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1.
This paper introduces an integrated water management model at the industrial park level. It suggests four approaches to water
management: first, direct water reuse among users; second, water reuse among users by blending with freshwater; third, water
reuse between users and a wastewater treatment plant; and fourth, groundwater recharge by reclaimed wastewater or other feasible
applications in order to optimize the overall water efficiency. The model results in a comprehensive management methodology
for optimizing water resources within an industrial park, seeking potential water reuse among industries, and incorporating
the size and cost of reclaimed wastewater delivery systems. A case study is employed to test the model’s feasibility. An economic
analysis of the optimized water use network is also carried out, showing the potential water and cost savings. 相似文献
2.
Aiding multi-level decision-making processes for climate change mitigation and adaptation 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Katherine A. Daniell María A. Máñez Costa Nils Ferrand Ashley B. Kingsborough Peter Coad Irina S. Ribarova 《Regional Environmental Change》2011,11(2):243-258
Progress towards climate change aware regional sustainable development is affected by actions at multiple spatial scales and
governance levels and equally impacts actions at these scales. Many authors and policy practitioners consider therefore that
decisions over policy, mitigation strategies and capacity for adaptation to climate change require construction and coordination
over multiple levels of governance to arrive at acceptable local, regional and global management strategies. However, how
such processes of coordination and decision-aiding can occur and be maintained and improved over time is a major challenge
in need of investigation. We take on this challenge by proposing research-supported methods of aiding multi-level decision-making
processes in this context. Four example regionally focussed multi-level case studies from diverse socio-political contexts
are outlined—estuarine management in Australia’s Lower Hawkesbury, flood and drought management in Bulgaria’s Upper Iskar
Basin, climate policy integration in Spain’s Comunidad Valenciana and food security in Bangladesh’s Faridpur District—from
which insights are drawn. Our discussion focuses on exploring these insights including: (1) the possible advantages of informal
research-supported processes and specifically those that provide individual arenas of participation for different levels of
stakeholders; (2) the complexity of organisation processes required for aiding multi-level decision-making processes; and
(3) to what extent progress towards integrated regional policies for climate change aware sustainable development can be achieved
through research-supported processes. We finish with a speculative section that provides ideas and directions for future research. 相似文献
3.
While it is widely known that sustainable development is the only sound and viable pathway for humankind’s future, its attainment remains elusive despite intensive efforts and some successes. The current industrial society approach based on product and process innovation in a variety of fields is not providing the expected results in addressing this important issue. In an attempt to carry out this unavoidable task, Osaka University’s Research Institute for Sustainability Science (RISS) introduces an integral and dynamic innovation system where technology plays a key role in fulfilling societal functions. This innovation system adopts a highly solution-driven approach that makes use of backcasting techniques based on long-term visions and mid-term strategic goals. Since technology management is the key to propelling effective innovation towards sustainability, we propose a technology transition management through the interaction of technology push, demand pull and institutional design, along with eight transition principles. RISS will develop this innovation system based on these three components and through the design of dynamic scenarios and their roadmaps. 相似文献
4.
Vinish Kathuria 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2007,9(2):107-130
The common effluent treatment plants (CETPs) are being propagated as the policy response to circumvent the pollution problem
from the small-scale industries (SSIs), which abound in developing countries. The formation of the CETPs has been hailed as
a collective action or co-operative solution to a common problem involving all the agents responsible for pollution. This
paper investigated the desired criteria for designing an institution aimed at solving a common resource problem and factors
ensuring the smooth functioning or sustainability of the institution. The design criteria and factors are then tested on a
CETP set up in the Indian state of Haryana. The CETP, which was commissioned in 1997 had to be converted to a sewage treatment
plant (STP) as the collective arrangement collapsed. The criteria used in the present analysis are that of Ostrom’s [Governing the Commons. Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press, 1990] design principles, whereas the factors considered for sustainability are
the one suggested by Rawls [A Theory of Justice. USA, Harvard University Press, 1971]. The analysis indicates that the Kundli CETP failed in both counts as neither all the
design principles were met nor did the institution fulfil different sustainability criteria. The paper concludes with the
lessons that can be learnt from Kundli’s failure.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. 相似文献
5.
