International research into occupational safety and health protection.

Are we doing the right thing? Are we setting the right priorities for the future in occupational safety and health research? How does BG (Institution for Statutory Accident Insurance and Prevention) research compare nationally and internationally? As a mosaic of answers to these questions, this article explores international research on priorities in occupational research and analyses these against the backdrop of the nearly 1,000 research projects conducted by 9 institutions from 8 countries in the year 2003.     

《中国安全生产科学技术》期刊发展分析

《中国安全生产科学技术》是我国安全科学领域一本学术性、技术性比较强的科技期刊,定位于国家级安全生产科学研究领域的权威性期刊,学术性与实用性兼顾。本文以2005～2006年《中国安全生产科学技术》的有关统计数据为基础进行分析,有关数据说明《中国安全生产科学技术》期刊涉及安全生产各个领域,作者所在地涵盖全国27个省市及海外3个国家和地区,在安全科学领域有较大的影响;发文数量稳中有升,注意刊发不同领域和机构的论文,发展平衡,有稳定的发展潜力;基金论文多,期刊学术水平比较高;版式编排规范、标准,既注重刊物质量,也注意期刊的外在表现。     

中国国际安全生产及职业健康展览会暨2002年中国国际安全生产论坛在北京召开

中国国际安全生产及职业健康展览会暨2002中国国际安全生产论坛于2002年10月9～12日分别在北京中国国际贸易中心和中国大饭店同时举行。 展览会由国家安全生产监督管理局主办,国家安全生产监督管理局国际交流合作中心、中国国际贸易促进委员会冶金行业分会、杜塞尔多夫展览(中国)有限公司承办,中国劳动保护工业企业协会协办。     

职业健康安全管理体系在科研事业单位实践的探讨

根据GB／T28001标准的要求，对专业面广、危害种类多、安全管理和控制难度大的科研院所如何建立职业健康安全管理体系（OHSMS）进行了深入地探讨，并从OHSMS策划、文件的编写到建成文件化的管理体系过程作了详细地介绍，给出了OHSMS的框架结构。文中提及的研究所的OHSMS经过运行表明：本所OILS方针、目标、指标和OHSMS文件得到贯彻实施，全员OHS意识进一步提高，安全责任制得到进一步落实，OHSMS运行有效，具有实现OILS目标和体系持续改进的能力。这对其他科研院所建立OHSMS具有一定的借鉴作用。     

Successful health and safety management. The contribution of management audit

Auditing the health and safety performance of organisations is now recognised as an essential ingredient of successful health and safety management systems. The audit protocol — the question sets—is, however, only one of a number of factors which determine the end value of auditing. The competence of auditors, their insights into the organisations subject to scrutiny, their independence and the feedback and decision making processes that help organisations to review and change the way they operate are equally important. Much of the process of auditing needs to be systematic, methodical and scientific. However the art of the informed analysis and inspired interpretation can also add value to the total management process. Auditing alone will not prevent accidents and injuries. Health and safety management systems do that. Auditing seeks to assess the efficiency effectiveness of the systems. Informed management action must then follow, to maintain and improve them. This paper outlines five essential components of health and safety management; policy making, organising, planning, performance measurement and review which provide the environment in which effective auditing systems operate. It is derived from the work of HSE's Accident Prevention Advisory Unit and the advice published in “Successful Health and Safety Management” in 1991.     

