中储式煤粉锅炉燃烧优化调整试验研究

为提高电厂锅炉燃煤煤质变差后锅炉运行的经济性,进行了燃烧优化调整试验,通过比较飞灰可燃物含量、锅炉热效率、排烟温度、制粉系统耗电率重新确定了制粉系统最佳出力下的经济煤粉细度,分析了制粉系统运行方式、二次风配风方式、过量空气系数、燃煤配比对锅炉运行经济性的影响,提出了锅炉更经济的运行工况。     

煤及煤矸石中砷的释放

研究了煤及煤矸石中砷的释放特征。采用XRD技术对煤样中的主要矿物成分进行了分析。表征结果显示，煤样中的主要矿物组成为碳酸盐矿物、硅酸盐矿物，以及一定量的SiO2、TiO2、硫化物矿物和硫酸盐矿物。实验结果表明：煤中砷的赋存形态主要以残渣态和硫化物结合态为主；在煤燃烧过程中，当燃烧温度为1 000 ℃时，1号矿井的煤样燃烧后灰渣中的砷含量为1.385 μg/g，砷的释放率为40.10%，2号矿井的煤样燃烧后灰渣中的砷含量为1.531 μg/g，砷的释放率为56.04%；在煤矸石的淋溶过程中，在淋溶液体积为100 mL的条件下，当淋溶液pH为5时淋出液中的ρ（砷）为19.27 μg/L，当淋溶液pH为7时淋出液中的ρ（砷）为7.78 μg/L。     

Development of a leaching assessment framework for the utilization of coal ash at South Korean mine reclamation sites

Coal-based power generates large quantities of coal ash in South Korea. However, coal ash recycling is still inactive and most wasted coal ash is buried in landfills. Recently, beneficial uses of coal ash such as in mine reclamation sites has been increasingly considered; however, as a result of legal limitations due to environmental concerns, the utilization of coal ash at mine reclamation sites has procrastinated. Consequently, to resolve this issue, the relevant environmental impact of coal ash must be considered. Therefore, a leaching assessment framework to assess the environmental impact of coal ash utilization at South Korean mine reclamation sites is presented. The framework was used to identify leaching mechanisms and support an assessment of the environmental impact of coal ash usage at mine reclamation sites in South Korea. This framework could provide guidance with regard to designing more realistic leaching procedures appropriate for all mine conditions and could support the development of regulations and protocols for future environment-friendly coal ash usage.     

中国2030年能源发展预测与对策研究

在回顾2000年-2010年中国能源消费的基础上,对中国2030年能源发展及耗煤量进行了预测,预测结果表明,2030年中国能耗总量将控制在55～60亿t标煤,耗煤量控制在40～45亿t标煤。建议中国2011年-2015年、2015年-2020年、2020年-2025年和2025年-2030年能源弹性系数分别为0.5、0.5、0.4和0.3。开展煤炭休养生息战略,多进口煤炭。     

燃煤电厂砷排放控制技术研究进展

对煤中砷的赋存状态及煤在燃烧后砷的转化行为进行了分析,并分别从煤的物理洗选、抑制煤中砷元素的挥发、气态砷吸附剂和污控设备协同脱砷等方面,重点论述了国内外对燃煤电厂砷排放控制的最新研究进展。同时提出了控制砷排放的新思路,为今后脱砷技术的进一步研究指明了方向。     

Environmental impact assessment of the incineration of municipal solid waste with auxiliary coal in China

The environmental impacts of waste incineration with auxiliary coal were investigated using the life-cycle-based software, EASEWASTE, based on the municipal solid waste (MSW) management system in Shuozhou City. In the current system, MSW is collected, transported, and incinerated with 250kg of coal per ton of waste. Based on observed environmental impacts of incineration, fossil CO(2) and heavy metals were primary contributors to global warming and ecotoxicity in soil, respectively. Compared with incinerators using excess coal, incineration with adequate coal presents significant benefits in mitigating global warming, whereas incineration with a mass of coal can avoid more impacts to acidification, photochemical ozone and nutrient enrichment because of increased electricity substitution and reduced emission from coal power plants. The "Emission standard of air pollutants for thermal power plants (GB13223-2011)" implemented in 2012 introduced stricter policies on controlling SO(2) and NO(x) emissions from coal power plants. Thus, increased use of auxiliary coal during incineration yields fewer avoided impacts on acidification and nutrient enrichment. When two-thirds of ash is source-separated and landfilled, the incineration of rest-waste presents better results on global warming, acidification, nutrient enrichment, and even ecotoxicity in soil. This process is considered a promising solution for MSW management in Shuozhou City. Weighted normalized environmental impacts were assessed based on Chinese political reduction targets. Results indicate that heavy metal and acidic gas emissions should be given more attention in waste incineration. This study provides scientific support for the management of MSW systems dominated by incineration with auxiliary coal in China.     