C. A. Kessler 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2008,10(2):233-247
In Bolivia, recent decentralisation policies have broadened the participation of local actors in development processes. However,
development is far from sustainable, and poverty and natural resources degradation still increase. The challenge is to develop
strategies that achieve the genuine participation of poor farmers in natural resources management and sustainable development.
The logical strategy, which was developed and validated in five Bolivian mountain villages, is an example. In this strategy,
first a solid foundation for sustainable development is laid, with activities focussing on five basic conditions for sustainable
development in rural villages: leadership and organisation, responsible participation, effective collaboration, mutual trust
and environmental awareness. The results show that the existence of a solid foundation is crucial for the success of other
development activities, such as soil and water conservation activities. However, given that 2 years after the project’s withdrawal
the firmness of the foundation had slightly weakened, it was concluded that a better integration of these villages in local
development processes is essential to profit from the new dynamics. This is especially true for soil and water conservation.
To achieve this integration, municipalities—with the support of international development agencies—must be encouraged to invest
in laying this solid foundation in rural villages and in facilitating follow-up activities to keep the dynamic process going.
This study shows that such investments result in better organised villages, more equality, and the genuine participation of
more people in sustainable village development. Effective collaboration and accountability at institutional level are, however,
required. 相似文献
6.
This article focuses on the problems of water governance at a river basin level, and on the role of institutional coordination,
participation and partnerships between multiple stakeholders towards sustainable water management. Its approach presupposes
that institutional capacity building, strengthening coordination between government institutions (vertical and horizontal),
on the one hand, and broadening participation and consolidating partnerships between public, private and civil society actors,
on the other hand, is among effective tools in integrated water resource management in river basins. It explores environmental
challenges, problems, emerging trends and recent institutional innovations in the Volga basin in Russia—the largest river
basin in Europe. Transfer and adaptation of good practices in good water governance between the EU and Russia are discussed.
This article presents some research findings and lessons learned from practice by the EC international project ‘CABRI—Cooperation
along a big river: Institutional coordination among stakeholders for environmental risk management in the Volga basin’, which
is assessed as one of the selected success stories of the European research.’ 相似文献
7.
David Manuel-Navarrete Gilberto C. Gallopín 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2012,14(3):321-333
This article discusses the role of knowledge governance arrangements in the mainstreaming of sustainable practices, in particular,
in the creation, sharing and use of integrated and contextualized knowledge. That is, knowledge which accounts for the social,
economic, institutional, and ecological dimensions of potentially sustainable practices, and which considers the need to adapt
generic practices to the sustainability requirements of specific places. An actor-centered approach is proposed for the study
of the historical evolution of knowledge governance arrangements in order to understand their role in the adoption of sustainable
practices. The approach is applied to explain the rapid adoption of no-till agriculture in the Argentine Pampas. A radical
knowledge governance transformation occurring in this region during the 1990s led to increasing knowledge exchange and pushing
sustainability practices to the top of key actors’ agendas. This embracing of no-till agriculture illustrates the crucial
role played by farmers’ associations as boundary organizations: linking farmers with actors specialized in the generation
of scientific knowledge and technology. This case reveals that sustainability transitions can be fostered through knowledge
governance arenas characterized by: (a) promoting public–private collaboration through boundary organizations, (b) assigning
private actors a leading role in the adoption of sustainability practices at the production unit scale, (c) fostering the
public sector competence in regional and socio-ecological research, and (d) addressing the heterogeneous needs of knowledge
users. However, the case also shows that the success of no-till agriculture in the Pampas is pushing the agriculturization
of surrounding areas where this practice is largely unsustainable. This finding suggests that present knowledge governance
arrangements fail to contextualize practices that are potentially sustainable. 相似文献
8.
