首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 10 毫秒
1.
二氧化碳捕集技术发展动态研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
介绍了近年来新兴的二氧化碳捕集技术路线和国内外的有关研究项目。通过研究由清洁发展机制延伸出来的碳交易及其市场表明,在未来的几十年中,碳交易将成为最大的贸易商品,并且能够减少环境污染和产生较高的利益。  相似文献   

2.
本文介绍了中空纤维膜的基本情况,概述了中空纤维膜烟气脱硫技术的研究现状,并对其发展前景进行了展望。  相似文献   

3.
Carbon dioxide is the major greenhouse gas responsible for global warming. Man-made CO2 emissions contribute approximately 63% of greenhouse gases and the cement industry is responsible for approximately 5% of CO2 emissions emitting nearly 900 kg of CO2 per 1000 kg of cement. CO2 from a cement plant was captured and purified to 98% using the monoethanolamine (MEA) based absorption process. The capture cost was $51 per tonne of CO2 captured, representing approximately 90% of total cost. Steam was the main operating cost representing 39% of the total capture cost. Switching from coal to natural gas reduces CO2 emissions by about 18%. At normal load, about 36 MW of waste heat is available for recovery to satisfy the parasitic heat requirements of MEA process; however, it is very difficult to recover.  相似文献   

4.
This article is concerned with control issues related to the design of a semi-closed O 2/CO 2 gas turbine cycle for CO 2 capture. Some control strategies and their interaction with the process design are discussed. One control structure is implemented on a dynamic simulation model using a predictive controller, and simulations assess the performance and compare its merits with a conventional PI structure. The results indicate that it can be advantageous for operability to allow a varying (as opposed to fixed) compressor inlet pressure, at the cost of a more expensive design. Furthermore, the results show that a predictive controller has some advantages with respect to the simpler conventional PI control structure, in particular in terms of constraint handling.  相似文献   

5.
介绍煤基电厂CO2排放的特征,并从燃烧前、燃烧后和富氧燃烧三个方面介绍了CO2捕集技术的特点。通过分析国内外煤基电厂CO2捕集技术的发展现状,提出我国煤基电厂CO2捕集的主要问题,指出适合中国国情的电厂CO2捕集发展方向。最后对我国全面开展煤基电厂CO2捕集技术基础研究和工业研究提出建议。  相似文献   

6.
赵卉  刘永祺 《四川环境》2008,27(2):60-63
本文目的在于讨论和分析二氧化碳捕获和储存技术项目(CCS)作为清洁发展机制(CDM)项目的障碍和机遇。CCS被视为减少CO2人为排放量的选择方案之一,但在发展中国家,该技术面临着政策、成本和技术上的挑战。对这些国家而言,CDM几乎是发展CCS的唯一动机。本文分析了CCS作为CDM项目面临的项目边界、持久性、渗漏和可持续发展性的问题,并展望了未来的发展趋势。  相似文献   

7.
为了增强接触器在高原环境条件下的适应性能,提高接触器在高原特殊环境条件下的可靠性水平,特此提出对接触器应通过的环境适应性试验提出了考核评价。  相似文献   

8.
Hilliard completed several thermodynamic models in Aspen Plus® for modeling CO2 removal with amine solvents, including MEA–H2O–CO2. This solvent was selected to make a system model for CO2 removal by absorption/stripping. Both the absorber and the stripper used RateSep? to rigorously calculate mass transfer rates. The accuracy of the new model was assessed using a recent pilot plant run with 35 wt.% (9 m) MEA. Absorber loading and removal were predicted within 6%, and the temperature profile was approached within 5 °C. An average 3.8% difference between measured and calculated values was achieved in the stripper. A three-stage flash configuration which efficiently utilizes solar energy was developed. It reduces energy use by 6% relative to a simple stripper. Intercooling was used to reach 90% removal in the absorber at these optimized conditions.  相似文献   

9.
A laboratory-scale reactor system was built and operated to demonstrate the feasibility of catalytically reacting carbon dioxide (CO2) with renewably-generated hydrogen (H2) to produce methane (CH4) according to the Sabatier reaction: CO2 + 4H2  CH4 + 2H2O. A cylindrical reaction vessel packed with a commercial methanation catalyst (Haldor Topsøe PK-7R) was used. Renewable H2 produced by electrolysis of water (from solar- and wind-generated electricity) was fed into the reactor along with a custom blend of 2% CO2 in N2, meant to represent a synthetic exhaust mixture. Reaction conditions of temperature, flow rates, and gas mixing ratios were varied to determine optimum performance. The extent of reaction was monitored by real-time measurement of CO2 and CH4. Maximum conversion of CO2 occurred at 300–350 °C. Approximately 60% conversion of CO2 was realized at a space velocity of about 10,000 h?1 with a molar ratio of H2/CO2 of 4/1. Somewhat higher total CO2 conversion was possible by increasing the H2/CO2 ratio, but the most efficient use of available H2 occurs at a lower H2/CO2 ratio.  相似文献   

