里杜湖富营养化综合评价及预测

根据里杜湖水库的水质监测及水文资料，选择评分法结合生物优势种评价法以及“源－效应”预测模型对里杜湖水库水质的营养状态进行综合评价及预测。结果表明：里杜湖水库水质已轻度富营养化，并有逐年加重的趋势。旨在正确评价和预测里杜湖水库营养状态，并为同类水库的营养状态评价及预测提供参考和借鉴，从而为水库水质管理及富营养化的控制提供科学依据。     

环境污染与防治第25卷2003年总目次

第 1期建设生态省　推进“绿色浙江”张鸿铭 (1 )…………………………………………………………………………有毒化学品销毁设施的环境保护向江洪　宋楚华 (4)……………………………………………………………苏北地区农业环境问题及管理方案的探讨刘青松　盛静芬　王　颖 (6)………………………………………鸭河口水库水体总氮、总磷预测研究黄锦辉　李　群　潘轶敏 (1 0 )……………………………………………雨后入湖溪流磷污染对西湖的影响及其对策唐孟成　俞秋红　王寿祥 (1 2 )…………………………………中国持久性有机污染物嫌疑物…     

浙江海涂水库水质淡化的分析与预测

浙江省境内已建有多个并拟建若干个海涂蓄淡水库。蓄淡水库的水质的水质淡化问题是该类水库水环境的一个重要方面，也是工程成功与否的关键。通过对蓄淡水库盐淡水掺混特性分析，以及对已建蓄淡水库水质淡化的回顾评价，从而对某拟建蓄淡水库的淡化历程作了预测，并提出影响水质淡化的因素及其防治措施。     

水产养殖对水体富营养化的影响

通过对养殖水体和水库水体总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）含量的监测，分析了养殖污水排入前后的水库水体营养盐变化情况。从上游到下游的各点，营养指数有下降的趋势，由此得出结论，养殖污水的排入，是导致水库营养盐增加的主要原因，这为水库富营养化的治理提供了依据。     

大钟岭水库的浮游植物种群结构及四季变化

通过对大钟岭水库为期一年的监测，总结出水库水质在贫营养水平至中富营养水平之间波动。对大钟岭水库的浮游植物进行了检测，共检测出浮游植物6个门35种（属），其优势种群：在夏季为甲藻门，约占总生物量的54．29％，春、秋和冬季为绿藻门，分别占总生物量的16．76％、39．59％和29．71％，由此看出，浮游植物的变化具有明显的季节性。     

本质模型在河流(河口)、湖泊(水库)水质管理中的应用

水质模型适用于河流、河口、湖泊及水库的水质预测、水质规划和水质管理.本文着重介绍了线性规划在水质管理中的应用,动态规划法在环境问题中的应用,并以桂林城市发展对漓江水质的估算和沱江氮污染容量的估算为例论述了水质模型在污染防治中的应用.     

石头口门水库流域水污染物排放总量控制目标的确定方法研究

流域水污染物排放总量控制目标的确定是当前总量控制领域的研究热点。采用ReNuMa模型对石头口门水库流域建立了污染源—水质的定量响应关系,从径流量、总氮的模拟结果来看,模型的模拟精度满足要求。其次,建立了包括4部分内容(容量总量控制目标、规划年预测排污量、目标合理性因子、环境管理调控系数)的流域总氮总量控制目标确定模型。通过模型计算得到2020年石头口门水库流域总氮的总量控制目标为2.49万t。该总量控制目标确定模型统筹了目标总量控制与容量总量控制要求,兼具科学性与可行性。     

北方干旱地区水库富营养化模拟

北方干旱区水库具有防洪、灌溉、城市供水多种功能,其富营养化控制具有重要意义。以对汾河水库水质长期监测数据为基础,结合水动力模型、物质输移扩散模型及富营养化生命过程建立富营养化耦合模型,研究不同情景下水库流场特征及营养物质的时空分布规律。研究表明,水库部分区域已发生富营养化,且库区内污染物浓度超标范围较大,提出上游排放口污染物削减方案,为汾河水库乃至整个北方干旱地区水库的富营养化控制提供技术支持。     

网箱养鱼对简阳三岔湖水库总磷浓度和溶解氧影响的模型研究

本文依据湖泊、水库的箱式模型理论，建立了简阳三岔湖水库网箱养鱼总磷模型和容解氧模型。并利用这一模型对不同网养面积下三岔湖水库总磷浓度和溶解氧进行了模拟实验。结果指出：按照三岔湖１９９１年养鱼特征和水文特征，网养面积最好不超过４．４×１０４ｍ２，绝对不能超过６×１０４ｍ２。     

青山水库的浮游植物与营养类型评价

共鉴定青山水库藻类58属101种，其中有多污水体指示种5种，α－中污水体指示种24种、β－中污水体指示种49种，寡污水体指示种21种。优势种为窄颗粒直链藻（Melosiragranulatavar.angustissima）、颗粒直链藻（M.granulata）和小颤藻（Oscillatoriatenuis）。浮游植物的细胞密度为8.53×107个／L，生物量为16.34mg／L，叶绿素a为16.86mg／m3。根据浮游植物群落结构和水化学分析结果，青山水库已属富营养型水体，并有继续发展的趋势，控制污染，保护水质已刻不容缓。     

