河北环境工程学院实施生活垃圾分类及资源化利用

<正>河北环境工程学院实施生活垃圾分类及资源化利用,是全面贯彻落实习近平总书记关于普遍推行垃圾分类制度的重要指示和河北省人民政府《关于加强城市生活垃圾分类工作的意见》的要求,是彰显学校环境教育特色的具体体现,是提升学生自我管理和服务能力的内在需求,是提升学生思想道德水平和环境素养的有效载体,努力实现"教育一个学生、带动一个家庭、文明整个社会"的良好效果。2019年年初,学校专门成立了校园生活垃圾分类工作办公室和校园垃圾分类及资源化利用项目组,各     

垃圾分类收费推进我国城市垃圾分类收集的探讨

我国城市生活垃圾产生量逐渐增大，严重威胁人体健康及城市环境。分类收集是实现废弃物减量化、资源化、无害化的有效手段。我国城市生活垃圾分类收集状况不佳，大部分城市均为混合收集，给垃圾处理和城市环境带来了巨大压力。本文从国外发达国家城市生活垃圾分类收费促进生活垃圾分类收集的成功经验出发，提出几点推动我国垃圾分类的对策。     

试论居民有机生活垃圾处置的最佳模式

垃圾分类收集基础上的资源化再利用是处理城市固体废弃物的可行思路,但分类处置在哪种环节操作更具有合理性困惑着管理者的实际选择。为此,本文以上海为例,基于浦东新区"十二五"生活垃圾分类减量专项规划,对小区生化处理机源头消纳与分类收集集中生化处置模式进行了成本收益分析,指出当前适于居民有机垃圾分类减量的最佳模式仍是分类收集集中生化处置模式。只有当居民按量计征垃圾收费等对群体激励的制度出台后才有望驱动小区生化处理机使用。     

城市生活垃圾分类系统建设研究

中国城市在生活垃圾分类系统建设中存在全流程建设、资源化产业发展、多元主体共治、观念思维宣传均不足的问题。完整的城市生活垃圾分类系统是一个系统性工程,城市生活垃圾分类系统建设要重视末端建设,支持环保产业链发展,政府部门协同上下联动,同时要做好垃圾分类价值理念宣传。     

城市生活垃圾资源化存在的问题与对策探讨

对我国城市生活垃圾的构成及资源利用现状进行了介绍,分析了生活垃圾资源化存在的问题,探讨了资源化利用途径以及提高资源化利用水平的措施,提出了垃圾治理可持续发展的思路,为生活垃圾走资源化之路指明方向。     

城市生活垃圾资源化存在的问题与对策探讨

对我国城市生活垃圾的构成及资源利用现状进行了介绍,分析了生活垃圾资源化存在的问题,探讨了资源化利用途径以及提高资源化利用水平的措施,提出了垃圾治理可持续发展的思路,为生活垃圾走资源化之路指明方向。     

分类收集对我国城市生活垃圾处理处置的影响探析

城市生活垃圾分类收集是实现生活垃圾高效资源化和无害化处理的必然途径。垃圾分类制度的正式实行,使城市生活垃圾收运模式得到了优化,节约了填埋场库容,降低了填埋场失稳风险和焚烧烟气中的重金属含量。我国于2019年在全国范围内实施生活垃圾分类制度,全面推进了城市生活垃圾分类收集工作。分类收集对我国城市生活垃圾处理处置所产生的影响引起了业界广泛关注。通过文献调研,总结和分析了我国城市生活垃圾分类收集的现状及分类收集对生活垃圾不同处理处置方式的影响研究现状及进展,以期为我国更好地规划和管理生活垃圾处理处置及相关研究提供参考。     

加快推进生活垃圾分类资源化体系建设

垃圾分类和资源化利用是解决我国生活垃圾处理问题的根本途径。自2015年起,《生态文明体制改革总体方案》、中央财经领导小组第十四次会议、《生活垃圾分类制度实施方案》《“无废城市”建设试点工作方案》,以及修订后的《中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境防治法》提出并逐步推行生活垃圾分类制度,建立垃圾分类相关法律法规和标准体系,形成可复制、可推广的生活垃圾分类模式;同时,要求加快建立生活垃圾分类投放、分类收集、分类运输、分类处理的生活垃圾管理系统,实现生活垃圾分类制度有效覆盖。     