10.
Electricity and hydrogen can be used as energy carriers to reduce emissions of CO2 from small and mobile energy users. One of the most promising technologies for the production of electricity and hydrogen with low CO2 emissions is coal gasification with CO2 capture and storage. Performance and cost data are presented for plants which produce electricity and hydrogen alone and plants which co-produce both of these energy carriers. The co-production plants include plants which produce a fixed ratio of hydrogen to electricity and plants which are able to vary the ratio while continuing to operate the gasification and CO2 capture parts of the plant at full load. The paper also assesses the ability of these types of plants to satisfy the varying demands for hydrogen and electricity in future energy supply systems. The lowest cost option for the scenarios assessed in the paper is the use of flexible co-production plants with underground buffer storage of hydrogen.  相似文献   

11.
12.
A novel CO2 separation concept is described wherein the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA) is used to increase the overall rate of CO2 absorption after which hydrated CO2 reacts with regenerable amine-bearing polyacrylamide buffering beads (PABB). Following saturation of the material's immobilized tertiary amines, CA-bearing carrier water is separated and recycled to the absorption stage while CO2-loaded material is thermally regenerated. Process application of this concept would involve operation of two or more columns in parallel with thermal regeneration with low-pressure steam taking place after the capacity of a column of amine-bearing polymeric material was exceeded. PABB CO2-bearing capacity was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for beads of three acrylamido buffering monomer ingredient concentrations: 0 mol/kg bead, 0.857 mol/kg bead, and 2 mol/kg bead. TGA results demonstrate that CO2-bearing capacity increases with increasing PABB buffering concentration and that up to 78% of the theoretical CO2-bearing capacity was realized in prepared PABB samples (0.857 mol/kg recipe). The highest observed CO2-bearing capacity of PABB was 1.37 mol of CO2 per kg dry bead. TGA was also used to assess the regenerability of CO2-loaded PABB. Preliminary results suggest that CO2 is partially driven from PABB samples at temperatures as low as 55 °C, with complete regeneration occurring at 100 °C. Other physical characteristics of PABB are discussed. In addition, the effectiveness of bovine carbonic anhydrase for the catalysis of CO2 dissolution is evaluated. Potential benefits and drawbacks of the proposed process are discussed.  相似文献   

13.
In order to evaluate the risk of hydrate formation in CO2 transport one has to be able to predict the water content in the fluid phase in equilibrium with the CO2-hydrate. A literature review has identified some knowledge gaps, for example, there are no results available at temperatures lower than 243.15 K (?30 °C); and none of the models found in literature predicts the water content with high accuracy. A model based on equality of water fugacity in fluid and hydrate phase is presented here and used for the predictions of water content in equilibrium with hydrates. Although this model gives better accuracy in the overall temperature and pressure ranges of measurements than the models found in the literature, it is not accurate enough to satisfy the requirements of CO2 transport. The simulation results also show that it is possible to form hydrate at low water content, such as xw = 50 vppm, if temperature is low enough. In order to verify the results and improve the model accuracy further, more experimental data in a larger temperature and pressure region are required.  相似文献   

14.
Abstract

As one of the natural working fluids for the refrigeration system, CO2 has been attracting increasing attention over the last ten years. But CO2 has to work at the supercritical region for the so-called “condensation” process regarding the conventional refrigerants and evaporate at the two-phase region, and therefore results in larger throttling loss for the practical refrigeration application. Consequently, new technologies must be developed to improve the performance efficiency of the CO2 transcritical cycle, and make it to be equal or closer to that of the refrigeration system with the conventional refrigerants. In this study, an expander is employed in the CO2 transcritical cycle to replace the throttling valve, and as a result the throttling loss can be decreased significantly. The paper presents the development of a rolling piston expander and the activity items in the expander design, including the seal technology, the contact friction control, the suction design, etc. The performance experiments for the expander are conducted in the present testing system for the CO2 transcritical cycle. The results show that the recovery power of the expander is related to the revolution speed of the expander. The efficiency of the expander prototype is observed to be about 32%.  相似文献   

