淮河干流河南段水质预测模型试验研究

淮河干流在河南省境内总长417 km,随着区域经济的发展和人口的增长,淮河干流水环境质量形势不容乐观。根据水体扩散理论,建立了淮河干流水质预测相关模型,并进行了科学验证。对淮河干流河南段氨氮、化学需氧量衰减系数及富氧和耗氧系数4个项目开展现场试验及科学分析,为水资源保护规划中计算水体纳污能力、预测污染物浓度、制定污染物控制方案等提供坚实基础和技术支持。     

淮河污染浅析

淮河治污一直是各级环保部门较为关注的问题。本文从淮河污染源排放、水资源利用、产业结构以及农村面源污染方面对淮河流域污染成因进行了初步探讨,并根据线性模型对淮河水质进行了验证和预测,同时提出了一些污染治理建议。     

淮河干流江苏段着生藻类群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

为了解淮河干流江苏段着生藻类群落结构时空变化特征及其与环境因子的关系,于2020年11月—2021年7月分4个季节布设5个断面采样调查。结果表明：该河段共检出着生藻类5门36属39种,物种组成以硅藻、绿藻和蓝藻为主,占比分别为35.90%、33.33%和23.08%;着生藻类群落结构虽然在空间上未出现显著差异,但呈现秋季＞冬季＞春季＞夏季的季节变化趋势;alpha多样性指数和beta多样性距离分析均显示,着生藻类群落变化主要体现在季节差异上,夏季和冬季较春季和秋季变异程度更高;环境因子冗余分析（dbRDA）表明,影响着生藻类群落结构在不同季节之间演替的环境因子各不相同,总氮是营养盐指标中唯一显著的影响因子。     

海河干流(市区段)表层沉积物重金属污染及变化趋势分析

根据1990—2006年监测资料,对海河干流（市区段）沉积物中重金属的现状和变化趋势进行了分析,采用地积累指数和Hakanson危害指数对海河干流（市区段）沉积物重金属富集现状和对水生生物危害进行评估。结果显示：海河干流（市区段）表层沉积物除Zn外,均呈现污染下降趋势。海河干流（市区段）沉积物中重金属对生物潜在危害顺序为Cd〉Hg〉As〉Cu〉Pb〉Cr〉Zn,各项指标对生物潜在危害性上游大于下游。     

辽宁大伙房水库水体中氮、磷污染的变化趋势及其防治对策

讨论了大伙房水库水体中的氮、磷污染状况及来源 ,提出了防治氮、磷污染的方案     

骆马湖水体氮污染特征分析

通过对骆马湖2005年水质监测,并结合近几年的监测资料,对结果进行了分析。结果表明,氮是骆马湖水体的主要污染指标之一,主要是总氮、氨氮和硝酸盐氮污染,其主要污染特征是入湖河流、降水、围网养殖和点源带来的污染。针对实际提出了骆马湖整治的建议。     

4·14淮河石油污染事件浅析

通过4.14淮河石油污染事故中环境监测的相关工作,折射出环境监测工作在环境污染事故中的重要地位,并由此次事故中总结出相关经验和不足,希望通过此次事故能够进一步加强环境监管工作,积极做好环境应急预案,并能够从更多方面给予环境监测工作支援和加强。     

淮河还清 前景有望

２０００年１２月３１日是淮河水质还清达标的最后期限。将淮河流域断面划分为有生态保护功能和生态保护功能两大类及按重要断面,一般控制断面,监管断面确定水质控制指标值。     

宁波市环境空气中VOCs污染状况及变化趋势分析

基于近7年来的连续监测数据,对宁波市环境空气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)的污染状况及变化趋势进行了初步分析。研究表明:在宁波市环境空气中检测出94种VOCs,其主要成分是饱和烷烃、芳烃、烯烃、卤代烃、卤代芳烃、含氧有机物等,有37种属有毒有害物质,其中苯系物含量最高;宁波市环境空气中苯系物的污染程度与国内外城市基本处于同一水平,近年来的污染状况变化不大,没有明显恶化;空间分布特征显示一类保护区VOCs的排放以天然源为主,二类各功能区VOCs的排放由天然源和局部人为污染源共同形成,三类区以工业污染源排放为主;时间变化趋势显示VOCs在冬季和春季的平均浓度比其他季节高,VOCs的日变化基本呈现2个主浓度峰值特征,跟城市交通流量变化具有很好相关性。     

白银市区大气中含硫化合物污染状况及变化趋势

硫酸盐化速率能够比较客观地反映大气中二氧化硫及其它含硫化合物污染状况,通过对白银市区2001年~2005年大气硫酸盐化速率的监测数据统计分析,研究了工业型与煤烟型混合污染城市环境空气中含硫化合物的污染现状及变化趋势,并对硫酸盐化速率和二氧化硫年均浓度进行了相关分析。     

Spatial scales and probability based sampling in determining levels of benthic community degradation in the Chesapeake Bay

The extent of degradation of benthic communities of the Chesapeake Bay was determined by applying a previously developed benthic index of biotic integrity at three spatial scales. Allocation of sampling was probability-based allowing areal estimates of degradation with known confidence intervals. The three spatial scales were: (1) the tidal Chesapeake Bay; (2) the Elizabeth River watershed; and (3) two small tidal creeks within the Southern Branch of the Elizabeth River that are part of a sediment contaminant remediation effort. The areas covered varied from 10^–1 to 10⁴ km² and all were sampled in 1999. The Chesapeake Bay was divided into ten strata, the Elizabeth River into five strata and each of the two tidal creeks was a single stratum. The determination of the number and size of strata was based upon consideration of both managerially useful units for restoration and limitations of funding. Within each stratum 25 random locations were sampled for benthic community condition. In 1999 the percent of the benthos with poor benthic community condition for the entire Chesapeake Bay was 47% and varied from 20% at the mouth of the Bay to 72% in the Potomac River. The estimated area of benthos with poor benthic community condition for the Elizabeth River was 64% and varied from 52–92%. Both small tidal creeks had estimates of 76% of poor benthic community condition. These kinds of estimates allow environmental managers to better direct restoration efforts and evaluate progress towards restoration. Patterns of benthic community condition at smaller spatial scales may not be correctly inferred from larger spatial scales. Comparisons of patterns in benthic community condition across spatial scales, and between combinations of strata, must be cautiously interpreted.     