Shanmugam Packialakshmi N. K Ambujam Prakash Nelliyat 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2011,13(2):423-438
This paper describes the informal groundwater market existing in the urban–peri-urban interface of Chennai. The private water
tanker suppliers and packaged water industries utilize the land and water resources of the peri-urban villages. Thus, the
groundwater sources in peri-urban areas play a significant role in meeting the growing urban demand. The villages that are
experiencing the groundwater market are highly influenced by the urbanization and its related activities, due to their proximity
to the city. The transfer of groundwater from the peri-urban villages not only deprives the peri-urban areas of their water
rights but also leads to environmental damage. Agriculture declined in the water marketed villages in the range of 20–95 per
cent during 1990–2007. The pre-monsoon and post-monsoon groundwater level fluctuation varied from 2–6 m to 0–5 m, respectively,
during 1971–2007. The declining trend of the groundwater table and agriculture is highly significant in the water marketing
villages. Moreover, the present groundwater quality is also in a susceptible state due to over extraction. Hence, strengthening
the legal and institutional framework to ensure an equitable access to water for both urban and peri-urban areas is urgently
required. This paper also describes the characteristics of the groundwater transfer, quantification of the marketed water,
the role of the existing regulatory framework, and the institutional mechanisms. Many stakeholder’s meeting and focus group
discussions have been conducted in the villages under study for understanding the socio-economic implications of the water
market. The study ultimately emphasized a sustainable groundwater extraction/market which will safeguard the interests of
the peri-urban and urban communities. 相似文献
9.
Irrigated agriculture is a main user of groundwater. Achieving a sustainable use of groundwater will often require agricultural
land-use changes such as shifting to entirely different kinds of crops and/or technologies. Enhanced understanding of land-use
change is hence required for developing policies for a sustainable water future. We use an agent-based model to investigate
the history of irrigated agriculture in the Upper Guadiana Basin, Spain, in order to learn about the influence of farmers’
characteristics on land-use change and associated groundwater over-use. A shift from vineyards and cereals to horticultural
crops would provide a possibility for higher income with less water use. Such a shift cannot be observed historically. The
model results suggest that risk aversion and path dependency are insufficient to explain this observation, and the organisational
set-up of farms limiting the maximum labour force needs to be considered as additional explanatory factor. Furthermore, it
is shown that different types of farms existing in the UGB can be expected to exhibit distinct responses to drivers of land-use
change such as agricultural policies. It is concluded that a sound understanding of the social system making use of a resource
is required to solve problems of resource over-use. This article demonstrates that agent-based models can be useful tools
to enhance such an understanding even in situations of scarce and uncertain data that are often encountered when dealing with
resource-use problems. 相似文献
10.
The over-abstraction of aquifers and the modification of landscape–water systems often result in the degradation of groundwater resources and the loss of related ecosystem services. Many of these problems are associated with failure of governance and management regimes. Thus, groundwater resources require innovative approaches that deal with system complexity moving governments toward adaptive and integrated management. Vertical (hierarchical) and horizontal (cross-sectoral) integration structures are crucial characteristics of adaptive governance and support sustainable management of groundwater ecosystem services. The research objective of this article is to investigate linkages between these integration structures, the governance regime and the state of groundwater ecosystem services across three case studies: Sandveld (South Africa), Upper Guadiana (Spain) and Spree (Germany). First, we developed a set of criteria indicating vertical and horizontal integration and then applied a conceptual and analytical approach, the Management and Transition Framework, specifically developed to support a systematic and consistent investigation of policy and management processes. Results indicate that higher degrees of integration during management activities do not identify a direct improvement of groundwater ecosystem services. But evidence highlights that integration (1) opens up the political arena for environmental perspectives, (2) increases the quality of groundwater and conservation plans, (3) accelerates the implementation of policies, (4) mitigates conflicts between different groundwater users and (5) increases the awareness of different ecosystem services. Finally, we conclude that compared with other natural resources, groundwater management still lacks participation, multi-level interactions and sectoral integration, especially at higher levels of management. 相似文献
11.