Seasonal variation in dissolved gaseous mercury and total mercury concentrations in Juam Reservoir, Korea

Dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM) and total mercury (TM) concentrations were measured in Juam Reservoir, Korea. DGM concentrations were higher in spring (64+/-13pgL(-1)) and summer (109+/-15pgL(-1)), and lower in fall (20+/-2pgL(-1)) and winter (23+/-6pgL(-1)). In contrast, TM concentrations were higher in fall (3.2+/-0.1ngL(-1)) and winter (3.3+/-0.1ngL(-1)) than in spring (2.3+/-0.1ngL(-1)) and summer (2.2+/-0.4ngL(-1)). DGM concentrations were correlated with water temperature (p<0.0001), ORP (p<0.0001), UV intensity (UV-A: p=0.008; UV-B: p=0.003), and DOC concentration (p=0.0107). DGM concentrations varied diurnally with UV intensity. The average summer DGM (109+/-15pgL(-1)) and TM (2.2+/-0.4ngL(-1)) concentrations in Juam Reservoir were higher than the averages for North American lakes (DGM=38+/-16pgL(-1); TM=1.0+/-1.2ngL(-1)), but lower than levels reported for Baihua Reservoir in China.     

Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface water and sediment near a drinking water reservoir in Northeastern China

The levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the water and the sediment samples collected near the Mopanshan Reservoir—the most important drinking water resource of Harbin City in Northeast China—were examined. A total of 16 PAHs were concurrently identified and quantified in the three water bodies tested (Lalin River, Mangniu River, and Mopanshan Reservoir) and in the Mopanshan drinking water treatment plant during the high- and low water periods. The total PAH concentrations in the water and sediment samples ranged from 122.7 to 639.8 ng/L and from 89.1 to 749.0 ng/g dry weight, respectively. Similar spatial and temporal trends were also found for both samples. The lowest Σ₁₆PAH concentration of the Mopanshan Reservoir was obtained during the high water period; by contrast, the Lalin River had the highest concentration during the low water period. The PAH profiles resembling the three water bodies, with high percentages of low-molecular weight PAHs and dominated by two- to three-ring PAHs (78.4 to 89.0 %). Two of the molecular indices used reflected the possible PAH sources, indicating the main input from coal combustion, especially during the low water period. The conventional drinking water treatment operations resulted in a 20.7 to 67.0 % decrease in the different-ringed PAHs in the Mopanshan-treated drinking water. These findings indicate that human activities negatively affect the drinking water resource. Without the obvious removal of the PAHs in the waterworks, drinking water poses certain potential health risks to people.     

Use of EO-1 Advanced Land Imager (ALI) multispectral image data and real-time field sampling for water quality mapping in the Hirfanlı Dam Lake, Turkey

This paper focuses on the evaluation of water quality variations in Hirfanl? Water Reservoir, which is one of the most important water resources in Turkey, through EO-1 (Earth Observing-1) Advanced Land Imager (ALI) multispectral data and real-time field sampling. The study was materialized in 20 different sampling points during the overpass of the EO-1 ALI sensor over the study area. A multi-linear regression technique was used to explore the relationships between radiometrically corrected EO-1 ALI image data and water quality parameters: chlorophyll a, turbidity, and suspended solids. The retrieved and verified results show that the measured and estimated values of water quality parameters are in good agreement (R ²?>?0.93). The resulting thematic maps derived from EO-1 multispectral data for chlorophyll a, turbidity, and suspended solids show the spatial distribution of the water quality parameters. The results indicate that the reservoir has average nutrient values. Furthermore, chlorophyll a, turbidity, and suspended solids values increased at the upstream reservoir and shallow coast of the Hirfanl? Water Reservoir.     

青山水库底泥磷释放与库区水体磷浓度的关系

通过对青山水库底泥磷释放特性的实验结果分析,对照库区水体浓度监测的数据,确定了库区各测点底磷释放量与水体浓度之间的关系,进而为库区环境总量控制与各支流的分配计算提供了依据。同时也为防止水库的进一步富营养化,进而改善水质提供了新的思路。     

Assessment of water quality in the Alqueva Reservoir (Portugal) using bioassays

Background, aim, and scope  

Alqueva Reservoir is the biggest artificial freshwater reservoir in Europe and is an important water supply for human and agricultural consumption in the Alentejo region (Portugal). Pollution can impair environmental and human health status, and to assure water quality and ecological balance, it is crucial to frequently monitor water supplies. In this study, we used an ecotoxicological test battery to identify the potential toxicity of water from this reservoir.     

