活性组分含量和复合载体对SCR催化剂脱硝活性的影响

采用浸渍法制备V2O5 - WO3/TiO2催化剂,研究了活性组分WO3和V2O5含量对催化剂脱硝活性的影响.在催化剂载体中加入SiO2或Al2O3粉末,考察了复合载体对催化剂性能的影响.实验结果表明:适宜的WO3质量分数为10％,V2O5质量分数为0.50％;在催化剂载体中加入SiO2或Al2O3粉末,一定程度上降低...     

用赤泥和粉煤灰制备聚合氯化铝铁絮凝剂和SiO2

以工业固体废弃物赤泥和粉煤灰为原料,经过酸浸、水解、聚合等步骤,制备复合型无机高分子絮凝剂聚合氯化铝铁.考察了酸浸出温度、盐酸浓度和浸出时间对赤泥和粉煤灰中Fe、Al溶出率的影响,并确定了最佳工艺条件.提取Fe、Al后的滤渣,采用碱溶法制备SiO2,考察了反应条件对实验结果的影响.结果表明,赤泥和粉煤灰中Fe和Al的溶出率都达到80.0％以上,SiO2的溶出率为65.0％.     

利用高硅铁尾矿制备氧化铁及二氧化硅微粉

采用酸浸法处理高硅铁尾矿,制备工业原料Fe2O3和SiO2微粉.最佳工艺条件为:反应温度100℃,反应时间90 min,铁尾矿中位粒径6.19 μm,盐酸体积分数60％.在上述最佳条件下,制备的SiO2产率(所得产品中SiO2的质量占原铁尾矿中SiO2质量的比例,下同)达98.2％,品质达到YB/T 115-2004《...     

碳热还原电厂粉煤灰冶炼硅铝铁合金

电厂粉煤灰中主要含有SiO2和Al2O3,且含有一定量的残炭。采用粉煤灰和铝土矿等为主要原料进行了高温下制备硅铝铁合金研究,结果表明,利用电厂粉煤灰和铝土矿为主要原料,配加赤铁矿、硅石和添加剂CaF2,在1 880℃时经碳热还原可以制备硅铝铁合金,提高粉煤灰的利用价值,减少其环境污染。在1 750℃时,还原反应进行不完全,得不到硅铝铁合金。在1 880℃时还原出的合金主要成分为Si,Al和Fe,其平均含量分别为27.69%,8.75%和58.81%,合金的主要物相为Al0.3Fe3Si0.7,SiC,FeSi和FeC。     

加压酸浸法提取粉煤灰中的Al2O3和Fe2O3

采用加压酸浸法提取粉煤灰中的A12O3和Fe2O3.实验研究了粉煤灰粒径、硫酸质量分数、反应时间、反应温度对粉煤灰中Al2O3和Fe2O3浸取率的影响,并通过SEM对粉煤灰酸浸前后的形貌进行了分析.实验结果表明,当粉煤灰粒径为75μm、硫酸质量分数为50％、反应温度为180℃、反应时间为4h时,粉煤灰中的Al2O3浸取率可达82.4％,Fe2O3浸取率为76.1％,经酸浸后粉煤灰的剩余率为72.4％.     

化学循环燃烧载氧体的研究进展

化学循环燃烧是集分离捕集CO2和去除NOx为一体的新型燃烧技术。介绍了化学循环燃烧的发展背景、工艺原理及特点;综述了化学循环燃烧载氧体的选材、载氧体的性能要求,对各系载氧体（如NiO系、Fe2O3系、CuO系、CoO系和Mn2O3系载氧体）的性能进行了对比分析;提出了Fe2O3、Fe2O3／Al2O3（质量分数为60％的Fe2O3＋质量分数为40％的Al2O3）、NiO／NiAl2O3（质量分数为50％的活性NiO＋质量分数为50％的NiAl2O3）是当前的优势载氧体,并对载氧体的发展做了展望。     

拜耳法赤泥制备三聚磷酸铝

拜耳法赤泥经石灰石烧结改性、盐酸浸取及碱液处理等工序得到氢氧化铝干胶,再以氢氧化铝干胶和工业磷酸为原料,通过中和反应、缩合反应和水化反应合成三聚磷酸铝.经单因素条件实验和正交实验得到最佳工艺条件为:磷酸体积(mL)与氢氧化铝干胶质量(g)的比3,中和反应温度常温,缩合反应温度290℃,缩合反应时间4h.在最佳工艺条件下合成的试样中,Al2O3和P2O5的含量与工业三聚磷酸铝ATP-200相近,经IR分析,该试样即为三聚磷酸铝.盐雾试验结果表明合成的三聚磷酸铝的防腐性能达到ATP-200的性能指标.     

粉煤灰对采油废水中污染物质的吸附研究

利用粉煤灰吸附去除采油废水中的石油类和COD,去除率分别为70%～80%和20%左右.以含SiO2、Al2O3和Fe2O3为主的粉煤灰吸附由复杂组分组成的采油废水中的石油类和COD的过程十分复杂,其中石油类的吸附等温线为S型,COD的吸附等温线很不规则.粉煤灰处理采油废水试验的较优操作条件搅拌时间15 min,转速300 r/min,废水pH 7.2～7.8,灰水比为1∶50.     