Tofael Ahamed M. I. N. Khan Tomohiro Takigawa Masayuki Koike Farhat Tasnim J. M. Q. Zaman 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(5):933-954
A combined approach utilizing GIS, Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) has been developed
for resource mapping in a rural poverty-prone area of Bangladesh. This model integrated GIS and participatory tools to include
the voices of the stakeholders in assessing available resources and needs. The resource mapping framework, developed using
PRA with local community people and community gatekeepers, was aimed at sustainable resource management, and ArcView GIS was
used to digitize the resource maps as a Decision Support System (DSS). A detailed assessment and analysis of the quality,
quantity and physical status of resources was first mapped in the field and then digitized using GIS. FGD-based interaction
with community people at each union in a subdistrict of Bangladesh revealed stakeholders’ opinions on land and water body
management. The present paper demonstrates the power of this model as a policy-making tool for sustainable development and
poverty eradication. It also recognized the need for collaboration between interdisciplinary policy planners and researchers
to develop and implement a policy on agricultural resource management for poverty-prone areas. 相似文献
12.
Jayanath Ananda George Domazetis John Hill 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(5):1051-1071
A ‘roadmap’ has been devised for a progressive greening of the Australian chemical industry over the next two decades. The
roadmap is based on a set of interactive principles broadly termed ‘economic’, ‘social’, ‘technological’, ‘environmental’
and ‘political’, which collectively form the ‘drivers of change’ in chemical industry strategy/business/policy planning—leading
to greater efficiency and economic sustainability of this industry. The proposed roadmap pre-supposes that real economic,
societal and environmental benefits can be obtained through greater use of existing and emerging green chemical technology.
It can play an important role in developing a sustainable chemical industry in Australia. Primarily, the proposed roadmap
involves a paradigm shift of the business operating plan and a significant mindset change of management. 相似文献
13.
Jonathan M. H. Green Gemma R. Cranston William J. Sutherland Hannah R. Tranter Sarah J. Bell Tim G. Benton Eva Blixt Colm Bowe Sarah Broadley Andrew Brown Chris Brown Neil Burns David Butler Hannah Collins Helen Crowley Justin DeKoszmovszky Les G. Firbank Brett Fulford Toby A. Gardner Rosemary S. Hails Sharla Halvorson Michael Jack Ben Kerrison Lenny S. C. Koh Steven C. Lang Emily J. McKenzie Pablo Monsivais Timothy O’Riordan Jeremy Osborn Stephen Oswald Emma Price Thomas David Raffaelli Belinda Reyers Jagjit S. Srai Bernardo B. N. Strassburg David Webster Ruth Welters Gail Whiteman James Wilsdon Bhaskar Vira 《Sustainability Science》2017,12(2):319-331
Delivering access to sufficient food, energy and water resources to ensure human wellbeing is a major concern for governments worldwide. However, it is crucial to account for the ‘nexus’ of interactions between these natural resources and the consequent implications for human wellbeing. The private sector has a critical role in driving positive change towards more sustainable nexus management and could reap considerable benefits from collaboration with researchers to devise solutions to some of the foremost sustainability challenges of today. Yet opportunities are missed because the private sector is rarely involved in the formulation of deliverable research priorities. We convened senior research scientists and influential business leaders to collaboratively identify the top forty questions that, if answered, would best help companies understand and manage their food-energy-water-environment nexus dependencies and impacts. Codification of the top order nexus themes highlighted research priorities around development of pragmatic yet credible tools that allow businesses to incorporate nexus interactions into their decision-making; demonstration of the business case for more sustainable nexus management; identification of the most effective levers for behaviour change; and understanding incentives or circumstances that allow individuals and businesses to take a leadership stance. Greater investment in the complex but productive relations between the private sector and research community will create deeper and more meaningful collaboration and cooperation. 相似文献
14.
