物化法处理生活垃圾渗滤液新进展

概述了物化法处理垃圾渗滤液的研究现状和最新进展,并展望了物化法处理垃圾渗滤液的研究方向。     

物化法处理生活垃圾渗滤液新进展

概述了物化法处理垃圾渗滤液的研究现状和最新进展,并展望了物化法处理垃圾渗滤液的研究方向。     

垃圾渗滤液处理技术现状及展望

垃圾渗滤液是高浓度的有机废水,其可生化性差,处理工艺较为复杂。文章介绍了目前国内外垃圾渗滤液主要处理技术的研究现状及进展,主要包括生物法、物化法及其联合技术,分析了垃圾渗滤液处理技术的发展趋势。     

城市垃圾渗滤液污染控制技术综述

介绍了垃圾填埋场渗滤液的来源以及水质特点,结合国内外研究和应用实例,对垃圾渗滤液处理方式及处理技术进行了综述。比较了合并处理等三种垃圾渗滤液处理方式的优缺点,阐述了物化处理技术和生物处理技术在垃圾渗滤液处理中的应用。在此基础上,建议渗滤液处理应综合考虑水质水量、经济技术及环境等因素,优先考虑场内建设渗滤液处理系统,对于难处理的渗滤液可以考虑采用"预处理-生化处理-高效物化"联合工艺处理。     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理技术分析（二）

本文对城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液的不同处理方法(生物处理、物化处理、土地处理)和不同处理工艺的现状作了介绍。并指出由于渗滤液成分的复杂和多样化，所以常要采用多种工艺联合处理，处理工艺流程要根据当地的气候特征、周围环境、渗滤液水量、水质特性、处理程度及投资情况进行选择。作者最后指出了渗滤液处理技术的发展趋势。     

垃圾渗滤液处理技术的新进展

城市垃圾渗滤液是一种成分复杂,有机物、氨氮浓度高的难处理废水.有关垃圾渗滤液的研究已成为国内外环保领域研究的热点,根据国内外最新研究进展,分析了垃圾渗滤液处理技术的现状及发展趋势,重点介绍了化学法、物化法、物化生联合法以及土地处理法等多种处理方法.并对处理工艺的选取提出了一些建议.     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理技术分析（一）

本文对城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液的不同处理方法(生物处理、物化处理、土地处理)和不同处理工艺的现状作了介绍。并指出由于渗滤液成分的复杂和多样化，所以常要采用多种工艺联合处理；处理工艺流程要根据当地的气候特征、周围环境、渗滤液水量、水质特性、处理程度及投资情况进行选择。作者最后指出了渗滤液处理技术的发展趋势。     

垃圾渗滤液物化与生化处理工艺技术现状

垃圾渗滤液由于含有大量有机物和氨氮,一直是我国污水处理领域的重点及难点。总结了渗滤液的水质特点,然后结合国内外垃圾渗滤液处理方面的研究,探讨了不同垃圾渗滤液处理工艺的优缺点。目前渗滤液处理技术主要有物化法和生化法,利用生化法实现垃圾渗滤液的深度脱氮进而降低垃圾渗滤液的处理成本,是未来垃圾渗滤液处理技术的发展方向。     

垃圾填埋场环境影响评价中若干问题的探讨

针对城市生活垃圾填埋场环境影响评价中的选址与公众参与2个难点问题进行了讨论,提出了作者自己的观点。同时还结合作者的工作实践,对垃圾渗滤液产生量的计算方法及其处理工艺的选择进行了分析,并介绍了一种生化结合物化处理渗滤液的方法。     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理技术分析(一)

本文对城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液的不同处理方法(生物处理、物化处理、土地处理)和不同处理工艺的现状作了介绍。并指出由于渗滤液成分的复杂和多样化,所以常要采用多种工艺联合处理,处理工艺流程要根据当地的气候特征、周围环境、渗滤液水量、水质特性、处理程度及投资情况进行选择。作者最后指出了渗滤液处理技术的发展趋势。     

Gaseous elemental mercury concentration in atmosphere at urban and remote sites in China