A preliminary validation of a new measure of occupational health and safety

INTRODUCTION: This article describes the validation of an instrument designed to conduct an Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) self-diagnosis using workers observations of tangible facts and actions in the workplace. The instrument puts the emphasis on observable factors that make it possible to act proactively before accidents actually occur. METHOD: Three companies were recruited from the printing sector in Québec based on their OHS performance (low, medium, and high), their interest in the project, and their availability. The master sample was composed of 269 people. Partial least squares (PLS) and vanishing tetrad analyses were used to study the behavior of the formative scales developed. RESULTS: The results indicate that partial revision of the instrument will be necessary to reach a fully satisfying level of validity. With regards to the statistical approach adopted, the use of a macro called CTA-SAS 2.0 developed by Bollen and Ting [Bollen, K.A., & Ting, K.-F. (1993). Confirmatory tetrad analysis. In P.V. Marsden (Ed.), Social methodology.Vol.23 (pp.147-176). Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 23] has proven to be effective in providing a suitable statistical treatment of the latent formative variables on which our instrument's development is based. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the instrument appears to be relatively robust and appropriate to diagnose OHS leading measures. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: In the long run, this instrument will make it possible for companies to draw a more refined picture of OHS evolution, even in the absence of occupational injuries.     

Occupational safety and health in Spain

Occupational Health and Safety in Spain has improved considerably over the last decade, most likely due to a new concept where an overall concept of safety culture is defined. Important changes in industrial safety, hygiene, and psychosocial factors present an optimistic panorama for the future of Spain. Despite this general improvement, according to the European Convergence Program, Spanish statistics still offer far from good safety results. In fact, according to 1997 official statistics, Spain had the highest incidence rate for nonfatal occupational accidents of all European Union (EU) countries, and occupied third place for fatal accidents. This paper summarizes the organizational structure of the Spanish National System of Health & Safety at Work, its effective health and safety laws, and statistics on the Spanish work environment obtained from III Spanish National Survey on Work Conditions (1997). The researchers hope that the findings of this work will have an impact on Spanish industry that will subsequently bring about improvements in work conditions and develop assessment and intervention models in occupational health and safety, from a theoretical position integrating environmental, human, and organizational factors.     

The role of safety research in road safety management

Mobility is a matter of great importance in daily life: However, it also causes costs and involves accident risks. To make mobility safer and reduce accident risks, a scientifically based road safety management is needed. Within such a safety management system, a concert of adequate and efficient strategies, tools and measures is developed and implemented. To ensure that the chosen means are efficient they should be derived from research evidence. Secondly, research is also needed to regularly monitor the impact of road safety management tools, serving as a “controlling instrument” for the appropriateness of safety management efforts. This article explains the main strategic aspects of safety management in Germany and illustrates it exemplarily on the basis of two recently implemented road safety measures.     

Whole-body vibration knowledge survey of U.S. occupational safety and health professionals

Problem

Whole-body vibration (WBV) is an occupational issue of concern due to adverse health effects or simple discomfort and annoyance. Unlike in Europe, WBV is an emerging topic in the U.S. safety and health (S&H) professional community. We hypothesized that at least one-half of the U.S. occupational S&H professionals knew little or nothing about WBV.

Method

We conducted a cross-sectional study (survey) of WBV knowledge among members of the American Society of Safety Engineers. A Likert scale (1-none to 5-expert) was used to determine WBV topic knowledge levels (KL_1-5).

Results

Analysis of 2,764 responses revealed that 69.5% of the participants self-reported a less than basic WBV understanding. The WBV KL_1-5 mean for all participants was 1.94 ± 1.00, corresponding to an awareness of WBV without a depth of understanding.

Summary

Many at-risk U.S. workers may not be supported by occupational S&H professionals with adequate WBV knowledge.

Impact on Industry

A significant number of U.S. workers may be exposed to unhealthy levels of whole-body vibration. However, the U.S. occupational safety and health community is generally unprepared to anticipate, monitor, and control the whole-body vibration hazard.     

