天然气长输管道项目大气环境影响评价在新旧导则下的比对分析

HJ 2.2—2018《环境影响评价技术导则大气环境》是HJ 2.2—2008的修订版本。文章依据HJ 2.2—2018,从评价等级判定、评价范围确定、环境空气质量现状调查、污染源调查、大气环境影响预测、污染物排放量核算等评价步骤入手,对比分析新旧导则下天然气长输管道项目大气环境影响评价工作的差异。对导则在实际使用中存在的问题提出建议:长距离线性工程可按省市行政区域或其他方法分段进行达标区判定;对于二、三级评价等评价等级不高的项目,可简化等级判定对基础资料的要求。     

AERMOD模型在大气环境影响评价中的应用

通过实例,对AERMOD在大气环境影响评价中的应用进行讨论。根据2007年1月～12月达州市地面和高空气象数据、项目所在地的地形资料,应用AERMOD预测模型建立了空气扩散模型,对工程的大气环境影响进行了预测与评价。结果表明:AERMOD空气扩散模型实现了评价区域二维地形向三维地形的可视化转变,预测浓度分布能够反映出污染源分布和气象场变化以及地形等对大气污染物迁移和扩散的影响。     

核燃料循环后端项目非放射性大气环境影响评价

环境影响报告书是核设施设计、建造和运行前的必要文件,以环境影响评价技术导则(大气环境)中规定的非放射性大气环境影响评价方法和流程对核燃料循环后端项目非放大气环境影响进行评价,评价过程包括:环境现状调查与评价、污染物源项分析、评价因子与评价标准确定、评价工作等级与评价范围确定等,评价对象主要包括:SO_2、NO_2和CO气态污染物以及PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、TSP颗粒污染物,评价过程和结果可为核燃料循环后端项目工程设计以及后续其它核设施非放大气环境影响评价提供参考和借鉴。     

大气环境影响评价中典型气象日的确定及其应用

对某地区多年气象资料进行统计和分析,给出大气环境影响评价中典型气象日的确定方法。结合高架点源影响浓度的实例计算,可以方便地得到典型气象日条件下大气污染物的日平均浓度分布情况,能够更为真实地反映该地区的实际气象条件对大气污染物分布浓度的影响情况。     

基于模糊综合法评价新乡市大气环境质量

以新乡市"十一五"期间大气环境中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、可吸入颗粒物监测数据为依据,总结了这3种污染物的特征及变化趋势,并利用模糊综合评价法对大气环境质量进行了综合评价。根据关联度判断出新乡"十一五"期间大气环境质量均为Ⅱ级,环境质量优劣次序为:2010>2008>2009>2006>2007,与实际的污染程度相吻合,说明该评价方法具有客观性和准确性,为评价大气环境质量提供了科学依据。     

环境影响评价中大气环境防护距离和卫生防护距离的探讨

文章分析比较了大气环境防护距离和卫生防护距离之间的定义和确定方法的异同点,探讨了防护距离的设置原则.文章结合某黄磷生产厂的大气污染物排放源强,计算大气环境防护距离和卫生防护距离,确定出项目的防护距离.     

大气环境影响评价工作分级要求要点

根据大气环境影响评价工作的分级要求,提出了针对性的工作要点,以满足大气环境评价工作的需要.     

滨海地区建设项目地下水环境影响评价

对滨海地区特别是人工围填海地区新建项目地下水环境影响评价的评价等级、保护目标、评价标准、影响预测及水文地质条件调查等重点关注的几个问题进行探讨,结合天津市某滨海工业区新建油气处理厂终端项目进行案例分析,采用解析法估算了石油污染物的扩散迁移范围,为类似地区项目的地下水环境影响评价提供可参考的经验。     

模拟退火算法在大气环境质量综合评价中的应用

为了建立一种对多项指标都能普遍使用的大气环境质量综合评价模式,利用模拟退火算法对幂函数加和型指数评价中参数进行优化,并用优化后的综合评价指数公式对大气环境进行综合评价。该公式应用于大量实例的分析评价结果与其他多种评价方法评价结果比较表明:该公式不受污染物种类和数目多少的限制,计算简便,具有可行性、实用性和通用性。     

