降低循环流化床锅炉污染物排放的措施

对循环流化床锅炉运行影响NOx和SO2生成的主要因素进行了分析,并提出了降低NOxSO2排放量的具体措施。     

增压流化床联合循环（PFBC）系统及其环保特性

简述了增压流化床联合循环（ＰＦＢＣ）技术发展概况、系统特点及环保特性,介绍了国外一些ＰＦＢＣ电站的运行状况。     

德国燃煤灰渣的综合利用

介绍德国燃煤灰渣的质量管理、灰渣的种类以及各类灰渣的综合利用途径，并对德国燃煤灰湘综合的特点进行了分析，以期对我国的燃煤灰渣综合利用起到启发及借鉴作用。     

日本生活垃圾焚烧灰渣的资源化利用

日本生活垃圾的焚烧率高达80%,对焚烧灰渣的处理也比较先进,其资源化利用方式主要有在熔融设施进行熔融处理后制成熔融灰渣、作为水泥原料及路基材料等。介绍了日本生活垃圾焚烧灰渣的产生及资源化利用情况,以期对我国处理焚烧灰渣有所借鉴。     

内江电厂循环流化床锅炉示范电站及环境效益

介绍内江发电总厂４１０ｔ／ｈ循环流化床锅炉和配套系统,以及运行中存在的问题、处理措施等。从该示范电站运行可看出,循环流化床系统不仅具有燃料适应性广、燃烧效率高等优点,而且具有脱硫等显著的环境效益,投运后监测数据表明,ＳＯ２、ＮＯｘ、ＣＯ、烟尘等排放浓度均很低,脱硫效率达９１％。     

小龙潭电厂循环流化床锅炉运行评述

阐述了国电小龙潭发电厂1025t／h循环流化床（CFB）锅炉燃用褐煤的优势，并结合系统调试、运行过程中发现的问题，提出解决措施。     

CFB锅炉灰渣的应用研究

总结了CFB锅炉灰渣与常规灰渣物理、化学特性的差异，分析了这些特性在应用中的优劣性，并介绍了CFB锅炉灰渣的应用现状．     

火电厂排水用于循环冷却补充水的探讨

以淮北等电厂应用厂区排水，徐州等电厂应用灰渣排水作为循环冷却补充水的工程为实例，对水量水质与工艺流程作了介绍；对净化技术和运行综合参娄和作了汇总，根据我国火电厂水量水质多年来的调查统计资料，就循环冷却补充水应达到的水质提出了一些看法，并对火电厂排水净化工艺与开展排水资源化工作提出了探讨意见     

美国电厂的灰渣处置

1985年美国公用电厂燃煤6.5亿吨,排灰渣6500万吨。1990年耗煤量将达10亿吨,排灰渣9000万吨(包括烟气脱硫废渣在内,不仅面临着愈来愈多灰渣的处置问题,还要注意防止灰场渗水污染地下水(如铁、硒等)。     

Synthesis and Characterization of Polyols and Polyurethane Foams from PET Waste and Crude Glycerol

In this study, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste from post-consumer soft-drink bottles and crude glycerol from the biodiesel industry were used for the preparation of polyols and polyurethane foams. PET waste was firstly depolymerized by the glycolysis of diethylene glycol. The glycolyzed PET oligomers were then reacted with crude glycerol at different weight ratios to produce polyols via a series of reactions, such as esterification, transesterification, condensation, and polycondensation. The polyols were characterized by titration, viscometry, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and differential scanning calorimetry. Subsequently, polyurethane (PU) foams were made via the reaction between the produced polyols and polymeric methylene-4,4′-diphenyl diisocyanate and were characterized by mechanical testing, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Polyols from crude glycerol and their PU foams were also prepared to compare properties with those of polyols and PU foams from PET and crude glycerol. The influence of aromatic segments existing in glycolyzed PET and glycerol content on the properties of the polyols and PU foams was investigated. It was found that aromatic segments of polyols from glycolyzed PET helped increase their molecular weights and improve thermal stability of PU foams, while high glycerol content in polyols increased the hydroxyl number of polyols and the density and compressive strength of PU foams.     

电厂建设运行中的水土流失预测与水土保持设计

在燃煤电厂建设运行的同时,将引起一系列的水土流失问题.以四川国电金堂电厂二期扩建工程为例,简要说明项目区水土流失预测的内容和方法,并在其基础上对可能产生的水土流失和危害进行了分析,同时介绍了建设期和运行期采取的综合防治措施,为类似工程的水土保持提供借鉴.     

