配电自动化改造与安全生产

通过配电自动化改造,加强了电力系统运行的稳定性,减少了电气运行安全漏洞.改造后WEB电力信息网的发布实现了资源共享,为热电厂、装备部、电调等管理决策部门提供了及时全面和可靠的信息,另外还减少了重复劳动,提高了工作效率,为精益化生产、创办节能型企业提供了保证.     

和工友一起提高——记一位主管安全的车间主任助理

“爸爸,看到你生气时的脸,我就害怕,什么都不知道了,脑袋里一片空白,还怎么能明白你的话!我只能说自己懂了……”韩明耀给初中的女儿辅导家庭作业,一道题讲了两遍,还不会。他深吸了一口气,压着性子又讲了一遍,言语当中有了不耐烦,再问:“会不会?”女儿看了看他的脸,低下头:“知道了。”后来,他去学校开家长会,老师让每个同学写好了一     

手提式砂轮机操作事故的产生与预防

从人机系统的观点出发,对两起手提式砂轮机伤人事故进行了分析,找出了产生事故的原因,分析了人机系统与事故的关系,提出了预防措施,给出了操作要领。     

从安全培训教育入手,强化人员素质管理

2000年3月～2001年11月,贵州省某工程总公司针对老路改建过程中的施工成本高效益低的特点,从对施工管理人员和民工的安全教育培训入手,增强了安全观念,强化了人员素质,保证了各项安全生产管理制度的落实,避免了各种安全事故,取得了明显经济效益.……     

我国报警运营服务业发展全面提速

近年来,我国报警运营服务业在经过了十几年的摸索、积累及市场导入宣传后,呈现出了加速发展的态势,初步统计目前从业企业已达到3000多家,从业人员超过100万人,市场增长率达到了30%以上,已经超过了安防行业的整体增长速度。同时,不少企业实现了规模化经营,大多数省会级城市都出现了入网用户在10000家以上的龙头企业,经营效益也较几年前有了很大的改观。     

桥梁工程施工中事故环境风险评估

笔者分析了桥梁工程施工过程中的事故环境的风险特征 ,介绍了桥梁结构设计、施工、地质、水文及气象等因素影响 ,评述了典型事故案例 ,特别讨论了桥梁施工中的种种风险因素分析 ,给出了各类因素的施工风险水平排序 ,提出了风险评估方法的建议     

“安全是索道的生命”——记江西三清山索道有限公司总经理杨跃

<正>1996年9月,寂静的江西三清山开通了第一条空中之路——外双溪索道,并于2009年进行了设备更新升级。如今,外双溪索道已经走过了18个年头,出色完成了党和国家领导人、申遗专家的视(考)察及国内外数千万游客的接待任务,提升了三清山的知名度和社会影响力,为促进当地旅游经济发展做出了不可磨灭的贡献。特别是2007年,三清山通过了联合国教科文组织世     

事故经济损失评估理论与方法研究

简要分析了国内外事故损失评估理论与方法的共同特点及问题 ,对事故经济损失的概念和计算范围进行了比较清晰的界定 ,给出了新的事故经济损失分类方法 ,在此基础上提出了新的事故经济损失评估理论 ,建立了评估模型 ,明确了从企业角度和国家角度评估事故经济损失的方法     

“逃之夭夭,遑遑其途”

人多了,什么样的品种都有;车多了,什么离奇的事故都有;出了事故后,什么样的处理方式都有。这几年,随着车子数量的猛增,各种各样的车祸层出不穷,令人心生惶恐。本来,出了事故,打个122,等交警来处理,假如有伤者,赶紧打120,先抢救人要紧,这,都是正道。可是,事到临头,就不是这样子了,可以说,考验人的时候到了。     

长在心上的树

<正>奶奶的一生竟和一棵树有关。小时候,我经常看到奶奶望着门前的树发呆,这是一棵槐树。我就问奶奶你看啥?奶奶说是看树。我心里就奇怪,这树有啥看的呢?奶奶就说,这不是一棵普通的树,而是长在心里的树,等你长大后,你就明白了。每年春天,槐树就开满了花,树上就像落了一层厚厚的雪,雪花上飞满了嗡嗡叫的小蜜蜂。我发现,每年槐树开花,奶奶的脸上就布满了笑容,看槐树时眼里就多了几丝柔情。一天,奶奶赶集去了。我偷偷爬上树,摘了不少槐花,还弄断了不少树枝,我摘槐花是想让我妈给我做槐花饭吃。下午,奶奶回来了,奶奶见我弄得满地的槐花,非常     

冷却圆筒高温烟气伤人事故原因分析、安全评价与对策

对第二烧结厂冷筒高温烟气伤人事故原因进行了详细分析 ,并对冷筒作业环境的危险性作了定量评价 ,最后在分析与评价的基础上 ,提出了相应的安全措施     

一起起重机电气故障引发的钩头坠落事故剖析

某厂电炉分厂发生一起起重机钩头坠落事故。经分析 ,该事故是由电气故障引起的。提出了防范措施     

Accident prevention approach throughout process design life cycle

The accident rate in the chemical process industry (CPI) has not been decreasing although majority of accident causes have been identified and could have been prevented by using existing knowledge. These recurring accidents show that the existing knowledge has not been used effectively. In this paper, accident knowledge learned from earlier accident analyses are utilized to predict the common design errors during chemical plant design. An accident prevention approach throughout process design life cycle is proposed for a safer design consideration where designers are guided to identify common design errors, accident contributors and critical points to look for. The accident prevention approach has been applied to analyze the BP Texas City Refinery Explosion and Fire tragedy.     