On-going population growth and resulting domestic demand for water require rapid and effective decision-making as regards groundwater management and control of the various sources of salinization and pollution in Coastal aquifers. Sustainability of water resources for utilization by future generations must therefore be a high priority, not only for the purpose of fulfilling needs for water usage but also for bringing people into harmony with their ambient natural environment.The objective of this paper is to propose an empirical approach for prioritization of the needs involved for sustainable aquifer management. The approach involves a schematic format to:(1) develop a global understanding of an aquifer's hydrological and environmental properties in order to delineate appropriate eco-hydrological scenarios and recommend corresponding operational management activities; and(2) emphasize the importance of educating and increasing the awareness of the population involved as to the need for and viability of socially acceptable measures for sustainable management of groundwater and other resources.The psychologist Abraham Maslow utilized a pyramid to illustrate that until people's most basic needs were fulfilled, higher levels of needs would remain irrelevant. This paper postulates a comparable pyramid prioritizing hydrological needs required for progressing towards sustainable groundwater resources. Two sub-regions of Israel's Coastal aquifer in the Sharon region have been presented as representative areas, each characterized by different stress of exploitation. In assessing these sub-regions situation, specific measures have been recommended for achieving and/or maintaining sustainable groundwater resources in light of the ambient environment, and the level of the population on the pyramidal hierarchy of groundwater needs. 相似文献
15.
Urbanization and sustainability: challenges and strategies for sustainable urban development in Bangladesh 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Md. Masud Parves Rana 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2011,13(1):237-256
Like other developing countries, urbanization in Bangladesh is a growing phenomenon, which is steady in nature but fretfully
affects urban sustainability in the wake of lacking in good governance. Despite urban authorities are concerned about this
issue, they often fail to address the problems due to the fact of uncontrollable and unpredictable rural to urban migration,
and negligence of urban poor’s sustainable living and access to basic services. Virtually the rural poverty problem has been
transposed to urban areas, particularly in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Inadequacy of infrastructural services, basic amenities
and environmental goods; environmental degradation; traffic jam and accidents; violence and socioeconomic insecurity are the
major challenges which are created through rapid urbanization. This paper provides a general understanding of urbanization
in Bangladesh and tries to embrace related sustainability issues and challenges hindrance to sustainable urban development
in Dhaka city. In addition, it presents a brief case study of water supply in Dhaka city which introduces an issue of ‘system
hijack’. The paper concludes providing some strategies that might be helpful to the policy makers in formulating development
policies for sustainable urban services. 相似文献
16.
Soil management practices for sustainable agro-ecosystems 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A doubling of the global food demand projected for the next 50 years poses a huge challenge for the sustainability of both
food production and global and local environments. Today’s agricultural technologies may be increasing productivity to meet
world food demand, but they may also be threatening agricultural ecosystems. For the global environment, agricultural systems
provide both sources and sinks of greenhouse gases (GHGs), which include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). This paper addresses the importance of soil organic carbon (SOC) for agro-ecosystems and GHG uptake and emission in agriculture,
especially SOC changes associated with soil management. Soil management strategies have great potential to contribute to carbon
sequestration, since the carbon sink capacity of the world’s agricultural and degraded soil is 50–66% of the historic carbon
loss of 42–72 Pg (1 Pg=1015 g), although the actual carbon storage in cultivated soil may be smaller if climate changes lead to increasing mineralization.
The importance of SOC in agricultural soil is, however, not controversial, as SOC helps to sustain soil fertility and conserve
soil and water quality, and organic carbon compounds play a variety of roles in the nutrient, water, and biological cycles.