高校生活垃圾分类回收及资源化探讨

本文通过对高校生活垃圾组成的调查，探讨了教学区、宿舍区、食堂等区域生活垃圾的分类回收模式，并对废纸、废塑料、废金属、废电池、餐厨垃圾等资源化利用的可行性进行了分析，建议通过加强宣传工作，健全管理机制，完善资源化市场体系等途径对高校生活垃圾进行分类回收及资源化。     

以垃圾分类为切入点构建大学全方位育人模式——以河北环境工程学院为例

垃圾分类是环境保护工作的有机组成部分,高校作为培养社会主义建设者和接班人的重要基地,应起到先锋作用。河北环境工程学院(以下简称河环院)以学生为主体,通过组建科研团队、开展科研活动、编制教材和标准、开展宣教活动、开设垃圾分类课程、打造示范基地等方式将垃圾分类融入全校师生的学习和生活之中,促进了垃圾分类工作的有序开展。在总结河环院开展垃圾分类工作一系列做法的基础上,创新性地提出以学生为主体建设垃圾分类与资源化利用的新思路。     

Critical review of industrial and medical waste practices in Dar es Salaam City

Industrial and medical wastes constitute a larger part on what is known as ‘hazardous wastes’. The production of these wastes is and will continue to be an on going phenomenon as long as human civilization persists. The health impacts of direct and indirect exposure to hazardous wastes include carcinogenic effects, reproductive system damage, respiratory effects, central nervous system effects, and many others. Today, many developed countries have legal provisions with regard to proper management of hazardous wastes. Tanzania, like many developing countries, has little emphasis on the proper handling and disposal of hazardous wastes. There is a serious inadequacy in handling industrial and medical solid wastes in the Dar es Salaam City. Improper waste deposition is increasingly becoming a potential public health risk and an environmental burden. Due to poor control of waste, industrialists and hospital owners are not well checked on how they handle and dispose of the wastes they produce with the result that many hazardous wastes reach the Vingunguti dumpsite without notice. Data on waste generation in Dar es Salaam is also inadequate, making it difficult to plan an efficient solid waste system. Promotion of public awareness, legislation and regulations enforcement and establishment of a proper sanitary landfill are considered to be principal remedial measures to ensure sound environmental maintenance. This paper summarizes the findings of the study on the practices of industrial and medical waste management in Dar es Salaam. The author aims to express the inadequacy in hazardous waste management and suggests possible measures to be applied in order to rectify the situation.     

城市垃圾与可持续发展

论述了城市垃圾问题的现状。指出要实现城市的可持续发展，必须实现思想意识上的革命性转变，将垃圾视为推动经济、社会持续发展的“资源”，有效地管理和综合利用垃圾，使垃圾为人类造福。     

Survey of household waste composition and quantities in Abuja,Nigeria

Inadequate management of household solid waste is a serious problem in many developing cities. The study aimed to evaluate the quantities and composition of household solid waste generation in Abuja within different socioeconomic groups. The wastes from 74 households across different socioeconomic levels in Abuja were collected, weighted and classified on a daily basis for seven days in February 2012. The result showed that the average daily per capita household waste generation is 0.634 kg/capita/day. The characteristic of solid waste in Abuja are typical for the developing cities and dominated by organic waste. Households waste consisted of 63.6% organic waste, 9.7% paper, 8.7% plastics, 3.2% metal, 2.6% glass, 1.6% textile and 10.6% others (unclassified) and the bulk density was 240 kg/m³. The evaluation of relationship between income and daily per capita household waste generation showed a positive relationship. The study revealed a statistically significant difference between household size and daily per capita household waste generation in high-income group; a slight significant difference between household size and daily per capita household waste generation in medium income group and no statistically significant difference between household size and daily per capita household waste generation in low-income group.     