木醋调质石灰石直接硫化反应特性研究

针对O2/CO2燃烧技术适于采用炉内喷钙脱硫方式脱硫而钙利用率仍有较大提升空间的问题,采用木醋废液调质改性石灰石,并利用热分析方法对木醋调质石灰石在O2/CO2气氛下的直接硫化反应特性进行了试验研究。试验结果表明石灰石经木醋调质后直接硫化反应性能显著提高,反应温度、吸收剂粒径以及反应气氛中SO2和O2的浓度都对直接硫化反应存在影响,分析认为调质对石灰石热解固体产物微观结构的改善是脱硫性能得以显著提升的主因。     

从废感光胶片中回收银

研究了以Fe3 -乙二胺四乙酸二钠-N a2S2O3体系为浸取剂从废感光胶片中回收银的方法,考察了浸出银的最佳工艺条件。实验表明,当浸取剂中FeC l3.6H2O质量浓度为35g/L、N a2S2O3.5H2O质量浓度为150g/L、pH为7、固液质量比为3∶10时,浸取剂可重复使用6次,胶片上银的浸出率可达99%以上;浸取液中的银采用硼氢化钠还原回收,粗银粉配以熔剂高温熔炼可得到纯度达99.78%的银,银回收率达96.88%,回收银后的浸取液可循环使用。     

Diopside-based glass-ceramics from MSW fly ash and bottom ash

By utilising MSW fly ash from the Shanghai Yuqiao municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration plant as the main raw material, diopside-based glass-ceramics were successfully synthesized in the laboratory by combining SiO(2), MgO and Al(2)O(3) or bottom ash as conditioner of the chemical compositions and TiO(2) as the nucleation agent. The optimum procedure for the glass-ceramics is as follows: melting at 1500 degrees C for 30 min, nucleating at 730 degrees C for 90 min, and crystallization at 880 degrees C for 10h. It has been shown that the diopside-based glass-ceramics made from MSW fly ash have a strong fixing capacity for heavy metals such as lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd) etc.     

Petrogenetic characteristics of molten slag from the pyrolysis/melting treatment of MSW

MSW slag materials derived from four pyrolysis melting plants in Japan were studied from the viewpoint of petrology in order to discriminate the glass and mineral phases and to propose a petrogenetic model for the formation process of molten slag. Slag material is composed of two major components: melt and refractory products. The melt products that formed during the melting process comprise silicate glass, and a suite of minerals as major constituents. The silicate glass is essentially composed of low and high silica glass members (typically 30% and 50% of SiO(2), respectively), from which minerals such as spinels, melilite, pseudowollastonite, and metallic inclusions have been precipitated. The refractory products consist mainly of pieces of metals, minerals and lithic fragments that survived through the melting process. Investigations demonstrated that the low silica melts (higher Ca and Al contents) were produced at upper levels of high temperature combustion chamber HTCC, at narrower temperature ranges (1250-1350 degrees C), while the high silica melts formed at broader temperature ranges (1250-1450 degrees C), at the lower levels of HTCC. The recent temperature ranges were estimated by using CaOAl(2)O(3)SiO(2) (CAS) ternary liquidus diagram that are reasonably consistent with those reported for a typical combustor. It was also understood that the samples with a higher CaO/SiO(2) ratio (>0.74-0.75) have undergone improved melting, incipient crystallization of minerals, and extensive homogenization. The combined mineralogical and geochemical examinations provided evidence to accept the concept of stepwise generation of different melt phases within the HTCC. The petrogenesis of the melt products may therefore be described as a two-phase melt system with immiscible characteristics that have been successively generated during the melting process of MSW.     

Chemical-mineralogical characterisation of coarse recycled concrete aggregate

The construction industry is now putting greater emphasis than ever before on increasing recycling and promoting more sustainable waste management practices. In keeping with this approach, many sectors of the industry have actively sought to encourage the use of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) as an alternative to primary aggregates in concrete production. The results of a laboratory experimental programme aimed at establishing chemical and mineralogical characteristics of coarse RCA and its likely influence on concrete performance are reported in this paper. Commercially produced coarse RCA and natural aggregates (16-4 mm size fraction) were tested. Results of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses showed that original source of RCA had a negligible effect on the major elements and a comparable chemical composition between recycled and natural aggregates. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses results indicated the presence of calcite, portlandite and minor peaks of muscovite/illite in recycled aggregates, although they were directly proportioned to their original composition. The influence of 30%, 50%, and 100% coarse RCA on the chemical composition of equal design strength concrete has been established, and its suitability for use in a concrete application has been assessed. In this work, coarse RCA was used as a direct replacement for natural gravel in concrete production. Test results indicated that up to 30% coarse RCA had no effect on the main three oxides (SiO2, Al2O3 and CaO) of concrete, but thereafter there was a marginal decrease in SiO2 and increase in Al2O3 and CaO contents with increase in RCA content in the mix, reflecting the original constituent's composition.     

