剩余污泥热碱处理及其对污泥厌氧消化的强化研究进展

剩余污泥的处理处置已成为污水处理厂面临的一个重大挑战。厌氧消化是一种常用的污泥处理方法。传统的污泥厌氧消化存在许多不足,而污泥热碱处理能使之改善。综述了近年来污泥热碱处理的研究,从热碱处理的机理出发,总结了热碱处理对污泥性质和厌氧消化的影响,分析了影响污泥热碱处理效果的因素,并通过能耗分析讨论了热碱处理强化污泥厌氧消化的可行性,最后指出污泥热碱处理及其强化污泥厌氧消化存在的问题,并提出了建议和展望。     

污泥发酵产酸强化技术研究及应用进展

污水氮磷排放不达标,剩余污泥处理率低是当前污水处理厂亟待解决的两大问题。由剩余污泥厌氧水解发酵产生的挥发性脂肪酸,可以作为易生物利用的碳源提高污水脱氮除磷效率,因此如何获取富含挥发性脂肪酸的污泥发酵液,实现污水与污泥的共同治理受到了广泛关注。该文综述了国内外污泥厌氧发酵产酸的研究进展;介绍了影响污泥发酵产酸过程的各因素(主要包括pH值、温度、停留时间、氧化还原电位、碳氮比等)及作用机理;重点阐述了各种提高水解效率及产酸量的强化技术(超声、热、碱、臭氧及生物强化等)及其优缺点;基于可行性和成本效益,分析了现行强化技术存在的不足;并提出了后续研究的问题和方向。     

超声波处理污泥厌氧消化中试研究

研究了厌氧消化工艺启动及其影响因素,并在厌氧消化稳定的情况下,对比不同投配率下,投加超声波处理剩余污泥和原泥的产气量,分析超声波处理对厌氧消化的作用效果,并分析了不同超声波污泥投配率对产气量的影响.同时试验亦研究了稳定条件下对照组和试验组NH3-N的变化情况.     

过硫酸盐在污泥处理中的应用

污水处理厂剩余污泥处理问题已成为影响中国城市化进程健康发展的重要因素。为提高剩余污泥的脱水及厌氧消化性能,需对其进行预处理,以破坏污泥絮体结构,强化其脱水性能;释放胞内物质,改善其厌氧消化性能。过硫酸盐具有氧化能力强和易于活化等特性,国内外学者将其应用于污泥处理中,发现过硫酸盐活化后产生的SO_4~-·可以有效破解污泥絮体结构,导致污泥絮体内水分和污泥细胞内含物的释放。利用SO_4~-·破解污泥絮体,以提高污泥的脱水性和消化性能是一种较为可行的污泥处理方案。该文尝试梳理已发表的关于使用过硫酸盐处理污泥的研究,对过硫酸盐的活化方法及其在污泥处理中的作用机理和处理效果进行总结,探讨其在处理城市剩余污泥方向的应用前景。     

污水厂超声污泥厌氧消化性能的对比研究

利用超声技术分别对武汉市龙王嘴和汤逊湖两污水处理厂的浓缩污泥进行破解处理.采用半连续流中温厌氧消化实验,研究超声预处理对不同污水处理厂剩余污泥厌氧消化性能的影响.结果表明,与传统污泥消化工艺相比,超声预处理能明显提高污泥厌氧消化的日产气量和消化效率,使污泥产气更加稳定.并且相对于传统消化污泥,超声消化污泥的沉降性更好,...     