炭基载体含氧基团对Mn-Ce双金属吸附剂脱硫活性的影响

以无烟煤、烟煤、褐煤以及工业半焦、烟煤半焦为载体,采用超声辅助加压浸渍法制备了Mn-Ce双金属吸附剂。利用固定床装置对吸附剂的烟气脱硫活性进行了评价,并运用BET、XRD和FTIR技术对其进行了表征。结果表明：吸附剂的脱硫活性主要由焙烧后的金属氧化物提供,金属离子本身无脱硫活性;炭基载体中的酯基是影响金属组分脱硫活性的主要因素,酯基在焙烧过程中分解使得金属组分暴露出来,提高了吸附剂的脱硫活性;中等变质程度的烟煤是制备吸附剂的良好载体,含有适量酯基,使得吸附剂表面金属组分分散均匀。     

两种煤化工废水的产甲烷抑制性

通过间歇式产甲烷抑制实验，评价了两种煤化工废水#x02014;#x02014;焦化废水和鲁奇煤气化废水的产甲烷抑制性，并初步探讨了废水对产甲烷菌的抑制机理。实验结果表明：两种废水的产甲烷抑制性随废水加入量的增加逐渐增大；当废水加入量为400mL时，焦化废水的产甲烷抑制率达100%，鲁奇煤气化废水的产甲烷抑制率为50%；焦化废水对产甲烷菌的抑制性明显大于鲁奇煤气化废水。     

Co-combustion of agricultural residues with coal in a fluidized bed combustor

Power generation from biomass is an attractive technology that utilizes agricultural residual waste. In order to explain the behavior of biomass-fired fluidized bed incinerator, biomass sources from agricultural residues (rice husk and palm kernel) were co-fired with coal in a 0.15m diameter and 2.3m high fluidized bed combustor. The combustion efficiency and carbon monoxide emissions were studied and compared with those for pure coal combustion. Co-combustion of a mixture of biomass with coal in a fluidized bed combustor designed for coal combustion increased combustion efficiency up to 20% depending upon excess air levels. Observed carbon monoxide levels fluctuated between 200 and 900 ppm with the addition of coal. It is evident from this research that efficient co-firing of biomass with coal can be achieved with minimal modifications to existing coal-fired boilers.     

Co-combustion of waste from olive oil production with coal in a fluidised bed

Waste from olive oil production was co-fired with coal in a fluidised bed combustor to study the feasibility of using this waste as an energy source. The combustion efficiency and CO emission were investigated and compared to those of burning 100% of coal. Olive oil waste with up to 20% mass concentration can be co-fired with coal in a fluidised bed combustor designed for coal combustion with a maximum drop of efficiency of 5%. A 10% olive oil waste concentration gave a lower CO emission than 100% coal firing due to improved combustion in the freeboard region. A 20% olive oil waste mixture gave a higher CO emission than both 100% coal firing and 10% olive oil waste mixture, but the combustion efficiency was higher than the 10% olive oil waste mixture due to lower elutriation from the bed.     

壳牌煤气化技术的应用前景分析

介绍了壳牌煤气化技术的工艺特点和发展现状,分析论述了分布式能源系统技术,将煤气化与分布式能源系统两种技术完美结合,是当今煤-电-化组合的优良模式.     