15.
Oxyfuel combustion in a pulverised fuel coal-fired power station produces a raw CO2 product containing contaminants such as water vapour plus oxygen, nitrogen and argon derived from the excess oxygen for combustion, impurities in the oxygen used, and any air leakage into the system. There are also acid gases present, such as SO3, SO2, HCl and NOx produced as byproducts of combustion. At GHGT8 (White and Allam, 2006) we presented reactions that gave a path-way for SO2 to be removed as H2SO4 and NO and NO2 to be removed as HNO3. In this paper we present initial results from the OxyCoal-UK project in which these reactions are being studied experimentally to provide the important reaction kinetic information that is so far missing from the literature. This experimental work is being carried out at Imperial College London with synthetic flue gas and then using actual flue gas via a sidestream at Doosan Babcock's 160 kW coal-fired oxyfuel rig. The results produced support the theory that SOx and NOx components can be removed during compression of raw oxyfuel-derived CO2 and therefore, for emissions control and CO2 product purity, traditional FGD and deNOx systems should not be required in an oxyfuel-fired coal power plant.  相似文献   

16.
CO2捕集是温室气体减排与利用的重要技术步骤之一。文章介绍了CO2捕集的气源及特点、捕集溶剂与填料的研究进展、能量集成和工艺优化以及化工流程模拟研究,提出该技术研究的重点与方向。  相似文献   

17.
Public concern over the possibility of migration of stored CO2 to the surface with resulting damage to vegetation or hazard to humans and animals is a matter which will need to be addressed to be able to satisfy likely regulatory requirements for onshore CO2 storage in a number of jurisdictions. While soil CO2 concentration is readily measured continuously and in situ with current technology, the measurement of CO2 flux at depths below the soil A horizon may be a more sensitive and meaningful technique for early detection of a near surface CO2 plume. We describe a system for the continuous measurement of soil CO2 flux at a depth of approximately 1.3 m and present results from three instruments deployed at the Otway Basin Pilot Project in Victoria, Australia and one development system deployed at Sutton, near the Australian Capital Canberra.  相似文献   

18.
Amine volatility is a key screening criterion for amines to be used in CO2 capture. Excessive volatility may result in significant economic losses and environmental impact. It also dictates the capital cost of the water wash. This paper reports measured amine volatility in 7 m MEA (monoethanolamine), 8 m PZ (piperazine), 7 m MDEA (n-methyldiethanolamine)/2 m PZ (piperazine), 12 m EDA (ethylenediamine), and 5 m AMP (2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol) at 40–60 °C with lean and rich loadings giving CO2 partial pressures of 0.5 and 5 kPa at 40 °C. The amine concentrations were chosen to maximize CO2 capture capacity at acceptable viscosity. At the lean loading condition (where volatility is of greatest interest), the amines are ranked in order of increasing volatility: 7 m MDEA/2 m PZ (6/2 ppm), 8 m PZ (8 ppm), 12 m EDA (9 ppm), 7 m MEA (31 ppm), and 5 m AMP (112 ppm). The apparent amine partial molar excess enthalpies in these systems were estimated to range from ~10 to 87 kJ/mol of amine.  相似文献   

19.
A novel deterministic multi-period mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model for the power generation planning of electric systems is described and evaluated in this paper. The model is developed with the objective of determining the optimal mix of energy supply sources and pollutant mitigation options that meet a specified electricity demand and CO2 emission targets at minimum cost. Several time-dependent parameters are included in the model formulation; they include forecasted energy demand, fuel price variability, construction lead time, conservation initiatives, and increase in fixed operational and maintenance costs over time. The developed model is applied to two case studies. The objective of the case studies is to examine the economical, structural, and environmental effects that would result if the electricity sector was required to reduce its CO2 emissions to a specified limit.  相似文献   

20.
In this paper Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFCs) are considered for their potential application in carbon dioxide separation when integrated into natural gas fired combined cycles. The MCFC performs on the anode side an electrochemical oxidation of natural gas by means of CO32? ions which, as far as carbon capture is concerned, results in a twofold advantage: the cell removes CO2 fed at the cathode to promote carbonate ion transport across the electrolyte and any dilution of the oxidized products is avoided.The MCFC can be “retrofitted” into a combined cycle, giving the opportunity to remove most of the CO2 contained in the gas turbine exhaust gases before they enter the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG), and allowing to exploit the heat recovery steam cycle in an efficient “hybrid” fuel cell + steam turbine configuration. The carbon dioxide can be easily recovered from the cell anode exhaust after combustion with pure oxygen (supplied by an air separation unit) of the residual fuel, cooling of the combustion products in the HRSG and water separation. The resulting power cycle has the potential to keep the overall cycle electrical efficiency approximately unchanged with respect to the original combined cycle, while separating 80% of the CO2 otherwise vented and limiting the size of the fuel cell, which contributes to about 17% of the total power output so that most of the power capacity relies on conventional low cost turbo-machinery. The calculated specific energy for CO2 avoided is about 4 times lower than average values for conventional post-combustion capture technology. A sensitivity analysis shows that positive results hold also changing significantly a number of MCFC and plant design parameters.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号