煤矸石制砖企业职业安全健康风险与控制现状调查研究

调查与分析煤矸石制砖企业职业安全与健康风险与控制现状,为预防与控制职业安全健康风险提供依据。采用填表、现场监测与核查等方法,对13家煤矸石制砖企业的基本情况、危险和有害因素、防护措施等情况进行了调查、分析与评价。工作场所可能存在坍塌、机械伤害、挤压伤害、烧伤/灼烫、触电/电击、车辆伤害/撞击、中毒和窒息和砸伤、粉尘、噪声、高温和有害气体、不良工效学因素等危险、有害因素。防护罩、活动栏杆、地沟盖板、人行过梯、高压保护和隔离栏杆、通风除尘设施、喷淋设施、窑口引风机、烟尘脱硫除尘系统等为该类企业配置的主要防护设施;防尘口罩、防护手套和劳动护肤品为该类企业使用的个体防护装备,所有企业均未为噪声接触人员提供护听器。煤矸石制砖企业存在多种危险、有害因素,企业配有相应防护设施,但其效果欠佳,企业应加强对工作场所噪声危害的预防与控制。     

A behavior based safety approach at a Kuwait research institution

INTRODUCTION: Behavior based safety (BBS) initiatives are the current trend toward improving safety performance. METHOD: This study outlines the framework of the BBS process and summarizes several behavioral safety approaches to accident prevention. RESULTS: Although most of the published research has focused on the improvement of safe behavior in industry, this study is the first to apply the current approach of behavior based safety in a research/educational setting. An experiment conducted at a research institution demonstrated the effectiveness of a well-designed behavior based safety process. A follow-up study indicated that the BBS produced a lasting effect for the experimental group. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Results from this study can be the driving force to implement behavior-based safety processes into educational, research, and training organizations.     

Recent trends in ILO conventions related to occupational safety and health.

The present study was conducted to analyze the ratification status of International Labour Organization (ILO) conventions related to occupational safety and health (OSH) by ILO member states in terms of national indicators (length of ILO membership and national income status) and regional affiliation. 17 conventions designated as OSH-related by the 2003 International Labour Conference were examined. In general, countries with longer ILO membership ratified higher numbers of conventions related to OSH. With some variation, long-membership countries had the largest number of ratifications, followed by middle- and short-membership countries in all regions. There were also incremental increases in the number of ratifications for OSH-related conventions according to the national income status. Common regional characteristics that could not be explained by the factors studied also existed. Future efforts to increase ratification at an international level will need to consider the factors influencing ratification practice among the member states.     

纳米材料毒理学和安全性研究进展

通过文献调研和分析,为深入开展纳米材料毒理学和安全性研究提供基础理论和数据支持,综述了当前国内外纳米材料,主要包括碳纳米管、纳米Ti02、纳米铁粉、富勒烯(C60)等的生物体毒理学和人群流行病学研究进展;分析了可燃性纳米材料,主要包括纳米铝粉、铁粉、碳粉的安全性研究现状及趋势,强调了进一步开展安全性研究的必要性.最后阐述了目前纳米材料研究工作存在的问题,并建议相关研究机构和科研院所今后可开展的研究工作.     

安全科学原理研究的方法论

为完善安全科学原理体系,指导安全科学原理研究工作的开展,从方法论角度探讨安全科学原理的研究。结合安全科学、安全科学方法论与方法学,给出安全科学原理及安全科学原理研究方法论的定义,并从方法的角度对安全科学原理进行分类,阐明不同存在状态的安全原理的研究取向,确定安全科学原理的结构三要素。提出以安全现象-安全规律-安全原理为发展主线的第1类未知安全科学原理的一般构建步骤,以及以并列-比较-假设-检验为主线的第2类未知安全科学原理构建步骤,并建立安全科学原理动态研究的范式体系。研究结果使安全科学原理研究的层次思路系统化,并有益于指导安全原理研究工作的进行。     

国际劳工标准与职业安全卫生

国际劳工标准简介国际劳工组织的一项重要活动是从事国际劳工立法,即制订和监督实施国际劳工标准。国际劳工标准对全体成员国的劳动立法和制订劳动政策起参考与指导作用。国际劳工标准是在全体成员国的三方（政府、雇员、工人）都派代表参加的国际劳工大会（每年的6月份在日内