神奇的味蕾

<正>想一想,你现在最想吃的是什么?是酸甜可口的糖醋排骨,是新鲜多汁的西瓜,是口感甘醇略带点苦的巧克力,还是辣味十足的辣子鸡……再想一想,你现在最不喜欢吃的是什么?是苦到流泪的中药,是酸到极致的柠檬汁,还是甜到腻的奶油蛋糕……是的,一旦食物进到嘴里,我们就能分辨出它到底是酸是甜,     

履行《生物多样性公约》的代价

如果我们致力于保护全世界现有丰富的生物多样性，我们就必须清楚地认识到：保护生物多样性是每个人和全社会做出的选择。这一选择是基于如何区分价值和供选择的可行性判断之上的。破坏和保护生物多样性是价值判断的结果，这种判断是在区分什么是自然和什么是生活期望的框架中进行的。地球上的生物多样性正在丧失和变化，人们从生物多样性利用和保护中得到的利益和为保护生物多样性所花费的代价是不成比例的，     

处处都可“催眠”你

"放松,完全放松,现在你感觉会很困,慢慢闭上眼睛……"当你听到这些话时你想到了什么?医生、按摩师还是魔术师,其实这些都不对,这是催眠师工作时常用的催眠指令. 在日常生活中,我们随时随地都可能踏进催眠的"陷阱",催眠在医疗、商务、个人发展等很多领域都发挥着巨大的作用.     

新加坡城市生物多样性保护

正城市生物多样性可简单理解为城市(包括小城镇和城市)范围内的生物多样性。据世界卫生组织(WHO)统计,2014年全球城市人口占比达到54%,预计到2050年,这一比例将达到67%,可以说城市生物多样性是我们最易接触到的生物多样性资源,为城市提供了一系列的生态服务和功能,如保护城市自然生态及本地物种、降低城市热岛效应、减少能量损耗、净化城市等。然而城市的发展也导致了城市生物多样性降低,如外来种入侵、本地种的灭绝等,当前城市生物多样性保护面临非常严峻的形势,     

奏响中国建设生态文明的新乐章——专访中国生态学会理事长、中科院研究员王如松

编者按:中共十七大报告中首次提出"生态文明"这一理念,并将"建设生态文明"作为实现全面建成小康社会的目标之一,在海内外引起了强烈反响.什么是生态文明?它包括哪些内涵?如何根据中国的国情建设生态文明?生态文明与哲学、生态文明与传统文化等之间的联系是什么?……带着这些问题,记者走访了中国生态学会理事长、中科院生态环境研究中心研究员王如松.     

班主任的使命

<正>引子:今天拟定这个题目,出于两个情境:1.不只一次听一些家长对孩子的班主任说:"老师,拜托了,你的话比我们家长的话管用……"也不只一次地看到孩子扬起天真的笑脸自豪地对自己的父母说:"我们老师说的!"我们教师,尤其是班主任,在孩子的成长中应该起到什么样的作用?这种作用应该发挥到什么程度?这是不是一种使命?2.因为我是教政治的,所以,在我的课堂上经常会听到孩子们对当今社会很多问题的质疑,而质疑并不是可怕的,可怕的是很多孩子会认为那些优秀的道德观念或是我们的社会理想不过是课本上的说说而已。探究这种价值取向的成因,一定是受我们成年人世界的影响,这里面包括社会、家庭,当然也包括我们老师自己。有很     

生物多样性和生物多样性公约的冷知识

<正>随着生物多样性公约第十五次缔约方大会（COP15）的召开,生物多样性开始广泛进入公众的视野,并在国内掀起了热潮。但你知道生物多样性一词是怎么来的吗？生物多样性有那么多定义,到底哪个才是标准的？生物多样性公约又是怎么形成的？公约为什么既要签署还要批准？为什么有一个联合国成员国没有成为公约缔约方……我们来一起了解一下吧。     

深呼吸

呼吸,人类维持生命的最基本动作,它的特殊形式就是深呼吸。当你深呼吸的时候,你会想到什么?终于把功课做完了,明天还有会要开呀……曾否想过你正在呼吸的空气?     

