矿井采煤面瓦斯爆炸事故树分析

根据矿井采煤面瓦斯爆炸的一些典型事故，概括出了导致瓦斯爆炸的基本事件。应用事故树分析中的最小割集和结构重要度，对矿井采煤面瓦斯爆炸事故进行了研究。结果表明，严格控制瓦斯浓度，杜绝一切火源，是预防矿井瓦斯爆炸的基本途径，这对指导煤矿安全生产具有重要意义。     

2002年1-12月全国发生死亡十人以上重大、特大事故回放（二）

4月24日19时40分左右，四川省攀枝花市攀枝花煤业(集团)有限责任公司花山煤矿三采区二队4239采煤工作面超前上山，一掘进工作面发生瓦斯爆炸事故，造成死亡23人，受伤4人。     

双风机双电源自动切换电源在济三煤矿的实践应用

1．引言 椐统计,我国1983年-1989年发生的96次瓦斯爆炸事故中,采掘工作面就发生了84次,占瓦斯爆炸总起数的87．5％,其中掘进工作面最多。如某特大型煤矿企业统计37年发生的24起瓦斯事故中除有1起瓦斯窒息事故发生在高瓦斯矿井外,其他16起瓦斯窒息、4起瓦斯燃烧和3起瓦斯爆炸事故均发生在低瓦斯矿井,而3起瓦斯爆...     

矿井瓦斯爆炸的条件是什么？

编辑同志： 煤矿事故中，瓦斯爆炸是经常发生的一类事故，矿井瓦斯爆炸的条件是什么？     

浅析低瓦斯煤矿瓦斯防治安全评价

笔者结合煤矿安全评价工作的经验，通过运用预先危险分析对低瓦斯煤矿瓦斯防治进行分析，得出瓦斯爆炸是最严重的瓦斯事故。进而通过对瓦斯爆炸的事故树分析，得出了导致瓦斯爆炸的27个基本事件。应用事故树分析中的最小割集、最小径集和结构重要度，对瓦斯爆炸进行了研究。结果表明，瓦斯爆炸不发生所必须的最低限度的基本事件集合即最小径集有6个，其中严格控制瓦斯浓度，杜绝一切火源，是预防煤矿瓦斯爆炸的最重要途径。从源头上防止瓦斯爆炸的发生，提高我国煤矿安全生产水平。     

煤矿瓦斯爆炸事故的防治对策

我国煤矿日趋严重的瓦斯爆炸事故灾害严重地威胁着矿井工作人员的生命安全，制约矿井生产的发展，给煤炭企业带来沉重的负担，从安全科学的角度及其事故原因分类出发，提出了防治我国煤矿瓦斯爆炸事故的对策。     

2008年1-12月全国发生死亡10人以上重大、特大事故点评回放

10月29日20时0分，陕西省渭南市澄城县尧头斜井煤矿上下山处发生特大瓦斯爆炸事故，当班下井36人，7人安全升井，此事故共造成死亡29人。该矿为国有地方煤矿，属低瓦斯矿井。该矿安全许可证已过期，瓦斯监控系统运行不正常，被陕西煤监局渭南监察分局责令停产整顿。经调查，事故发生原因是：29日，井下出水堵塞巷道，被水封堵的巷道排通，导致工作面瓦斯积聚，在进行抽水作业时造成巷道内瓦斯在矿井负压作用下大量涌出外泄，正好遇到途径此处的工人吸烟，     

煤矿瓦斯爆炸事故特征与耦合规律研究

分析瓦斯爆炸事故的瓦斯积聚原因、引爆火源和引爆地点等事故特征及其分类,统计并分析1988—2008年发生的563次瓦斯爆炸事故的基本特征和耦合规律,结果表明:通风混乱等通风系统问题导致瓦斯缓慢积聚的瓦斯爆炸事故占90.6%;电火花和放炮火焰引爆瓦斯占事故的78.6%;发生在采掘工作面的瓦斯爆炸事故占69.4%;通风系统问题导致瓦斯积聚的瓦斯爆炸事故主要发生在采掘工作面和巷道,占81.3%;通风系统问题导致瓦斯积聚的事故其引爆火源主要是电火花,占72.8%;电火花和放炮火焰引爆瓦斯主要发生在采掘工作面和巷道,占73.2%。有效预防和控制煤矿瓦斯爆炸事故需切实加强通风管理、电气管理和严格放炮操作与程序。     

瓦斯爆炸事故的混沌特性及其控制方法初探

我国煤炭地下开采占全部产量的 96 % ,含瓦斯煤层多 ,高瓦斯矿井和突出矿井占矿井总数的4 4 % ,由瓦斯引发的爆炸事故的伤亡人数占全部矿井事故伤亡总数的 6 5 %。针对我国煤矿安全生产的严峻形势 ,笔者在对瓦斯爆炸事故特性进行分析的基础上 ,应用混沌理论对瓦斯爆炸事故的风险以及控制方法进行初步探讨 ,初步建立了瓦斯爆炸事故混沌特性分析模型 ,对预防和控制瓦斯爆炸事故的发生 ,改善矿井安全生产状况具有指导意义。     