An investigation of gaseous elemental mercury concentration in atmosphere was conducted at Beijing and Guangzhou urban, Yangtze Delta regional sites and China Global Atmosphere Watch Baseline Observatory (CGAWBO) in Mt. Waliguan of remote continental area of China. High temporal resolved data were obtained using automated mercury analyzer RA-915 . Results showed that the overall hourly mean Hg0 concentrations in Mt. Waliguan were 1.7± 1.1 ng/m3 in summer and 0.6±0.08 ng/m3 in winter. The concentration in Yangtze Delta regional site was 5.4±4.1 ng/m3, which was much higher than those in Waliguan continental background area and also higher than that found in North America and Europe rural areas. In Beijing urban area the overall hourly mean Hg0 concentrations were 8.3±3.6 ng/m3 in winter, 6.5±5.2 ng/m3 in spring, 4.9±3.3 ng/m3 in summer, and 6.7±3.5 ng/m3 in autumn, respectively, and the concentration was 13.5±7.1 ng/m3 in Guangzhou site. The mean concentration reached the lowest value at 14:00 and the highest at 02:00 or 20:00 in all monitoring campaigns in Beijing and Guangzhou urban areas, which contrasted with the results measured in Yangtze Delta regional site and Mt. Waliguan. The features of concentration and diurnal variation of Hg0 in Beijing and Guangzhou implied the importance of local anthropogenic sources in contributing to the high Hg0 concentration in urban areas of China. Contrary seasonal variation patterns of Hg0 concentration were found between urban and remote sites. In Beijing the highest Hg0concentration was in winter and the lowest in summer, while in Mt. Waliguan the Hg0 concentration in summer was higher than that in winter. These indicated that different processes and factors controlled Hg0 concentration in urban, regional and remote areas.     

Number concentration and size distributions of submicron particles in Jinan urban area： Characteristics in summer and winter

The aerosol number concentration and size distribution were measured with the newly developed Wide-range Particle Spectrometer in summer and winter of 2006 at the urban site of Jinan City.Here reported the characteristics of fine particles of the different observation seasons.Relative high number concentrations for the particles in the diameter range of 10-500 nm were observed in both seasons.It was found that the dominant number distributed in particle diameter smaller than 100 nm and the percentage over the number concentration of all air particles is much higher than what has been measured in other urban sites over the world.The number mean diameter in summer was much smaller than in winter,strongly suggesting the different origin of ultrafine particles in different seasons.That is, particles in ultrafine mode mainly came from nucleation and new particle formation in summer while from traffic emission in winter. The diurnal variation also supported this point.Number concentration in the diameter range of 10-200 nm got their peak values at noontime,well correlated with the mixing ratio of SO_2 and the intensity of solar radiation in summer.While in winter,those in the same diameter range showed the main peaks during the traffic hours happened in the morning and evening.     

Contribution of additives Cu to its accumulation in pig feces： study in Beijing and Fuxin of China

Massive amounts of pig manure are produced by intensive pig farm in China, and the composition of pig manure has changed much due to the use of feed additives. However, little is known about the exact Cu （copper） feed as additives or present as contaminants in pig feed and the residues in feces. One hundred and thirty-seven feeds and one hundred and forty-two fecal samples from 48 pig farms were collected in Beijing and Fuxin cities in 1999 and 2005, respectively. The concentrations of Cu were in the range of 6.86-395.19 mg/kg in the feed samples, and the mean values were in the order of weaner〉 grower-finisher〉 sow＇s feeds. The high concentrations over EU recommendations implied that excessive levels of Cu are fed on many pig farms in Beijing and Fuxin. Cu was also present in high concentrations in feces, and concentrations were highly variable. Cu concentrations in the feces from grower-finisher and weaner pigs were significantly greater than feces of sows. The super-intensive and small-scale farms had higher levels of Cu in feces than the middle farms. Cu concentrations in pig feces were approximately 5-times greater than in pig feeds. Feed management in grower-finisher pigs on super-intensive and small-scale pig farms is needed to reduce high Cu concentrations in feces and risks to soil contamination while feces are land-applied.     