创意生活馆

<正>俗话说,读万卷书,行万里路。让我们在充满热情的暑假里,来一场说吃就吃的旅行吧!暑假里,你去了什么地方?吃了什么好吃的?别忘了将有趣的见闻告诉大嘴喔!拍一张手持《创新作文》或写着"创新作文"字样的纸张的照片,发到微博并@我们,还有机会被推荐到我们的杂志或网站上,成为"最闪创粉",并获得神秘小礼物喔!     

IPBES:生物多样性和生态系统服务政府间科学政策平台

正什么是IPBES?IPBES是"Intergovernmental SciencePolicy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services"的缩写,中文名称是生物多样性和生态系统服务政府间科学-政策平台。IPBES的概念最初来源于生物多样性科学知识国际机制(IMo SEB)和千年生态系统评估(MA)的后续行动。2008年在德国波     

Attempts to train goldfish to respond to magnetic field stimuli

Two different conditioning procedures, one appetitive and the other aversive, were used in separate attempts to demonstrate response to magnetic fields in the goldfish, Carassius auratus. Our results lead us to question those of an orientation experiment by Becker, although we recognize the possibility that goldfish may be sensitive primarily to magnetic field direction rather than intensity and that their directional sensitivity may be evidenced most readily by orientation in the field.     

从生态旅游到低碳旅游——从理念到实践

阐述了生态旅游、低碳旅游的基本概念,分析了生态旅游存在的不足,提出低碳旅游的量化及建立各项标准及其指标评价体系并将之融入低碳旅游全过程以实现低碳旅游的标准化,重点在于实现低碳理念、低碳参与者及低碳实践3个方面的有机结合,以促进旅游业的可持续发展的可操作性建议.     

以学定教,提高课堂教学效率

根据心理学理论,学习是一个学生内化的过程,学生是自主学会的,而不是被动教会的。因此在教学中,教师只有做到以学定教,才能有效提高教学效率,促进学生对知识的掌握。     

如何做好突发环境事件应急监测的快速响应

应急监测是突发性环境污染事故处置中的首要环节,是对污染事故及时、正确地进行应急处理、减轻事故危害和制定恢复措施的根本依据。文章从制定应急监测预案、加强应急监测能力建设、摸清污染源状况、加强应急培训和应急演练等方面对做好突发环境事件应急监测的快速响应作了简要的阐述,供大家探讨。     

Croppers to livestock keepers: livelihood transitions to 2050 in Africa due to climate change

The impacts of climate change are expected to be generally detrimental for agriculture in many parts of Africa. Overall, warming and drying may reduce crop yields by 10–20% to 2050, but there are places where losses are likely to be much more severe. Increasing frequencies of heat stress, drought and flooding events will result in yet further deleterious effects on crop and livestock productivity. There will be places in the coming decades where the livelihood strategies of rural people may need to change, to preserve food security and provide income-generating options. These are likely to include areas of Africa that are already marginal for crop production; as these become increasingly marginal, then livestock may provide an alternative to cropping. We carried out some analysis to identify areas in sub-Saharan Africa where such transitions might occur. For the currently cropped areas (which already include the highland areas where cropping intensity may increase in the future), we estimated probabilities of failed seasons for current climate conditions, and compared these with estimates obtained for future climate conditions in 2050, using downscaled climate model output for a higher and a lower greenhouse-gas emission scenario. Transition zones can be identified where the increased probabilities of failed seasons may induce shifts from cropping to increased dependence on livestock. These zones are characterised in terms of existing agricultural system, current livestock densities, and levels of poverty. The analysis provides further evidence that climate change impacts in the marginal cropping lands may be severe, where poverty rates are already high. Results also suggest that those likely to be more affected are already more poor, on average. We discuss the implications of these results in a research-for-development targeting context that is likely to see the poor disproportionately and negatively affected by climate change.     