剩余污泥共厌氧消化改善脱水性能研究

为改善剩余污泥厌氧消化脱水性能,减少后续处理费用,研究了剩余污泥添加废物酒精糟液在高温(55℃)下共厌氧消化后污泥脱水性能,并对影响脱水性能因素进行了回归分析。结果表明:共厌氧消化提高了剩余污泥的碳氮比、有机负荷和产气率,减少了胞外聚合物中有机成分蛋白质和碳水化合物含量,增加颗粒尺寸,明显提高厌氧污泥脱水性能。当进样总体积为450mL、剩余污泥与酒精糟液二者体积比为2:1、污泥停留时间为11.1d时,厌氧消化污泥的脱水性能最好,毛细吸收时间为127s;当有机负荷继续提高时会出现酸化现象,可导致厌氧污泥脱水性能变差。对厌氧消化污泥脱水性能影响明显的因素是污泥颗粒尺寸、紧密粘附胞外聚合物含量。     

炼油污水处理场剩余污泥中温厌氧消化研究

对锦州石化公司炼油污水处理场的剩余污泥进行中温厌氧消化小试,考察厌氧消化工艺的可行性。研究结果表明,经过厌氧消化处理后,COD、有机成分去除率均达到80%左右,同时降低了污泥的含水率,减少了污泥脱水的药剂用量,提高了污泥的脱水性能,可实现剩余污泥的稳定化和减量化。     

微波及其组合工艺强化污泥厌氧消化研究

为提高剩余污泥的厌氧消化效能和脱水性能,考察了微波及其组合污泥预处理工艺的强化污泥厌氧消化效果,同时考察了预处理-厌氧消化过程的污泥理化特征及其脱水性能.结果表明,微波及其组合工艺可以强化污泥厌氧消化产甲烷,其中微波-过氧化氢-碱(0.2)的强化效果最为显著,不仅30 d累计产甲烷量比对照组增加了13.34%,而且产甲烷速率也得到了提升.与单独微波处理相比,过氧化氢、碱的投加显著提高了溶解性COD的释放量,这表明微波、过氧化氢、碱之间的协同作用能有效破碎污泥,进而强化厌氧消化效果;微波-酸预处理后的污泥具有良好的脱水性能,毛细吸水时间(CST)只有9.85 s,污泥脱水性能的改善与其表面电性、粒径分布的变化密切相关;不同预处理条件下的污泥经过厌氧消化后,污泥脱水性能较为接近.     

白龙港污水处理厂污泥厌氧消化启动试验研究

分析了上海白龙港污水处理厂的化学污泥和剩余污泥的性质,在此基础上分别研究了以化学污泥、剩余污泥、化学污泥和剩余污泥组成的混合污泥为接种污泥,对比研究了三种污泥的厌氧消化启动,结果表明,从产气量和有机物降解率分析,三种污泥作为厌氧消化的种泥都是可行的,启动优先顺序为化学污泥>混合污泥>剩余污泥,但考虑到化学污泥进行厌氧消化后出泥脱水性能差,建议采用化学污泥和剩余污泥的混合污泥进行启动。     

剩余污泥处理处置过程中的流变学问题

城市污水处理厂的广泛建设和运营导致剩余污泥产生量急剧增加并引发了新的环境问题,而如何妥善处理处置剩余污泥则成了国内外环保届普遍关注的问题。由于剩余污泥非牛顿流体的属性,流变行为在其处理处置的过程中起着重要影响作用,特别是在污泥脱水、化学调理、厌氧消化和管道输送等环节。文章通过从剩余污泥处理处置所涉及到的流变学问题出发,分析了剩余污泥流变行为在优化"厌氧消化、管道运输、分形结构、污泥脱水"等环节的指导性作用,总结归纳了当前相关方面研究存在的问题,并提出进一步关注的研究方向。     

剩余污泥预处理技术概览

全球气候大会以及中国政府在CO2减排方面的承诺使剩余污泥厌氧消化产生能源这一老生常谈的问题再次受到关注.污泥生物细胞裂解/水解是限制厌氧消化效率的重要瓶颈,而污泥预处理技术可有效提高细胞破裂、水解效果,最大限度地发掘出剩余污泥中的有机能源.目前全球研发的污泥预处理技术多种多样,其中既有具备工程应用经验的超声波、聚焦脉冲...     