过程液氯贮槽装置封闭厂房及事故氯吸收塔联用安全效用分析

分析、设立液氯贮槽液相泄漏的几种典型事故情景,并利用液相泄漏、液池蒸发、重气扩散和人员中毒死亡概率等模型对比研究封闭厂房及事故氯吸收塔等安全措施对液氯贮槽液相泄漏扩散中毒后果的影响,给出不同事故情景下液氯泄漏速率、液池半径、液池蒸发速率、室外氯气中毒死亡概率等事故后果特征值。对封闭厂房及事故氯吸收塔安全效用进行定量分析和比较研究。结果表明,液氯贮槽的封闭厂房对抑制液氯泄漏扩散中毒事故后果效用明显;事故氯吸收塔能消除液氯贮槽微小孔泄漏所对应的小事故情景,还能对封闭厂房最严重泄漏事故后果起到初期削峰作用。显然,封闭厂房及事故氯吸收塔联用可以降低液氯贮槽事故影响后果,具有良好安全效用。     

A New Safety Risk Index for Use in Petrochemical Planning

Risk analysis is being used to evaluate and manage the potential of unwanted events in the chemical processing industry. The risk in this study is the risk posed by chemical plant accidents and it is presented in a simple quantitative form. A safety risk index is formulated that represents the maximum number of people that might be affected if an accident occurred that caused the release of all the plant inventory of a chemical. The index has four terms: frequency of accidents; hazardous effect of the chemical; inventory of the chemical released; size of the plant. The overall unit of the index is expressed as the number of people affected per year from the plant operation and is formed in a particularly simple manner so as to be suitable for the comparison of safety risk within a model for planning the development of the petrochemical industry.     

Accidents and risk control

A framework for transformation of knowledge and experience from risk analysis to emergency education is presented. An accident model was developed built on the concept “uncontrolled flow of energy (UFOE)”, where essential elements are the state, location and movement of the energy. A UFOE can be considered as the driving force of an accident, e.g. an explosion, a release of heavy gases. A domain model has been developed for representing emergencies occurring in society. A domain is a group of activities with allied goals and elements, and the domain model uses three main categories: status, context and objectives. Ten specific domains have been investigated including process plant, energy production and distribution, natural disasters and different sorts of transport. Totally 25 accident cases were consulted and information was extracted for filling into the schematic representations with two to four cases pr. specific domain.     

化工装置爆炸事故模式及预防研究

对建国以来我国已经发生的典型化工装置爆炸事故原因进行了统计分析 ,总结了爆炸危险性的影响因素。结合对已经发生的事故案例的剖析 ,提取并建立了装置内爆炸事故模式 ,对各种模式的爆炸机理和发生条件进行了初步的研究分析 ,并提出事故的预防措施 ,以期指导安全生产     

某钢厂桥式起重机事故案例及预防措施

对某钢厂几起桥式起重机的事故案例进行了分析，提出了防止该类事故发生的措施。     

Method for identifying errors in chemical process development and design base on accidents knowledge

It has been claimed that the high accident rate in the chemical process industry is due to poor dissemination of accident knowledge that affects directly the level of learning from accidents. In response to this situation, this paper utilized past accident knowledge as a basis to develop a safety oriented design tool whereby the accident information were directly disseminated into plant design. The method was developed based on our previous accident analysis of design error in which the common design errors were ranked in accordance to their frequency and its origins during normal plant design project. Based on the design error ranking and its origin at a specific design phases, a method for design error detection is proposed. The method is expected to be able to identify the possible design error and its causes throughout chemical process development and design. The main objective is to trigger safe design thinking at the specific design phases so that appropriate action for risk reduction could be timely implemented. The Bhopal and BP Texas tragedies are used as case studies to test and verify the method. The proposed method can detect up to 74% of design errors.     

核电厂人因事故预防的定量化决策

人因事故的分析与预防是核电厂安全运行和管理的重要内容。笔者提出的系统安全性层次分析法主要从两种角度考虑系统的安全性:专家能力权值和安全性矩阵的建立。采用专家判断矩阵确定事故原因对系统安全性的重要度排序。举例某核电厂事故定量分析进行说明,在对事故进行原因分析基础上,构建事故影响因素层次模型,利用层次分析法分析得出事故原因重要度排序由高到低依次为组织管理、操作人员、人机界面、培训与设备状态,并据此提出了相应的预防与改进措施,为安全性要求较高的复杂工业系统提供事故预防的定量化决策依据。