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污泥经过固化处理后,能稳定其中的重金属,降低其浸出毒性,减少对环境的二次污染。但固化污泥中重金属的潜在毒性与其形态有着紧密的联系,仅仅通过浸出毒性指标不能全面反映固化污泥中重金属的潜在污染。通过Tessier五步浸提法分析污泥固化前后、不同固化材料掺入量对重金属形态的影响,并对其形态与浸出毒性进行对比分析。研究结果表明,污泥固化后Cu、Zn的有机结合态变化最大,一般情况下Cu、Zn的浸出毒性指标均不能全面反映其潜在毒性。 相似文献
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广州城市污泥中重金属形态特征及其生态风险评价 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
分析了广州市4个不同来源的城市污水处理污泥中重金属含量,考察了污泥样品中重金属形态分布和生物可利用性,并分别利用风险评价指数(RAC)和固废重金属毒性浸出方法评价了污泥中重金属生态危害风险和浸出毒性风险.结果表明,污泥样品中Cu、Cr、Pb和Zn含量较高,不同来源污水处理污泥中重金属含量差别较大.污泥样品中重金属绝大部分以非稳定态存在,酸性污泥中可迁移的酸溶态重金属比例较高.由单一萃取结果,1 mol·L-1NaOAc溶液(pH 5.0)和0.02 mol·L-1EDTA+0.5 mol·L-1NH4OAc溶液(pH 4.6)分别对酸性和碱性污泥中生物可利用态重金属具有较好的萃取能力.污泥酸性越强,其中生物可利用态重金属比例越大.污泥中重金属的迁移能力使其处于高生态危害风险程度;重金属的生物可利用性使酸性污泥大多处于极高危害风险程度,而使碱性污泥大多处于中等危害风险水平.除城市污水处理污泥外,污泥样品中重金属具有高的浸出毒性风险,萃取重金属生物可利用态后,污泥仍具有高浸出毒性风险,但由于浸出毒性风险降低使部分污泥可进行填埋处置. 相似文献
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超临界水气化处理对脱水污泥中重金属环境风险的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为探究超临界水气化前后脱水污泥中重金属的变化及生态风险,从重金属(Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr)的含量、化学形态分布及浸出毒性等多方面出发,利用地层累积指数(Igeo)、潜在生态风险指数(RI)和风险评估指数法(RAC)对江苏地区10种不同种脱水污泥超临界水气化前后重金属的环境生态风险进行综合评价.结果表明:不同污水厂脱水污泥经超临界水气化处理后,绝大部分污泥中重金属浸出毒性和生物可利用组分重金属含量明显降低,即处理后重金属的直接环境风险大大降低.不同重金属含量的脱水污泥经超临界水气化处理后,重金属环境污染程度及潜在生态风险程度显著降低,环境风险值被降至相对安全水平,对环境表现出低风险或无风险.p H值在一定程度上影响处理后污泥中重金属的环境风险.超临界处理时,污泥的p H呈现酸性时会引起反应釜腐蚀,从而导致固相残渣中Ni、Cr的生物可利用组分含量增加,当p H呈现碱性时则更利于重金属以稳定形态富集到固相产物中. 相似文献
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污泥飞灰中重金属不同浸出方法比较及综合毒性评价 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
通过高精度气流分级机对污泥飞灰进行粒径分级:1μm、1~2.5μm、2.5~10μm、10~50μm、50μm.采用HJT299-2007-硫酸硝酸法,HJ557-2009-水平振荡法,美国EPA的毒性浸出方法 TCLP,欧盟危险废物鉴别浸出标准(EN12457-3)对不同粒径飞灰中重金属浸出毒性进行对比研究,根据浸出结果建立了一种重金属浸出综合毒性的评价方法.结果表明,飞灰中的重金属含量及浸出量随飞灰粒径的增加而降低,其中重金属Zn和Cu在TCLP浸出方法中的1μm粒径段的浸出含量最高,分别为107.34 mg·kg~(-1)和318 mg·kg~(-1).TCLP法和硫酸硝酸法的重金属浸出量远高于欧盟(EN12457-3)和水平振荡法.根据比较重金属总体污染毒性指数OPTI值的大小,发现10μm的飞灰的OPTI值远大于10μm的飞灰的OPTI值,说明粒径小于10μm的飞灰更具有毒性,危害性更大. 相似文献
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硫杆菌对固化污泥中重金属浸出的影响 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
污泥固化后能够降低重金属的浸出风险,但是污泥中硫杆菌的活动存在再次将重金属浸出的可能。针对这种问题采用生物反应器强化固化污泥中硫杆菌的活性,研究了污泥固化前后硫杆菌的活性及重金属浸出的变化。试验结果表明污泥经过固化处理后其中的硫杆菌仍然存在一定的活性,硫杆菌的活动能够降低固化污泥的pH值同时造成氧化还原电位的升高,重金属的浸出量有所增加;但是随着固化水平的提高硫杆菌的活动受到抑制的程度越来越高,当固化水平达到5:2:2时硫杆菌已基本停止活动,不能对重金属浸出产生影响;随着固化龄期的增加硫杆菌的活性也在减弱,达到某一龄期时其活性趋于稳定,重金属浸出也趋于稳定;固化污泥中硫杆菌生物量小于某一极限值时生物沥滤难以启动,不会对重金属的浸出产生显著影响。 相似文献