磷对环境的污染及防治对策

我国水体富营养化严重，其主要控制因子是磷。在分析磷污染的污染状况，污染源的基础上，介绍了防治对策，采用低磷循环冷却水处理剂，减少磷排放，是防止工业磷污染的有效方法。     

Pyrolysis of virgin and waste polypropylene and its mixtures with waste polyethylene and polystyrene

A comparison of waste and virgin polypropylene (PP) plastics under slow pyrolysis conditions is presented. Moreover, mixtures of waste PP with wastes of polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS) were pyrolyzed under the same operating conditions. Not only the impact of waste on degradation products but also impacts of the variations in the mixing ratio were investigated. The thermogravimetric weight loss curves and their derivatives of virgin and waste PP showed differences due to the impurities which are dirt and food residues. The liquid yield distribution concerning the aliphatic, mono-aromatic and poly-aromatic compounds varies as the ratio of PP waste increases in the waste plastic mixtures. In addition to this, the alkene/alkane ratio of gas products shows variations depending on the mixing ratio of wastes.     

北京市居民衣服消费处置及对其回收利用认识调查与分析

首先对北京市居民每年购买新衣服的数量、支出、穿着时间、淘汰原因,以及闲置衣服的处理方式、数量等进行了调查与分析,然后对北京市居民对旧衣物回收利用的认识、回收形式及其处理方式,对旧衣物如何处理回收、再利用的担忧,对希望旧衣物回收箱摆放的场所等进行了调查与分析。其研究结果对废旧纺织品回收体系建设、制度及政策制定具有一定的参考价值。     

Photo-oxidation and Photo-toxicity of Crude and Refined Oils

The fate and effects of an oil spill are effected by solar radiation through the action of photo-oxidation and photo-toxicity. Photo-oxidation, an important process in the weathering of oil, produces a variety of oxidized compounds, including aliphatic and aromatic ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, fatty acids, esters, epoxides, sulfoxides, sulfones, phenols, anhydrides, quinones and aliphatic and aromatic alcohols. Some of these compounds contribute to the marine biota toxicity observed after an oil spill. Photo-toxicity occurs when uptake of certain petroleum compounds, e.g. certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and benzothiophenes, is followed by solar exposure which results in much greater toxicity than after dark uptake. The mechanism of PAH photo-toxicity includes absorbance of solar radiation by the PAH which produces a free radical and this free radical in turn reacts with oxygen to produce reactive oxygen species that can damage DNA and other cellular macromolecules. While most studies on photo-toxicity have been carried out in the laboratory, there are studies showing that water from an oil spill is photo-toxic to bivalve embryos for at least a few days after the spill. Other studies have found that oil contaminated sediments are photo-toxic to several marine invertebrates. More studies are required to determine if marine fauna at an oil spill site are effected by the action of photo-toxicity and photo-oxidation.     

Novel and innovative pyrolysis and gasification technologies for energy efficient and environmentally sound MSW disposal

Within the context of European Union (EU) energy policy and sustainibility in waste management, recent EU regulations demand energy efficient and environmentally sound disposal methods of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). Currently, landfill with its many drawbacks is the preferred option in the EU and many other industrialised countries. Within the waste management hierarchy thermal disposal especially incineration is a viable and proven alternative. But, the dominating method, mass-burn grate incineration has drawbacks as well particularly hazardous emissions and harmful process residues. In recent years, pyrolysis and gasification technologies have emerged to address these issues and improve the energy output. To keep the many players in the field comprehensively informed and up-to-date, novel and innovative technology approaches emphasising European developments are reviewed.     

高校环境管理和废弃物处理处置

高校是社会的一个特殊群体,承载着人才培养、科学研究、社会服务和文化传承创新等重任.解决好广大师生在日常工作、学习和生活中所产生的各类废弃物的处理处置问题,以及大学校园的环境规划和环境管理问题,是办好现代大学的重要工作.就高校面临的环境问题、高校环境管理的特殊性和高校废弃物处理处置中应该注意的问题等进行探讨.     

微生物絮凝剂及其在水处理中的应用

近年来对微生物絮凝剂的研究不断深入，新的高效菌种不断被发现。简要介绍了微生物絮凝剂的絮凝机理、分关、絮凝效果及影响因素，重点介绍了新型微生物絮凝剂在水处理中的应用。