袁河袁州区段溶解氧过饱和成因分析及防治

2020年8月15日袁河袁州区段(棚下-袁河水厂取水口)出现溶解氧过饱和现象,为了解该河段溶解氧的变化及提高河道流量前后对水生态环境的影响,将该段河道分为6个监测断面,于8月16—24日监测每个监测点的常规水质、浮游植物群落结构、溶解氧和实时流量.结果表明:自然状态下袁河袁州区段溶解氧沿水流方向从6.8 mg/L逐渐增...     

An approach for identifying the causes of benthic degradation in Chesapeake Bay

We developed an index to differentiate between low dissolved oxygen effects and sediment contamination effects for sites classified as degraded by the Chesapeake Bay Benthic Index of Biotic Integrity (B-IBI), using discriminant analysis. We tested 126 metrics for differences between sites with low dissolved oxygen and sites with contaminated sediments. A total of 16 benthic community metrics met the variable selection criteria and were used to develop a discriminant function that classified degraded sites into one of two stress groups. The resulting discriminant function correctly classified 77% of the low dissolved oxygen sites and 80% of the contaminated sites in the validation data.     

2013—2020年泸沽湖溶解氧随时间变化规律及主要影响因素分析

泸沽湖坐落于川滇交界处,是中国典型高原淡水湖泊。对泸沽湖水质的客观评价对于其规划保护及保护成效评估极为重要。鉴于溶解氧常常成为决定泸沽湖水质类别的唯一关键指标,在综合分析泸沽湖2013—2020年连续8年水环境主要指标变化的基础上,着重分析了溶解氧随季节、年际等的变化情况及其主要影响因素。结果表明,溶解氧浓度及饱和率存在明显的季节和年际波动。其中:溶解氧浓度一般是在春季升至全年最高,夏季末降低,并在秋冬季维持低位;溶解氧饱和率则是夏秋季节最高,冬季最低。溶解氧浓度的季节变化与水温显著负相关,而溶解氧饱和率的季节变化和水温、pH显著正相关;溶解氧浓度及饱和率的年际变化与水质主要指标均不存在显著相关关系。受高海拔低气压影响,虽然采取了大气压和温度补偿校准,但泸沽湖溶解氧浓度仍不易达到Ⅰ类水质标准限值(7.5 mg/L);而优良的水质加之茂盛的水生植被使得其溶解氧饱和率长期处于较高水平,可以达到Ⅰ类标准限值(90%)。因此,在自然环境特征类似于泸沽湖的水质优良高原湖泊,优先以饱和率作为溶解氧的评价指标更为合理。     

松花江底栖动物分布规律及与理化评价差异研究

2012—2015年对松花江干流11个断面21个点位进行底栖动物群落监测,在7种单一指数评价的基础上运用简单的叠加法进行综合评价,并与常规理化监测与评价进行了比较。结果显示,与2012年相比,2013年松花江干流底栖动物物种较丰富,各点位评价结果有所提升;2015年摆渡镇-同江段多为清洁等级,水环境生态质量稳中趋好,下游改善明显。结果显示,生物学评价与理化评价存在明显的差异,在水质改善的过程中生物学评价更灵敏、更显著。     

Dissolved Oxygen Conditions in Northern Gulf of Mexico Estuaries

Because deficient dissolved oxygen (DO) levels may have severe detrimental effects on estuarine and marine life, DO has been widely used as an indicator of ecological conditions by environmental monitoring programs. The U.S. EPA's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program for Estuaries (EMAP-E) monitored DO conditions in the estuaries of the Gulf of Mexico from 1991 to 1994. DO was measured in two ways: 1) instantaneous profiles from the surface to the bottom were taken during the day, and 2) continuous measurements were taken near the bottom at 15 min intervals for at least 12 h. This information was summarized to assess the spatial distribution and severity of DO conditions in these estuaries. Depending on the criteria used to define hypoxia (DO concentrations usually <2 mg L-1 or <5 mg L-1) and the method by which DO is measured, we estimate that between 5.2 and 29.3% of the total estuarine area in the Louisianian Province was affected by low DO conditions.     

右江百色水库下游断面低溶解氧形成原因分析

广西右江东笋断面溶解氧(DO)呈现5—11月浓度较低,12月及1—4月浓度较高的变化规律。从水温、藻类呼吸、沉积物耗氧、有机物耗氧、上游来水等方面分析了东笋断面低DO形成的原因。结果表明,5—11月东笋断面DO浓度较低,主要是受夏季高温和水利工程运行等非污染型因素的影响。右江流域夏秋季水温较高,限制了水体DO浓度的上限。热分层现象导致百色水库中层水体DO浓度较低,而水利枢纽发电时的下泄水正是中层水体,因此,下泄水DO浓度低是导致5—11月东笋断面DO浓度低的主要原因。东笋河段沉积物和有机物耗氧对DO浓度的影响很小,藻类呼吸作用对DO浓度的影响有限。