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为了分析碱浸钢丝污泥热处理后的重金属形态及浸出特性,以ALRS(碱浸钢丝污泥)为研究对象,通过批处理试验,研究了热处理温度对ALRS中Pb和Zn浸出特性及其化学形态的影响,并运用重金属综合毒性指数模型(STI)对热处理ALRS中Pb、Zn的综合毒性进行了评估.结果表明:高温热处理使得ALRS的物相成分发生改变,钙-铁复合氧化物分解,形成单一铁氧化物及钙氧化物.热处理使得ALRS中Pb、Zn总量有一定程度增加,而其浸出量随处理温度升高而降低,Pb、Zn最大释放量与总量的最大比值仅为0.52%.BCR连续提取法结果表明,ALRS中Pb、Zn形态主要是以残渣态和可氧化态形式存在,酸溶态含量较低,分别为2.84%和8.94%.经热处理后,Pb和Zn的残渣态含量(F4)明显增加,酸溶态(F1)、可还原态(F2)、可氧化态(F3)3种形态含量减少,两种重金属的稳定态含量与不稳定态含量比值[(F3+F4)/(F1+F2)]分别在900和800℃时取得最大值(22.86和10.61).综合毒性评估结果表明,STI值由原状样品的0.065减至900℃下样品的0.046,重金属综合毒性和生态风险显著降低.研究显示,热处理可增加碱浸剩余污泥中Pb、Zn的稳定性,降低其生态风险. 相似文献
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离子交换技术在重金属废水处理中的应用 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
重金属废水由于所含重金属对人类和环境的危害,需要对其进行处理。化学沉淀法被广泛应用于重金属废水的处理过程,但采用化学沉淀法处理重金属废水时,会产生大量的重金属污泥,需要妥善处理或处置。离子交换技术处理重金属废水,既可实现废水中重金属的去除,有可回收废水中的重金属,避免化学沉淀法处理重金属废水时产生大量的污泥。离子交换树脂对废水中重金属离子的选择性分离,可以更好的实现废水中重金属离子的处理和重金属离子的回收。 相似文献
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Mohammad Anwar Hossain Golum Kibria Muhammad Mustafizur Rahman Mohammad Mizanur Rahman Abul Hossain Moll Mohammad Mostafizur Rahman Mohammad Khabir Uddin 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015,27(4):231-240
Degradation of soil and water from discharge of untreated industrial effluent is alarming in Bangladesh. Therefore, buildup of heavy metals in soil from contaminated effluent, their entry into the food chain and effects on rice yield were quantified in a pot experiment. The treatments were comprised of 0, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% industrial effluents applied as irrigation water. Effluents, initial soil, different parts of rice plants and post-harvest pot soil were analyzed for various elements, including heavy metals. Application of elevated levels of effluent contributed to increased heavy metals in pot soils and rice roots due to translocation effects, which were transferred to rice straw and grain. The results indicated that heavy metal toxicity may develop in soil because of contaminated effluent application. Heavy metals are not biodegradable, rather they accumulate in soils, and transfer of these metals from effluent to soil and plant cells was found to reduce the growth and development of rice plants and thereby contributed to lower yield. Moreover, a higher concentration of effluent caused heavy metal toxicity as well as reduction of growth and yield of rice, and in the long run a more aggravated situation may threaten human lives, which emphasizes the obligatory adoption of effluent treatment before its release to the environment, and regular monitoring by government agencies needs to be ensured. 相似文献
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广州市污水污泥中的重金属及其农用探讨 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