Medical waste management in Korea

The management of medical waste is of great importance due to its potential environmental hazards and public health risks. In the past medical waste was often mixed with municipal solid waste and disposed of in residential waste landfills or improper treatment facilities (e.g. inadequately controlled incinerators) in Korea. In recent years, many efforts have been made by environmental regulatory agencies and waste generators to better manage the waste from healthcare facilities. This paper presents an overview of the current management practices of medical waste in Korea. Information regarding generation, composition, segregation, transportation, and disposal of medical wastes is provided and discussed. Medical waste incineration is identified as the most preferred disposal method and will be the only available treatment option in late 2005. Faced with increased regulations over toxic air emissions (e.g. dioxins and furans), all existing small incineration facilities that do not have air pollution control devices will cease operation in the next few years. Large-scale medical waste incinerators would be responsible for the treatment of medical waste generated by most healthcare facilities in Korea. It is important to point out that there is a great potential to emit air toxic pollutants from such incinerators if improperly operated and managed, because medical waste typically contains a variety of plastic materials such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Waste minimization and recycling, control of toxic air emissions at medical waste incinerators, and alternative treatment methods to incineration are regarded to be the major challenges in the future.     

Geological and technical characterisation of Iscehisar (Afyon-Turkey) marble deposits and the impact of marble waste on environmental pollution

Turkey, due to its location in the Alpine-Himalayan belt, has numerous marble deposits. More than 250 marble types with different colours and patterns have been produced from these deposits and one hundred of these are well known around the world. One such well-known marble type is Afyon-Iscehisar. Afyon-Iscehisar is Palaeozoic in age and has been quarried since the era of the Roman empire. The Afyon region is known as one of the most important marble production and processing centres in Turkey. The Afyon province, which possesses 3.5% of exploitable marble reserves (3,872,000,000 tonne) in Turkey, yields 9% of the total marble block production. The 409 marble processing plants in Afyon produce 19% of the total slab in Turkey. As a result of marble production activities, approximately 340,000 tonne of marble waste has accumulated in the area. While some of these unshaped marble blocks are re-used and returned to the economy, the majority are discarded. There are two waste marble storage fields located in the Afyon-Iscehisar region. All of the solid and fine-grained marble waste is stored in waste marble storage fields in Susuz Bo?az? and in the nearby Iscehisar marble quarries. The ecological effects of the marble waste, which were once discharged everywhere and exhibited visual pollution, has now been reduced to a minimal level.     

“三废”资源化利用探讨

针对我国环境污染严重,资源、能源利用率低的现状,胜利油田积极开展“三废”资源化工作。通过对废水、固体废物、工业废气资源化现状的分析,科学地论证了“三废”资源化具有投资少,处理工艺简单易行,处理成本低,管理难度小等优点。找出存在的主要问题,并提出下一步工作目标。     

Municipal Solid Waste Management in the Accra Metropolitan Area, Ghana

Municipal solid waste management in Accra, Ghana, is at present delivered in an unsustainable manner. Due to uncontrolled urbanisation, large quantities of waste are generated daily in Accra, and this exerts much pressure on an over strained solid waste management system. Coupled with weak institutional capacity, and lack of resources, both human and capital, the city authorities face difficulties in ensuring that all the waste generated in the city is collected for disposal. Home collection of waste is limited to high and, some middle income areas while the poor are left to contend with the problem on their own. This leads to indiscriminate disposal of waste in surface drains, canals and streams, creating unsanitary, and unsightly environments in many parts of the city.     

酸改性活性炭在重金属与氨氮废水处理中的应用

重金属以及氨氮是造成水体污染的重要物质,在对水体重金属以及氨氮的去除方法中,活性炭吸附法有一定的进展.本文参照常见的酸类物质如硝酸、盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、柠檬酸和其他酸性物质对活性炭改性去除重金属和氨氮的研究,综述了各种酸改性的机理和对活性炭的影响,定性地比较了活性炭在各种酸改性后的去除能力.总结了对酸性改性活性炭在去除重金属和氨氮应用中的发展方向和前景,对于日后用酸性废水改性活性炭以达到以废治废的功效有着指导、借鉴作用.     

废钻井液对环境影响分析及处理方法

废钻井液是当前油田急需解决的环保问题之一。实验分析了废钻井液浸出液有害成分以及对生物的影响。对比分析了几种废钻井液处理方法,得出结论：在焉耆盆地最佳的处理方法是固化法。     

Waste scavenging in Third World cities: A case study in Ilorin, Nigeria

Solid waste poses a serious problem to government agencies and people in third world cities. Recycling as a way of managing waste has received relatively little attention. This paper examines the role of waste scavengers in the waste recycling process. The preliminary findings reported here indicate that the waste scavenger could be incorporated formally into the recycling process. Using plastic waste as an example, it is demonstrated that such recycling is economically viable.