重归大自然——密西西比河之行

密西西比河是美国第一大河。它一路曲曲弯弯向着墨西哥湾蜿蜒流去．沿途形成广袤的洪泛平原,滋润着美国大陆41％的土地。水量也比美国其他河流都要多。密西西比河及其洪泛平原哺育着400多种野生动植物。北美地区40％的水禽都沿着密西西比河的路径迁徙。密西西比河对于美国。如同长江对于中国,无论从经济还是生物多样性保护等方面,其作用都是举足轻重。     

Soil microbial response to herbicides applied to glyphosate-resistant canola

Adoption of glyphosate-resistant canola (Brassica napus L.) has increased glyphosate applications to this crop, and concerns have been raised about unintended consequences of these multiple applications. A field trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of pre-seed and in-crop glyphosate and alternative herbicides on soil microbial community functional structure, diversity and biomass. Pre-seed treatments were 2,4-D, glyphosate and 2,4-D + glyphosate, and in-crop treatments were glyphosate applied once, glyphosate applied twice, ethalfluralin, ethalfluralin + sethoxydim + ethametsulfuron + clopyralid, and sethoxydim + ethametsulfuron. Rhizosphere and bulk soil was collected at flowering stage of canola and analyzed for bacterial community-level substrate utilization patterns and microbial biomass C (MBC). Where differences were significant, pre-seed application of both 2,4-D and glyphosate altered the functional structure and reduced the functional diversity of soil bacteria, but increased MBC. These effects were not necessarily concurrent. The reduction in functional diversity was due to reduction in evenness, which means that the soil where both pre-seed herbicides had been applied was dominated by only few functional groups. In 1 year, two in-crop applications of glyphosate also reduced the functional diversity of soil bacteria when applied after pre-seed 2,4-D, as did in-crop sethoxydim + ethametsulfuron following pre-seed glyphosate. Even though significant differences between herbicides were fewer than non-significant differences, i.e., there were no changes in soil microbial community structure, diversity or biomass in response to glyphosate or alternative herbicides applied to glyphosate-resistant canola in most cases, the observed changes in soil microbial communities could affect soil food webs and biological processes.     

浅谈如何做好孩子的入学准备

从幼儿园升入小学是孩子迈入知识殿堂的关键一步,也是孩子人生的一大转折。如何协助家长和教师,帮助孩子顺利实现这次转折是非常重要的。基于此目的,结合多年从事幼小教育工作的实际,并根据教育部颁布的《幼儿园教育指导纲要》精神,紧扣学前儿童的心理和学习特点,阐述如何让孩子在各方面得到系统的锻炼和提高,为顺利升入理想的小学、并尽快适应小学阶段的学习和生活做好准备。     

Behavior toxicity to Caenorhabditis elegans transferred to the progeny after exposure to sulfamethoxazole at environmentally relevant concentrations

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is one of the most common detected antibiotics in the environment. In order to study whether SMX can a ect behavior and growth and whether these e ects could be transferred to the progeny, Caenorhabditis elegans was exposed at environmentally relevant concentrations for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr, respectively. After exposure, the exposed parent generation (P0) was measured for behavior and growth indicators, which were presented as percentage of controls (POC). Then their corresponding unexposed progeny (F1) was separated and measured for the same indicators. The lowest POC for P0 after 96 hr-exposure at 100 mg/L were 37.8%, 12.7%, 45.8% and 70.1% for body bending frequency (BBF), reversal movement (RM), Omega turns (OT) and body length (BL), respectively. And F1 su ered defects with the lowest POC as 55.8%, 24.1%, 48.5% and 60.7% for BBF, RM, OT and BL, respectively. Defects in both P0 and F1 showed a time- and concentration-dependent fashion and behavior indicators showed better sensitivity than growth indicator. The observed e ects on F1 demonstrated the transferable properties of SMX. Defects of SMX at environmental concentrations suggested that it is necessary to perform further systematical studies on its ecological risk in actual conditions.