Effects of two sludge application on fractionation and phytotoxicity of zinc and copper in the soil

The potential harm of heavy metals is a primary concern in application of sludge to the agricultural land. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two sludges on fractionation of Zn and Cu in soil and their phytotoxicity to pakchoi. The loamy soil was mixed with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (by weight) of digested sewage sludge (SS) and composted sludge (SC). The additions of both sludges caused a significant raise in all fractions, resulting in that exchangeable (EXCH) and organic bound (OM) became predominance of Zn and organic bound Cu occupied the largest portion. There was more available amount of Zn and Cu in SS treatments than SC treatments. During the pot experiment, the concentration of Zn in EXCH, carbonate (CAR) and OM and Cu in EXCH and OM fractions decreased in all treatments, so their bioavailability reduced. Germination rate and plant biomass decreased when the addition rate was high and the best yield appeared in 20% mixtures at the harvest of pakchoi. The two sludges increased tissue contents of Zn and Cu especially in the SS treatments. Zn in pakchoi was not only in relationship to ΔEXCH and ΔCAR forms but also in ΔOM forms in the sludge-soil mixtures. Tissue content of Cu in pakchoi grown on SC-soils could not be predicted by ΔEXCH. These correlation rates between Zn and Cu accumulation in pakchoi and variation of different fractions increased with time, which might indicate that sludges represented stronger impacts on the plant in long-term land application.     

黄浦江江水和沉积物中汞的分布和形态特征

黄浦江江水的总汞、溶解态汞和颗粒汞含量变化较大,其平均值分别为(0.4±0.44)ng/mL、(0.27±0.42)ng/mL和(0.13±0.10)ng/mL,江水中汞以溶解态汞为主.黄浦江沉积物的总汞含量为70.52ng/g～387.30ng/g,平均汞含量为(204.03±97.41)ng/g.江水和沉积物中汞的沿江分布具有中游高,上游和下游低的特征,西渡—南浦大桥江段汞含量为整个黄浦江最高的江段,汞的分布特征与两岸工农业布局相一致.沉积物总汞与有机质显著相关,沉积物中高汞含量的地点都在高水汞点的下游,与河流的动力沉积特点一致.沉积物中汞以可交换态、腐殖酸结合态、残渣态为主,少量为碳酸盐结合态.从上游到下游,沉积物中可交换态汞具有两端高中间低的特点,而残渣态汞与此相反.在剖面方向上,沉积物中的汞主要集中在残渣态,少量为腐殖酸结合态,可交换态及碳酸盐结合态,随着深度增加残渣态所占比例不规则增加.愈接近长江口,沉积物中的重金属愈容易被重新激活.     

东南沿海河流-水库系统藻类生长营养盐限制季节变动

选取厦漳泉三地市饮用水源地九龙江20条支流以及4个水库开展2013~2014年为期一年的逐月水质与生态调查与监测,并借助GIS、统计分析方法,识别了氮磷营养盐和浮游植物藻类丰度和群落的时空变异性,河流与水库氮磷营养盐限制的差异性以及其控制性的季节性变化特征.结果表明,九龙江支流和水库的营养盐、藻类丰度和群落都分别展示出明显的时空变异性.支流和水库均呈现营养盐氮素浓度冬春季节较高,夏秋季节较低;营养盐磷素浓度大体与之相反.水库藻类丰度于夏季最高,而支流藻类丰度呈现冬春季节较高,夏秋季节较低的趋势.其中,汀溪水库于秋冬春季节和夏季呈现硅藻,绿藻演替;江东库区于冬春,夏秋季节呈现绿藻-隐藻、绿藻-蓝藻演替;石兜-坂头水库以及支流均未出现季节演替现象,优势藻分别为蓝藻、绿藻.RDA排序图较好地显示了浮游植物藻类与环境因子之间的关系.水库叶绿素a与氮磷营养盐之间呈现显著相关性,相关关系较强,并且其相关关系在冬春季节呈现营养盐磷的限制性,夏秋季节呈现营养盐氮的限制性.相比于水库,支流叶绿素a与营养盐之间只有夏秋季节呈现显著相关性,且相关关系较弱.     