腐殖质对污泥厌氧消化的影响及其屏蔽方法

《巴黎气候协定》的签署意味着污水处理碳中和运行时代的来临,这就需要将剩余污泥尽可能最大程度地转化为可再生能源—甲烷(CH4).细胞破壁、木质纤维素破稳及腐殖质解抑制是提高污泥厌氧消化能源转化率的主要技术手段.相对于细胞与木质纤维素,腐殖质不仅结构更为复杂、自身难以生物降解,而且还会抑制其它有机物水解.虽然腐殖质亦有促进酸化、产氢/乙酸、产甲烷过程的微弱可能,但它对水解过程的抑制是肯定的、显著的、难以逆转的.因此,需要深入了解污泥中腐殖质来源、形成、结构及性质,综合分析它对污泥厌氧消化水解、酸化、产氢/乙酸、产甲烷阶段的各种影响,探讨消除腐殖质抑制水解过程的不同技术路径,重点描述外加金属离子对腐殖质的屏蔽作用.以期为提高污泥厌氧消化能源转化率制定可行的技术路线.     

市政污水处理厂工艺运行探讨

目的在于探讨影响市政污水处理厂运行效果的工艺因素,提出可行的调控措施。通过对某市政污水处理厂2年的运行结果分析表明,有机物和悬浮物(SS)受水质和工艺等因素的影响较小,出水一般可以达标;NH3-N、TN去除效率偏低的原因除生物处理池水力停留时间(HRT)过短、有机负荷率偏高、好氧段曝气不均匀外,还与污泥消化上清液直接进入污水处理系统等有关;同样,TP和PO43--P的去除效率受污泥消化上清液和剩余污泥回流的影响也较大。研究认为,污水厂的二沉池富磷剩余污泥不宜直接回到初沉池浓缩处理,污泥消化和脱水上清液应除磷后再回到污水处理系统。     

石化废水剩余污泥厌氧消化预处理技术

石化废水剩余污泥在厌氧消化时,污泥停留时间长,且产气量较低,并且反应器容积较大,所需资金投入较高。污泥厌氧消化预处理能够改变污泥特性,缩短了后续消化时间,提高甲烷产量,减少剩余污泥量。综述了各种污泥预处理技术的最新进展,分析了石化污泥厌氧消化预处理的可行性。     

Production and application of anaerobic granular sludge produced by landfill

Sludge granulation is considered to be the most critical parameter governing successful operation of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket and expanded granular sludge bed(EGSB)reactors.Pre-granulated seeding sludge could greatly reduce the required start- up time.Two lab-scale and a pilot-scale EGSB reactors were operated to treat Shaoxing Wastewater Treatment Plant(SWWTP) containing wastewater from real engineering printing and dyeing with high pH and sulfate concentration.The microbiological structure and the particle size distribution in aerobic excess sludge,sanitary landfill sludge digested for one year,and the granular sludge of EGSB reactor after 400 d of operation were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and sieves.The lab-scale EGSB reactor seeded with anaerobic sludge after digestion for one year in landfill showed obviously better total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD)removal efficiency than one seeded with aerobic excess sludge after cation polyacrylamide flocculation-concentration and dehydration.The TCOD removed was 470.8 mg/L in pilot scale EGSB reactor at short hydraulic retention time of 15 h.SEM of sludge granules showed that the microbiological structure of the sludge from different sources showed some differences.SEM demonstrated that Methanobacterium sp.was present in the granules of pilot-scale EGSB and the granular sludge produced by landfill contained a mixture of anaerobic/anoxic organisms in abundance.The particle size distribution in EGSB demonstrated that using anaerobic granular sludge produced by sanitary landfill as the seeding granular sludge was feasible.     

