谱法测定空气的硫酸盐化速率,方法在硫酸盐质量浓度为1.00~20.0 mg/L范围内线性良好(r≥0.999 0);碱片剪碎或不剪碎对空白碱片中硫酸根离子质量浓度的测定无明显影响,且高低两种加标浓度的回收率均在80.0%~120%之间;对于碱片实际样品,碱片剪碎更有利于硫酸根离子的快速溶出;随浸泡时间的延长,碱片中溶出的硫酸根离子质量浓度呈上升趋势,7 h硫酸根离子基本溶出完全,从保证结果质量和节省时间的角度考虑,确定最佳浸泡时间为3.5 h,建议碱片全部采取剪碎处理。     

Evaluation of a portable nephelometer against the Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance method for monitoring PM(2.5)

Monitoring personal exposure to particle matter (PM(2.5)) in ambient air requires performing measurements using portable monitors. In this work, the portable nephelometer SidePak? AM510 Personal Aerosol Monitor manufactured by TSI Inc. was evaluated against a Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM) equipped with a Filter Dynamics Measurements System (FDMS). Conventionally, the SidePak is calibrated with respect to the Arizona Road Test Dust and then multiplied by an environmental calibration factor to yield mass concentration. To adapt this calibration to specific field conditions, we present an implementation of this calibration by introducing a growing factor correction which takes into account relative humidity and the dry and wet portions of the refractive index estimated from TEOM-FDMS measurements. PM(2.5) sampling with several SidePaks AM510 was carried out in background and rural sites in the Po Valley (Italy). Modeled SidePak data were plotted vs. reference TEOM-FDMS data which show a good agreement.     

Influence of different nitrate–N monitoring strategies on load estimation as a base for model calibration and evaluation

Model-based predictions of the impact of land management practices on nutrient loading require measured nutrient flux data for model calibration and evaluation. Consequently, uncertainties in the monitoring data resulting from sample collection and load estimation methods influence the calibration, and thus, the parameter settings that affect the modeling results. To investigate this influence, we compared three different time-based sampling strategies and four different load estimation methods for model calibration and compared the results. For our study, we used the river basin model Soil and Water Assessment Tool on the intensively managed loess-dominated Parthe watershed (315 km²) in Central Germany. The results show that nitrate–N load estimations differ considerably depending on sampling strategy, load estimation method, and period of interest. Within our study period, the annual nitrate–N load estimation values for the daily composite data set have the lowest ranges (between 9.8% and 15.7% maximum deviations related to the mean value of all applied methods). By contrast, annual estimation results for the submonthly and the monthly data set vary in greater ranges (between 24.9% and 67.7%). To show differences between the sampling strategies, we calculated the percentage deviation of mean load estimations of submonthly and monthly data sets as related to the mean estimation value of the composite data set. For nitrate–N, the maximum deviation is 64.5% for the submonthly data set in the year 2000. We used average monthly nitrate–N loads of the daily composite data set to calibrate the model to achieve satisfactory simulation results [Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) 0.52]. Using the same parameter settings with submonthly and monthly data set, the NSE dropped to 0.42 and 0.31, respectively. Considering the different results from the monitoring strategy and the load estimation method, we recommend both the implementation of optimized monitoring programs and the use of multiple load estimation methods to improve water quality characterization and provide appropriate model calibration and evaluation data.     

氨氮实验室空白偏高的影响因素研究

利用排除法对影响氨氮实验室空白测定的各种因素进行了考察。结果表明,固定剂硫酸的添加不会引起空白值偏高。滤纸因含有铵盐会引起空白偏高,但可采取用去离子水浸泡的方法消除。絮凝沉淀过程中应避免将水体pH调至9.0左右。在水体pH=9.0左右时,沉淀物颗粒尺寸最小,过滤时渗入滤后液中,影响吸光度;过滤后的滤液pH会降低,导致滤液中重新析出沉淀物,也影响吸光度。