Characterization of alkali-activated thermally treated incinerator bottom ash

The fine fraction (<14mm) of incinerator bottom ash (IBA) obtained from a UK energy from waste plant has been milled and thermally treated at 600, 700, 800 and 880 degrees C. Treated materials have been activated with Ca(OH)(2) (10wt%) and the setting times and compressive strengths at different curing times measured. In addition to decomposition of CaCO(3) to CaO, thermal treatment increases the content of gehlenite (Ca(2)Al(2)SiO(7)), wollastonite (CaSiO(3)) and mayenite (Ca(12)Al(14)O(33)). Thermally treated samples were significantly more reactive than milled IBA and heating to 700 degrees C produced a material which rapidly set. Silica, gehlenite and wollastonite were the main crystalline phases present in hydrated samples and a mixed sulphate-carbonate AFm-type phase (Ca(4)Al(2)O(6)(CO(3))(0.67)(SO(3))(0.33).11H(2)O) formed. Significant volumes of gas were generated during curing and this produced a macro-porous microstructure that limited strength to 2.8MPa. The new materials may have potential for use as controlled low-strength materials.     

利用含铝废盐酸制备聚合氯化铝

以某医药企业产生的含铝废盐酸为原料制备了液体聚合氯化铝(PAC)。确定了适宜的有机物去除方法和碱化剂,考察了碱化剂投加量、废盐酸铝离子含量等合成条件对PAC产品指标的影响,并比较了自制PAC和市售PAC对该企业污水站二沉池出水的混凝效果。实验结果表明:采用活性炭吸附法去除废盐酸中有机物,选择固体Ca O作为碱化剂,在活性炭投加量1‰(w)、吸附时间1 h、铝离子含量9.5%(w,以Al_2O_3计)、CaO投加量80 g/L、反应时间24 h的条件下,制备的液体PAC达到行业标准HG/T 2677—2017《工业聚氯化铝》中的Ⅲ类标准;自制PAC对废水COD和SS的去除率均优于市售PAC,不仅可替代其使用,还可外售产生经济效益。     

Characterization of a thermal power plant air heater washing waste: a case study from Iran.

In Iran most of the electricity is generated by thermal power plants. As a result of fuel oil burning in winter time, the air heaters of the boilers have to be washed and cleaned frequently. The wastewater originating from air heater washing is then treated in an effluent treatment plant by chemical precipitation followed by dewatering of the sludge produced. The resulting waste is classified as specific industrial waste that should be characterized in detail under the Waste Management Act of Iran. The quantity of this waste produced in the studied power plant is about 20 tonnes year(-1). In the present investigation, the first to be carried out in Iran, seven composite samples of dewatered sludge from air heater washing wastewater treatment were subjected to investigation of the physical properties, chemical composition and leaching properties. The most likely pollutants that were of concern in this study were heavy and other hazardous metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn and V). The results revealed that mean pH, wet and dry density and moisture content of the waste were 6.31, 1532 kg m(-30, 1879 kg m(-3) and 15.35%, respectively. Magnetite, SiO2, P2O5, CaO, Al2O3 and MgO were the main constituents of the waste with a weight percentage order of 68.88, 5.91, 3.39, 2.64, 2.59 and 1.76%, respectively. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure test results for some heavy and other hazardous metals showed that mean elemental concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn in leachate were 0.06, 1.55, 5.49, 36.32, 209.10, 0.58, 314.06 and 24.84 mg L(-1), respectively. According to the Waste Management Act of Iran this waste should be classified as hazardous and should be disposed of in accordance with hazardous waste disposal regulations.     

Chemical durability of glasses obtained by vitrification of industrial wastes

The vitrification of zinc-hydrometallurgy wastes, electric arc furnace dust (EAFD), drainage mud, and granite mud was shown to immobilize the hazardous components in these wastes. Batch compositions were prepared by mixing the wastes with glass-cullet and sand to force the final glass composition into the glass forming region of the SiO2-Fe2O3-(CaO, MgO) system. The vitrification was carried out in the 1400-1450 degrees C temperature range followed by quenching in water or on stainless steel mold. The United States (US) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) toxic characterization leaching procedure (TCLP) test was used as a standard method for evaluating the leachability of the elements in the glasses and glass-ceramics samples made with different percentages of wastes. The results for EAFD glasses highlighted that the chemical stability is influenced by the glass structure formed, which, in turn, depends on the Si/O ratio in the glass. The chemical durability of jarosite glasses and glass-ceramics was evaluated by 24 h contact in NaOH, HCl and Na2CO3, at 95 degrees C. Jarosite glass-ceramics containing pyroxene (J40) are more durable than the parent glass in HCl. Jarosite glass-ceramics containing magnetite type spinels (J50) have a durability similar to the parent glass and even lower in HCl because the magnetite is soluble in HCl.