煤矿本质安全化管理体系建立及其应用的探讨

运用安全系统工程中的事故树理论,以瓦斯爆炸事故为例分析了煤矿中的7类主要事故,并得出相应的事故树。通过对事故树的定性分析,得出事故树的最小径集和基本事件重要度排序。进而可预测基本事件的发生所能够导致的结果,可根据各基本事件的重要度排序,确定避免发生事故应采取的基本措施,并建立了煤矿本质安全化管理体系。设计出煤矿本质安全化管理体系的软件,并以瓦斯爆炸事故为例,分析了该管理体系在实际中的应用效果。     

A correlation of the lower flammability limit for hybrid mixtures

Hybrid mixtures are widely encountered in industries such as coal mines, paint factories, pharmaceutical industries, or grain elevators. Hybrid mixtures explosions involving dust and gas can cause great loss of lives and properties. The lower flammability limit (LFL) is a critical parameter when conducting a hazard assessment or developing mitigation methods for processes involving hybrid mixtures. Unlike unitary dust or gas explosions, which have been widely studied in past decades, only minimal research focuses on hybrid mixtures, and data concerning hybrid mixtures can rarely be found. Although methods to predict the LFL have been developed by using either Le Chatelier's Law, which was initially proposed for homogeneous gas mixtures, or the Bartknecht curve, which was adopted for only certain hybrid mixtures, significant deviations still remain. A more accurate correlation to predict an LFL for a hybrid mixtures explosion is necessary for risk assessment. This work focuses on the study of hybrid mixtures explosions in a 36 L dust explosion apparatus including mixtures of methane/niacin, methane/cornstarch, ethane/niacin and ethylene/niacin in air. By utilizing basic characteristics of unitary dust or gas explosions, a new formula is proposed to improve the prediction of the LFL of the mixture. The new formula is consistent with Le Chatelier's Law.     

巷道及“U”工作面上隅角瓦斯运移、积聚及处理措施分析

分析了瓦斯在正常井巷风流中的主要运移扩散方式 ;论述了煤层巷道及工作面上隅角瓦斯运移过程及其局部区域和上隅角形成瓦斯积聚的原因 ;针对当前采用的治理局部瓦斯积聚的几项措施 ,进行了详细的讨论 ;结合白集煤矿实际情况 ,对目前采用的瓦斯治理措施进行了分析。     

惰性气体抑制油气爆炸的机理分析及实验模拟

从经典燃烧学、化学反应动力学的基本理论出发,分析了惰性气体抑制油气爆炸的作用机理,通过试验模拟研究了惰性气体抑制油气爆炸的作用规律,为惰性气体防爆抑爆技术的工艺实施、系统设计和关键参数计算提供了依据.     

Lithium-ion energy storage battery explosion incidents

Utility-scale lithium-ion energy storage batteries are being installed at an accelerating rate in many parts of the world. Some of these batteries have experienced troubling fires and explosions. There have been two types of explosions; flammable gas explosions due to gases generated in battery thermal runaways, and electrical arc explosions leading to structural failure of battery electrical enclosures. The thermal runaway gas explosion scenarios, which can be initiated by various electrical faults, can be either prompt ignitions soon after a large flammable gas mixture is formed, or delayed ignitions associated with late entry of air and/or loss of gaseous fire suppression agent. The electrical explosions have entailed inadequate electrical protection to prevent high energy arcs within electrical boxes vulnerable to arc induced high pressures and thermal loads. Estimates of both deflagration pressures and arc explosion pressures are described along with their incident implications.     

Effects of a Duct on the Venting of Explosions—Critical Review

The present paper deals with a study of the effect of ducting on explosions in vented enclosures. The presence of a duct was shown to increase the pressure reached in vented vessels. At the moment it is still not clear what are the main phenomena occurring in ducted-venting systems and no reliable correlations are available for the sizing of ducted vented systems. The only correlation available for gas explosions was developed by Bartknecht (1993) and assumed as a guideline in NFPA 68 (2002) while for dust explosions more correlations are available as reported in VDI 3673 (2002), in NFPA 68 (2002) and in Tamanini and Fisher (2003).This paper presents a critical review of available experimental and theoretical results on gas explosions in vessels vented through a duct that was carried out mainly to understand the role of the phenomena involved. Furthermore, the available correlations for ducted-venting of gaseous explosions of NFPA 68 (2002) and for dust explosions (Tamanini and Fisher, 2003; VDI 3673,2002; NFPA 68,2002) were applied to the experimental results available in the literature, to test their validity and applicability.     