提高火电厂设计和校核煤质重要性的几点认识

分析锅炉设计煤质在电厂建设各方面的重要性，阐述了燃用煤质偏离设计要求对火电厂安全、经济运行的影响。结合工程实际分析燃用煤质偏离设计煤质的原因，并提出了解决措施。     

Pyrolysis characteristics of the mixture of printed circuit board scraps and coal powder

Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and infrared spectroscopy were used to analyze the pyrolysis characteristics of printed circuit board scraps (PCBs), coal powder and their mixtures under nitrogen atmosphere. The experimental results show that there is a large difference between waste PCBs and coal powder in pyrolysis processing. The pyrolysis properties of the mixing samples are the result of interaction of the PCBs and coal powder, which is influenced by the content of mixture. The degree of pyrolysis and pyrolysis properties of the mixture are much better than that of the single component. The TG and the differential thermogravimetric (DTG) curves of the PCBs mixed with coal powder move towards the high-temperature zone with increasing amount of coal powder and subsequently the DTG peak also becomes wider. The Coats–Redfern integral method was used to determine the kinetic parameters of pyrolysis reaction mechanism with the different proportion of mixture. The gas of pyrolysis mainly composes of CO₂, CO, H₂O and some hydrocarbon. The bromide characteristic absorption peak has been detected obviously in the pyrolysis gas of PCBs. On the contrary, the absorption peak of the bromide is not obvious in pyrolysis gas of the PCBs samples adding 40% coal powder.     

煤场防风抑尘网抑尘效果研究

随着国家环保要求越来越高,火电厂煤场扬尘问题受到越来越多的关注。防风抑尘网作为治理煤场扬尘的有效技术,日益得到广泛的应用。论述了煤场起尘机理、起尘风速及起尘量估算、煤场扬尘预测模式,综合研究了防风抑尘网起尘机理及抑尘效果,提出了起尘风速及起尘量估算推荐公式、煤场扬尘预测推荐模式,并通过数值模拟计算与实测数据,对防风抑尘网抑尘效果进行了分析。     

电厂筒仓安全惰化保护装置的研制运用

贮煤筒仓的安全性能关系着电厂的安全运行,为解决筒仓可燃气体浓度增高而导致爆炸问题,可将惰性气体氮气通入筒仓内稀释和置换可燃气体。分析了电厂筒仓安全惰化保护系统的配置及运行情况,为电厂筒仓安全惰化保护装置设计和应用提供参考。     

火电厂运煤系统抑尘控制因素探讨

火电厂运煤系统主要工艺过程包括卸煤、贮存、掺烧、煤输送到煤仓等。运煤系统设备及转运站扬尘污染严重，分析了污染发生的原因及解决办法，阐述了运煤系统的优化设计方案。     

电厂煤粉炉燃煤中硫的转化规律研究

利用50组燃煤电厂现场测试数据，研究了在煤粉炉燃烧条件下，不同煤种、不同地区烟煤中硫转化为烟气中SO2的份额。研究认为，目前我国电厂煤粉炉燃煤中硫转化为烟气中SO2的份额平均值取0．85是适宜的。     

燃煤电厂污染控制技术进展与展望

综述了燃煤引起的大气污染及危害，并分燃烧前，燃烧中及燃烧后分析了目前所采用的污染控制方法中存在的问题，针对燃煤引起的污染提出了相应的控制措施。     

构建“水-煤-碳”体系 优化煤化工发展

分析了煤化工行业发展的现状及趋势,提出我国现代煤化工发展瓶颈主要是产业发展存在技术风险、产业发展与资源环境的矛盾突出及面临碳减排压力,并提出通过合理构建"水-煤-碳"三大约束指标体系,引导煤化工实现有序发展。     

Combustion characteristics of coal and refuse from passenger trains

Refuse from passenger trains is becoming a significant issue with the development of the Chinese railway. Co-firing is regarded as a promising thermal technology, both environmentally and economically, in reducing the quantity of refuse. The co-firing property of passenger train refuse with coal, however, may differ due to the differences in the composition of the refuse. In the present study, combustion properties of refuse from passenger train samples and the mixture of refuse with coal were studied in a tube furnace. Thermo analysis methods, such as thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) analyses were employed to evaluate combustion performance. We found that the mixture of passenger train refuse and coal at a ratio of 1:1 has a lower ignition and burnout temperature than the coal-only sample. Moreover, refuse from railway passenger trains has more reactive combustion properties than the coal-only sample, and the addition of railway passenger train refuse to coal can promote the reactivity of coal.