程序化的未确知测度模型用于水环境质量评价

未确知测度模型用于水环境质量评价具有合理性。为使模型更加完善，提出将未确知测度模型建立过程标准化，使其具有通用性。并针对水质评价指标众多致评价过程复杂、计算量大的情况，利用MATLAB软件将标准化后的未确知测度模型设计为既定的程序，依靠计算机模拟来实现水质评价。通过对浮桥河水库水质的评价结果及与其他多种方法的对比，表现出标准化模型的客观性、合理性，MATLAB程序的实用性、快捷性。程序化的未确知测度模型标准化后可进行推广。     

程序化的未确知测度模型用于水环境质量评价简

未确知测度模型用于水环境质量评价具有合理性。为使模型更加完善，提出将未确知测度模型建立过程标准化，使其具有通用性。并针对水质评价指标众多致评价过程复杂、计算量大的情况，利用MATLAB软件将标准化后的未确知测度模型设计为既定的程序，依靠计算机模拟来实现水质评价。通过对浮桥河水库水质的评价结果及与其他多种方法的对比，表现出标准化模型的客观性、合理性，MATLAB程序的实用性、快捷性。程序化的未确知测度模型标准化后可进行推广。     

Historical record of nutrients inputs into the Xin’an Reservoir and its potential environmental implication

The Xin’an Reservoir is an important water supply source and water conservation area for the Qiantang River. However, after the occurrence of the two algae blooms in 1998 and 1999, the safety of water quality has been put into question. In order to study the historical deposition of nutrients, sediment cores were collected in different regions from the Xin’an Reservoir. The stable isotopes δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N, nutrients, total organic carbon (TOC), and inorganic carbon (IC) in the sediment cores were determined. Radiometric methods (²¹⁰Pb and ¹³⁷Cs) were used to obtain sediment chronologies. Spatially, it was found that the average total nitrogen (TN) content in the upper 5 cm of sediments increased from 0.21% in the riverine zone, to 0.33%, and then to 0.57% in the lacustrine zone. The average TP content in the upper 5 cm increased from 0.67 g kg^?1 in the riverine zone, to 1.03 g kg^?1 in the estuary region, and then to 1.65 g kg^?1 in the lacustrine zone. In addition, TOC levels showed a distinct increase from 1.42% in the bottom to 5.97% in the surface of the lacustrine zone. These results demonstrated that although primary productivity and the input of nutrients constantly increased in recent years, algae blooms rarely occurred in the Xin’an Reservoir, due to “depth effect” and an aquatic environment protection-oriented fishery policy. However, high TOC flux and high bio-available phosphorus and nitrogen in surface sediment demonstrated that the reservoir is still confronted with the potential risk of algae blooms.     

Prospects for cultivating white mulberry (Morus alba) in the drawdown zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China

Restoration of vegetation is the most viable management approach for restoring ecological functions in the drawdown zone (hydro-fluctuation belt) of the Three Gorges Reservoir. The selection of plants for this purpose is therefore critically important. Most indigenous plants are not adapted, however, to the counter-seasonal fluctuation of water levels and rapid changes of up to 30 m in water depth that characterize the management of the reservoir. As a result, the reservoir drawdown zone tends to be vegetation deficient. Mulberry (Morus alba L.) has attracted attention as a suitable woody plant for restoring woody vegetation because of its strong adaptation to environmental stresses and the finding that it survives up to 7 m of flooding in parts of the drawdown zone. Comprehensive evaluation of research is therefore required in order to provide guidance for the rational use of mulberry in vegetation restoration strategies for the drawdown zone. Knowledge of the physiology of mulberry adaptation to stress is reviewed here, along with a detailed review of the ecology and agricultural benefits and limitations of mulberry in the context of the Three Gorges Reservoir. It is proposed that a cultivation model for mulberry plants based on ecological principles should be adopted for use within the drawdown zone and that a wider range of biophysical and socio-economic research to develop this model further should be conducted in the future.     

Chemical contamination of the Rybinsk Reservoir, northwest Russia: relationship between liver polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) content and health indicators in bream (Abramis brama)

The Rybinsk Reservoir (Russia) is the largest artificial waterbody in Europe (4550 km2) and provides drinking water for population of the cities located along the coast line. Industrialization in Cherepovets at the northeastern portion of the reservoir, including one of the largest metallurgical facilities in Europe, has resulted in chemical contamination of the reservoir. The extent of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) contamination in bream liver, a common fish species, taken from six locations in the Rybinsk Reservoir and Volga River, and biochemical and morphometric biomarkers of fish health were investigated. Liver PCB concentrations ranged from non-detected to 3.4 microg/g wet wt of liver, with the greatest concentrations found in fish taken near the industrialized area in Sheksna Reach of Rybinsk Reservoir. The source of the bream contamination is the PCB pollution of bottom organisms and sediments conditioned with industrialization facilities of Cherepovets. The patterns of the PCB congeners in the livers of bream taken near Cherepovets were similar at all of the stations that were sampled around the reservoir and Volga River. Among the common fish health biomarkers used only liver total ChE activity and liver-somatic index in bream near Cherepovets can reflect environmental pollution. Other morphometric (FCF, Clark's condition factors, and spleen-somatic index) and biochemical (protein content and acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain) biomarkers related with fish health varied among locations, but were not correlated to the concentrations of PCBs in the bream livers.