滚筒设计参数与粉尘爆炸率关系的数学模型

综采工作面的粉尘主要是由采煤机截割煤炭而产生,螺旋滚筒作为采煤机的工作装置,直接与煤岩接触,参与落煤和装煤的过程,其结构参数、工作参数直接决定着机器工作时的产尘量大小,影响工作面的粉尘浓度。因此,笔者通过简化与假设,在粉尘检测数据的基础上,选取滚筒直径,螺旋头数,截线间距,每线齿数和切屑厚度为自变元,提出了工作面粉尘爆炸概率的确定方法,建立了滚筒设计参数与采煤工作面粉尘爆炸率之间关系的数学模型,为分析机械参数与安全之间的关系和影响、为合理地设计滚筒及其采煤机的参数、减小采煤工作面的粉尘、降低粉尘爆炸率、提高煤炭生产的安全提供理论依据。     

Simplified multiple equations' inverse problem of vented vessels subjected to internal gas explosions

This paper analyses the experimental data reported by Höchst and Leuckel (1998) for combustion in partially confined vessels and uses the data from these experiments to establish the burning rate based on a simplified model for the combustion process in such vessels. The model establishes three fundamental parameters which are necessary in characterizing the combustion process. These are: i) the burning rate, ii) the fraction of vent area occupied by burnt gas (or discharge sub-model), and iii) the vent area model (if cover mechanisms with variable vent areas are utilized). A set of independent equations is derived to determine the burning rate according to conservation of mass and volume for each gas fraction separately along with a general equation based on general volume conservation. Using this method we are able to describe the combustion process and examine the effect of various discharge models. The advantages of the model presented here include rapid applicability and a valuable analysis to derive mass burn rate and other useful parameters using experimental data from vented explosions with reasonable residual reactant values. Based on these results, the correct interpretation of the obtained burning rate can be used in order to explain the correct prediction of flame velocity and position according to a reasonable discharge model. The paper also evaluates the suitability of several discharge models for phenomenological models of vented explosions. The most appropriate is a Heaviside step function which considers that only unburnt gas is initially expelled, with that component decreasing and the burnt gas component increasing until finally only burnt gas is expelled. The obtained results in this study can be used to predict the burning rate behavior and the combustion process of similar problems.     

Process of accidental explosions at a refuse derived fuel storage

Accidental gas explosions occurred at a refuse-derived-fuel (RDF) storage in Japan, and two fire fighters on duty were dead. The flammable gases, which caused the gas explosions generated during a RDF fire. It means that gas explosions could occur in the use of solid fuels under certain conditions. This study has been conducted for exploring the process to gas explosions in the RDF storage. The temperature at a part of the RDF pile in the storage was inferred to spontaneously increase, and the prediction of the temperature increase was attempted on the basis of the Frank-Kamenetskii theory. It was shown that the critical temperature of RDF for spontaneous temperature rise depends on the size of the pile. Larger the pile, lower the critical temperature. The possibility of accumulation of flammable gas in the space of the RDF storage is discussed. It is indicated that the spread rate of thermal wave is slow and a high temperature region likely established. After the RDF pile ignites, the oxygen concentration near the burning site becomes low and the flammable species components in the generated gas increases. Those species pass through surrounding low temperature region and come out into the space over the RDF pile without combustion. An explosion would occur when a fresh air comes into the storage, mixes with the flammable gas coming out from the pile to form a flammable mixture, and then the flammable mixture ignites. The most effective means to prevent accidental explosions is to avoid spontaneous ignition by cooling the heated RDF. If spontaneous ignition occurs, elimination of flammable gases from the storage should be strongly recommended.     

External pressures generated by vented gas and dust explosions

Several different data correlations have been developed for the external pressures associated with vented gas explosions and dust explosions. These correlations, which are applicable to external locations in the direct line-of-sight of the enclosure vent, are reviewed here. In addition, the application of spherically symmetric and of ellipsoidal blast wave models is explored as a possible means of calculating external pressures over a wider range of conditions than is possible with the existing data correlations. Results indicate that the spherically symmetric blast wave model can obtain a comparable accuracy (8–9 kPa standard deviation) for line-of-sight locations as the more recent data correlations. In the case of the lower blast pressures at locations perpendicular to the vent line-of-sight, the ellipsoidal blast wave provides significantly better agreement with data (to within 1 kPa standard deviation for the one set of available test data) than the spherically symmetric model.     

Analysis on research trends with dust explosions by bibliometric approach

Highly destructive combustible dust explosions, which is prone to cause secondary explosion, has been a concern in industrial processes. To understand the current development and status of research on dust explosions, 1276 publications related to dust explosions from 1998 to 2021 were indexed through the Web of Science Core Collection database. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to visualize and analyze the collected literature information. The number of articles related to dust explosions has increased from 12 in 1998 to 191 in 2021. China, the United States, and Canada are the major contributors in this field. Dalhousie University, Beijing Institute of Technology, and Dalian University of Technology are at the core of dust explosion research. Wei Gao, Paul Amyotte, and Chi-Min Shu are the most prolific researchers. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, Powder Technology, and Process Safety and Environmental Protection are the major sources of publications related to dust explosions. The research topic of dust explosions mainly evolves into four aspects: explosion characteristics and influencing factors, research media, explosion suppression, and numerical simulation. New research hotspots have appeared related to gas–dust hybrid mixtures, nanomaterials, and powder suppressants. The results can help researchers in the dust explosion field to quickly determine the research frontier and the overall situation.