逐级提取试验研究岩石中氟的化学活动性

使用逐级化学提取方法对岩石中氟元素的化学活动性进行了研究.结果表明,不同时代、不同类型岩石中氟的化学活动性具有很大的差异,碳酸盐岩中氟均具有很强的化学活动性,其中氟的可淋失比例一般高于75%;下寒武统黑色岩系中氟的化学活动性与岩石变质程度有关,变质程度较高的黑色碳质板岩中氟的可淋失比例一般小于黑色页岩、黑色硅质岩中氟的可淋失比例.磷块岩中氟的可淋失比例较高,而千枚岩中氟的可淋失比例一般较低;辉绿岩中氟的可淋失比例与原岩中氟含量存在正相关关系.不同时代的石煤中氟的化学活动性具有较大差异.下志留统石煤中氟的可淋失比例(平均为47.39%)一般高于下寒武统石煤中氟的可淋失比例(平均为29.43%).     

土壤中佳乐麝香和镉污染对苗期小麦生长及其污染物积累的影响

选用潮土和褐土2种理化性质不同的土壤,采用室外盆栽实验,以小麦(Triticum aestivum)为供试植物,研究了佳乐麝香(HHCB)和镉(Cd)复合污染对小麦植株生物量及污染物在小麦植株各部分累积量的影响.结果表明,在2种土壤中小麦植株地上和地下部分的干重变化顺序均为,单一HHCB污染土壤＞HHCB-Cd复合污染土壤＞单一Cd污染土壤.潮土中HHCB在小麦植株各部分的累积量高于褐土,且潮土中Cd对HHCB在小麦植株各部分累积量的影响与褐土中不同.潮土中的单一HHCB在小麦植株根、茎、叶中的累积量顺序为：根＞茎＞叶;Cd能够显著促进HHCB在小麦根部的累积,而对HHCB在小麦茎和叶中的累积则起抑制作用,抑制率最高可达44.07%.褐土中单一HHCB在小麦植株根、茎和叶中的累积顺序为：根>叶>茎;Cd对HHCB在小麦根部累积的影响不显著,但是中高浓度Cd却可显著促进HHCB在小麦茎和叶中的累积,促进率最高可达35.95%.潮土中Cd在小麦植株各部分的累积量低于褐土,但2种土壤中HHCB均能够明显促进Cd在小麦植株根、茎、叶中的累积.潮土中Cd在根、茎、叶中的累积量增加率分别为30.84%、61.82% 和61.82%,褐土中Cd在根、茎、叶中的累积量增加率分别为 41.53%、184.16% 和206.18%,可见褐土中HHCB对Cd在小麦植株中累积的促进作用强于潮土.     

福州城郊冬夏两季大气中HCHs和DDTs分布特征

2010年冬、夏两季,利用大流量采样器采集了福州市大气样品,并用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC-mECD)分析其中六六六(HCHs)和滴滴涕(DDTs)残留水平、分布特征及来源.结果表明,大气ΣHCHs浓度范围为28.04~413.0 pg/m3,总体而言,城区高于郊区,夏季高于冬季,气相高于颗粒相;气相中HCHs浓度夏季高于冬季,颗粒相中则相反;夏季气相中HCHs浓度显著高于颗粒相,而冬季气相与颗粒相中HCHs浓度基本相当.4种HCHs异构体中,气相与颗粒相中均是δ-HCH相对含量最高.大气ΣDDTs浓度范围为146.5~897.8 pg/m3,总体而言,郊区高于城区,冬季高于夏季,颗粒相高于气相;气相中DDTs浓度夏季高于冬季,颗粒相中则相反;冬季颗粒相中DDTs浓度显著高于气相,而夏季颗粒相与气相中DDTs浓度无显著差异.4种DDTs异构体/同系物中,气相中o,p′-DDT的相对含量最高,颗粒相中o,p′-DDT和p,p′-DDT相对含量较高.来源解析表明,福州城郊大气中HCHs非历史污染,存在林丹的使用或输入;大气中可能存在DDTs输入,并可能有大量三氯杀螨醇的输入.     

沈阳市大气微生物区系分布的研究

本文研究了沈阳市不同环境位置大气微生物分布情况，实验结果表明、市区大气中细菌数量明显高于郊区，市区中繁华的商业区、交通路口也明显多于学校、工厂和居民小区．霉菌郊区多于市区．放线菌在市区与郊区的分布差别不大．郊区大气清洁，市区大气污染严重．尤其是繁华的商业区、交通路口大气污染最为严重．