分析了广州市6种污水污泥中重金属(Zn,Cu,Pb,Cr,Mn和Ni)质量分数及其存在形态,并对污泥农业利用过程中施用的最大量进行了估算.结果表明:广州不同来源污水污泥中.(Cu),w(Zn),w(Mn)和,(Ni)较高,变幅较大,而w( Ph )和w( Cr)低.除一种污泥中w(Cu)超标外,其他重金属基本符合国家农用控制标准(G1318918-2002),但所有污泥中重金属质量分数都超过广州市农田土壤平均值.不同重金属以及同一重金属在不同污泥中的形态分布也不同,其中Zn,Mn和Ni的潜在迁移性强,Cu和Cr中的还原态占有很大的比例,污泥中Pb主要以还原态和残渣态存在.根据广州市主要旱地赤红色土壤静态环境容量和动态环境容量计算表明,污泥农用过程中Cu和Zn是主要监控污染元素,不同来源污泥的最大施用量有明显差异.为保证土壤环境的安全,建议将Cu和Zn作为控制城市污水污泥农用过程中最高施用量的计算参考指标. 相似文献
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为了探明植物处理后污泥作为肥料施用后对后续作物和土壤的影响,将植物处理后的污泥混于土壤,种植后续作物玉米(Zea mays),测定作物产量以及土壤和作物的重金属含量.结果表明,污泥施用2a后仍有肥效,其玉米生物量显著大于无污泥的对照处理,且单种植物处理后的污泥肥效要优于无植物或套种处理的污泥.施用污泥后的2a内,4季玉米的茎叶和籽粒Zn、Cd、Cu和Pb含量均符合饲料标准;但第3季以后玉米籽粒才可作为食用.施用污泥后土壤重金属含量随时间而下降,Zn的年消失率为32%~35%,Cd为28%~33%,Cu为18%~30%,Pb为15%~23%;施用污泥的土壤重金属年下降率高于对照和化肥处理.污泥施用于土壤2a后,表层土壤全Zn和全Pb含量与对照处理已无明显差异. 相似文献
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东南景天和玉米套种对Zn污染污泥的处理效应 总被引:30,自引:0,他引:30
针对广州等地城市污泥重金属Zn超标的特点,采用植物处理的方法,将超富集重金属的植物东南景天和低累积作物玉米套种在污泥上,希望在减少污泥重金属的同时,使污泥稳定化和获得合格的农产品.试验采用小区直接种植的方式,3个月后测定植物产量和重金属含量以及处理后污泥的变化,并利用室内盆栽试验初步研究了2种植物根系相互作用的机理.小区试验结果表明,与超富集东南景天单独种植相比,套种显著提高了超富集东南景天提取Zn和Cd的效率,Zn含量达9?910 mg·kg-1,是单种的1.5倍,而且生产出的玉米籽粒重金属含量符合食品和饲料卫生标准,处理后的污泥生物稳定性明显提高.超富集东南景天和玉米半透膜隔开的盆栽套种试验显示,在套种条件下,玉米对促进超富集东南景天吸收更多的重金属的部分原因是玉米根系降低溶液pH和提高DOC以及Zn/Cd浓度,从而可向超富集东南景天一侧输送更多的水溶态Zn/Cd. 相似文献
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Plants grown on sewage sludge in South China and its relevance to sludge stabilization and metal removal 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
The production of sewage sludge in China has been increasing sharply in order to treat 40% of the municipal sewage in 2005 as planned by central government. The main sludge disposal method is landfill owing to heavy metal contamination, but it presents an attractive potential for agricultural land application. Experiments were carried out to study the simultaneous metal removal and sludge stabilization byplants. The sludge samples were collected from Datansha Wastewater Treatment Plant of Guangzhou, it contained excessive Cu and Zn comparedwith the Chinese National Standard for Agricultural Use of Sewage Sludge. Plants growing on sludge beds were investigated to follow their growthand metal uptake. 30 sludge plants were identified during 1 year‘s observation. A Zn high-accumulating and high growth rate plant( A/ocas/amacrorrhiza) was selected and grown on sludge beds in plots. The water, organic matter, heavy metals and nutrients contents, the E. colinumber and the cress seed germination index were monitored for the slu,ge samples collected monthly. The plant growth pparameters and its heavy metals contents were also determined. The sewage sludge treated by plants could be stabilized at about 5 months, the E. coli numberwas significantly decreased and the cress seed germination index attained 100%. Crop on sludge could ameliorate the sludge drying. Theexperiments are continuing to find out the appropriate plant combination for simultaneous sludge stabilization and metal removal for an acceptableperiod. Comparisons between the proposed processes and other methods for treating produced sludge such as composting, chemical and bacterial. 相似文献