No-tillage practices, cover crop management, and manure application are recommended to enhance SOC storage and to contribute
to sustainable food production, which also improves soil quality. SOC sequestration could be increased at the expense of increasing
the amount of non-CO2 GHG emissions; however, soil testing, synchronized fertilization techniques, and optimum water control for flooding paddy
fields, among other things, can reduce these emissions. Since increasing SOC may also be able to mitigate some local environmental
problems, it will be necessary to have integrated soil management practices that are compatible with increasing SOM management
and controlling soil residual nutrients. Cover crops would be a critical tool for sustainable soil management because they
can scavenge soil residual nitrogen and their ecological functions can be utilized to establish an optimal nitrogen cycle.
In addition to developing soil management strategies for sustainable agro-ecosystems, some political and social approaches
will be needed, based on a common understanding that soil and agro-ecosystems are essential for a sustainable society. 相似文献
17.
Water Resource Management in Botswana: Balancing Sustainability and Economic Development* 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dianne Rahm Larry Swatuk Erica Matheny 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2006,8(1):157-183
Botswana is a rapidly developing country in southern Africa. Over the last three decades, diamond mining and tourism have
provided double-digit rates of economic growth. Yet most of Botswana’s land is in the Kalahari desert where the climate is
subject to sustained periods of severe drought. In this environment, water resources are the most crucial of all environmental
resources. Water use directly affects economic development because water utilization impacts all the major national economic
sectors. A sustainable water use resource management plan must stretch several decades into the future to assure the availability
of adequate supplies of water to future generations while not compromising the ability of the current generation to reasonable
rates of economic development. Yet thinking about sustainability is present in Botswana water policy mostly only in rhetoric.
A series of cultural traditions and political constraints, coupled with bureaucratic managerial weaknesses, serve to maintain
a system of water allocation that is unsustainable in the long run and inefficient in the short-term. Unless sustainable water
use patterns are adopted, the results for the short-term, as well as the long-term, will be devastating. Drawing on data obtained
through a series of interviews with government officials, leaders of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and water resource
researchers, this paper explores water policy in Botswana within the larger context of sustainable natural resource management
practice and the pressures of economic development.
This research was partially funded under U.S. Department of State, College and University Affiliations Grant # ASCS-1095. 相似文献
18.
In this article, we analyse how the Internet is used to bring visibility to water affairs. We focus on the way different organisations
exploit the Web in order to participate in the debates about water policy in Spain and to define the topics concerned. To
do this, we have drawn up an issue network articulated around an alternative and sustainable water policy called ‘New Water
Culture’. We examine the composition of this web structure, its hyperlinking styles, key nodes and political trajectories.
The outcomes indicate that the ‘New Water Culture’ has become a main frame in Spanish environmental policy. Supported both
by governmental and non-governmental players, the ‘New Water Culture’ struggles between two opposing trends: its expulsion
from the public sphere and efforts to open it up to scrutiny from political outsiders. 相似文献
19.
20.
Agustin Robles-Morua Alex S. Mayer Mary H. Durfee 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(1):197-213
There is a growing recognition in developing countries that community participation in water and sanitation projects is a
necessary strategy in sustainable development. The main advantage of following such an approach is that, if participation
can encourage a sense of ownership of the projects, the benefits of the project are more likely to extend over the long term.
The case study at hand focuses on the challenges faced in implementing a wastewater treatment system to solve an environmental
and public health problem in a rural community, Rosario de Tesopaco, in northwest Mexico. Until recently, the community has
been unable to implement an effective plan to treat the wastewater generated in the community. The problems faced by the community
can be attributed to the political arrangement of water and sanitation decentralization in Mexico that occurred in the mid
1980’s, whereby communities were required to meet wastewater treatment standards, but were not given the technical and political
guidance needed to achieve this goal. However, in this instance, cooperation between the authorities in Rosario de Tesopaco,
the federal agency for social development, and an academic institution has led to the successful design and approval of a
wastewater treatment project. This achievement can be attributed to the use of an effective collaborative strategy, tailoring
the project to the needs and capacity of the local community, positioning the community as the leaders and owners of the project.
A model for following this strategy for developing rural sanitation projects in Mexico is proposed.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. 相似文献