Production and the application of anaerobic granular sludge produced by landfill

Sludge granulation is considered to be the most critical parameter governing successful operation of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket and expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactors. Pre-granulated seeding sludge could greatly reduce the required start-up time. Two lab-scale and a pilot-scale EGSB reactors were operated to treat Shaoxing Wastewater Treatment Plant containing wastewater from real engineering printing and dyeing with high pH and sulfate concentration. The microbiological structure and the particle size distribution in aerobic excess sludge, sanitary landfill sludge digested for one year, and the granular sludge of EGSB reactor after 400 d of operation were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and sieves. The lab-scale EGSB reactor seeded with anaerobic sludge after digestion for one year in landfill showed obviously better total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) removal efficiency than one seeded with aerobic excess sludge after cation polyacrylamide flocculation-concentration and dehydration. The TCOD removed was 470.8 mg/L in pilot scale EGSB reactor at short hydraulic retention time of 15 h. SEM of sludge granules showed that the microbiological structure of the sludge from different sources showed some differences. SEM demonstrated that Methanobacterium sp. was present in the granules of pilot-scale EGSB and the granular sludge produced by landfill contained a mixture of anaerobic/anoxic organisms in abundance. The particle size distribution in EGSB demonstrated that using anaerobic granular sludge produced by sanitary landfill as the seeding granular sludge was feasible.     

Treating both wastewater and excess sludge with an innovative process

The innovative process consists of biological unit for wastewater treatment and ozonation unit for excess sludge treatment. An aerobic membrane bioreactor( MBR ) was used to remove organics and nitrogen, and an anaerobic reactor was added to the biological unit for the release of phosphorus contained at aerobic sludge to enhance the removal of phosphorus. For the excess sludge produced in the MBR, which was fed to ozone contact column and reacted with ozone, then the ozonated sludge was returned to the MBR for further biological treatment. Experimental results showed that this process could remove organics, nitrogen and phosphorus efficiently, and the removals for COD, NH3-N, TN and TP were 93.17%, 97.57%, 82.77% and 79.5%, respectively. Batch test indicated that the specific nitrification rate and specific denitrifieation rate of the MBR were 1.03 mg NH3-N/(gMLSS^ h) and 0.56 mg NOx-N/(gMLSS^ h), and denitrification seems to be the rate-limiting step. Under the test conditions, the sludge concentration in the MBR was kept at 5000--6000 rng/L, and the wasted sludge was ozenated at an ozone dosage of 0.10 kgO3/kgSS. During the experimental period of two months, no excess sludge was wasted, and a zero withdrawal of excess sludge was implemented. Through economic analysis, it was found that an additional ozonation operating cost for treatment of both wastewater and excess sludge was only 0. 045 RMB Yuan( USD 0.0054)/m^3 wastewater.     

pH对污泥厌氧消化过程中抗生素降解迁移的影响

抗生素作为一种新型污染物,可随着城市污水厂中污泥的处理处置单元最终进入环境中,对人类健康造成潜在威胁.以城市污水厂的剩余污泥为研究对象,考察在不同初始p H(p H=5.5、6.5、7.5、8.5、9.5、10.5)条件下,12种抗生素在污泥厌氧消化过程中降解迁移的规律.结果显示,p H为7.5时,总抗生素去除率最高,为55.7%;p H为5.5时,总抗生素去除率最低,仅为21.7%.厌氧消化后,抗生素明显由固相向液相迁移,且总抗生素去除率与其固相迁移至液相的抗生素含量显著相关.     

废铁屑强化污泥厌氧消化产甲烷可行性分析

有关全球气候变化的《巴黎协定》落槌,预示着污水处理追求碳中和运行的时代已经来临.碳中和狭义理解即能源自给自足,这就要求污水处理厂应最大程度转化污水中有机物或产生的剩余污泥所蕴含的有机能源,并将其生成可再生能源——甲烷.然而,剩余污泥能源转化率较低一直都是限制厌氧消化技术广为应用的瓶颈.在污泥预处理技术之外,向厌氧消化系统中投加废铁屑强化甲烷生产有望成为另一个提高能源转化率的突破口,继而实现"以废促能、变废为宝"的目的.本综述从铁腐蚀析氢现象入手,在描述铁腐蚀析氢原理、析出H2对产CH4过程影响的基础上,对铁在厌氧系统ORP减少方面的作用、对厌氧微生物生理、生化特性的影响、对涉及微生物酶活的影响等进行了全面的介绍.最后,还通过生命周期评估(LCA)评价了基于废铁屑的污泥厌氧消化技术对环境的影响及经济合理性.