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根据垃圾填埋场渗滤液成分复杂,有机物中氨氮浓度高,COD及BOD值较大,而且含有一定重金属离子的特点,采用物理化学处理方法进行处理。将有机物、重金属化学沉降,同时将滤液中的铵根离子转化为氨气,用鼓气的方法赶出氨气,再用絮凝剂混凝沉降的方法对渗滤液进行处理。经优化条件实验出水后的渗滤液基本达到《生活垃圾填埋污染控制标准》二级排放标准。 相似文献
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Characteristics of sewage sludge and distribution of heavy metal in plants with amendment of sewage sludge 总被引:15,自引:2,他引:13
In order to better understand land application of sewage sludge, the characterization of heavy metals and organic pollutants were investigated in three different sewage sludges in Shanghai City, China. It was found that the total concentrations of Cd in all of sewage sludge and total concentrations of Zn in Jinshan sewage sludge, as well as those ofZn, Cu, and Ni in Taopu sludge are higher than Chinese regulation limit of pollutants for sludge to be used in agriculture. Leachability of rig in all of studied samples and that of Cd in Taopu sewage sludge exceed the limit values of waste solid extraction standard in China legislation. Based on the characteristics for three kinds of sewage sludge, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of soil amended with Quyang sewage sludge on the accumulation of heavy metalo.by Begonia semperfloreas-hybr; Ophiopogon japonicas (L.F.) Ker-Gaw; Loropetalum chindense-var, rubrum; Dendranthema morifolium; Viola tricolor; A ntirrhinum majas; Buxas radicans Sieb; Viburnum macrocephalum; Osmanthas fragrans Lour; Cinnamomum camphora siebold and Ligustrum lucidum ait. Results showed that 8 species of plant survived in the amended soil, and moreover they flourished as well as those cultivated in the control soil. The heavy metal concentration in plants varied with species, As, Pb, Cd and Cr concentration being the highest in the four herbaceous species studied, particularly in the roots of D. morifolium. These plants, however, did not show accumulator of As, Pb, Cd and Cr. The highest concentration of Ni and Hg was found in the roots ofD. morifolium, followed by the leaves ofB. semperflorens-hybr. Levels of Zn and Cu were much higher in D. morifolium than in the other plant species. D. morifolium accumulated Ni, Hg, Cu and Zn, which may contribute to the decrease of heavy metal contents in the amended soil. Treatment with sewage sludge did not significantly affect the uptake of heavy metals by the L. chindense-var, rubrum, however, it significantly affected the uptake of heavy metals by D. morifolium. 相似文献