青岛市大气环境质量状况分析与评价

以青岛市2001年至2010年大气环境中的主要污染物二氧化硫(SO2)、二氧化氮(NO2)和可吸入颗粒物(PM10)的监测结果为依据,对青岛市大气主要污染物变化趋势进行了分析,并利用模糊综合评价模型对各年大气环境质量状况进行了综合评价。研究结果表明:近10年来青岛市大气环境质量处于尚清洁状况,且在不断改善;受工业扬尘和建筑扬尘的影响,青岛市主要污染物是可吸入颗粒物PM10;以煤炭为主的能源结构加之落后的工艺设备等原因使得大气中二氧化硫的浓度一直处于较高的水平;随着青岛市机动车保有量的增长,以氮氧化物为特征的机动车尾气的污染日趋明显,因此,冬季采暖燃煤利用、机动车尾气控制及城市扬尘抑制仍是青岛市未来大气污染的治理重点,强化燃煤脱硫技术和改善机动车尾气排放是青岛市大气环境质量改善的关键。     

大气环境影响回顾评价──胜利电厂一期工程

论述了胜利电厂大气环境影响回顾评价的方法和内容。回顾评价采用现场调查，利用有关资料及现场试验等方法进行。重点验证和分析了污染源、污染治理措施和预测模式参数。     

Challenges of meeting ISO 14000 auditing guidelines: Audit program gaps

At long last, the ISO 14000 environmental auditing guidelines have been issued in final form and have been accepted in the United States and elsewhere as official national standards. The auditing guidelines consist of: Guidelines for environmental auditing—General principles (ISO 14010: 1996(E)) Guidelines for environmental auditing—Audit procedures—Auditing of environmental management systems (ISO 14011: 1996(E)) Guidelines for environmental auditing—Qualification criteria for environmental auditors (ISO 14012: 1996(E)) Unlike the environmental management system (EMS) standard (ISO 14001), the auditing guidelines are just that, guidelines. The ISO 14000 auditing guidelines are not long documents: ISO 14010 is three pages, ISO 14011 is five pages and ISO 14012 is three pages.     

高空气象资料在大气环境保护中的应用

本文在简要介绍高空气象资料的基础上,着重说明高空气象资料在大气环境保护中的应用,阐明有效地利用高空气象资料,对于保护大气环境是十分重要的。     

Environmental marketing's new relationship with corporate environmental management

Issues of environmental marketing track back to issues of environmental management—i.e., to issues of overall corporate environmental commitment and responsibility. It is absolutely essential that a commitment to corporate environmental improvement be in place before an environmental marketing program is launched. Additionally, marketers can and should play a central role in the greening of the corporation. The marketer brings at least two important skills or strengths to the environmental improvement process—strengths of perspective and strengths of skill set.     

Does adding more lettuce make a hamburger truly green? A metaphor behind the green movement paradigm in designing cities

In designing cities, the label of the green movement these days is being applied to almost everything—starting from works of environmental non-governmental organizations and international as well as local conservation organizations to grass-roots resistance activism including radical environmentalism. This paper seeks to understand the motivation—the paradigm—behind the green movement initiatives and how the paradigm appears to shift from the ground reality. Conclusions suggest that, on one hand, environmental problems are far from being a matter of common sense and, on the other, the matter of intellectual and technological developments—the outcomes of rigorous academic research reflected in endless literature predominantly comprising the fields of environmental sociology, environmental anthropology, and conservation psychology—are in reality often found to be dealt with by shallow planning and policy practices without even realizing the big-picture that the paradigm is merely being used as an advertizing tool for making business profit. It is expected that, unless a shift from such negative practices towards a conscious and genuine commitment to proactive environmental stewardship is made, the situation will continue to be exacerbated.     

Measuring environmental success

Process improvement, environmental results, and customer satisfaction all can—and need to—be measured in order to achieve total quality environmental management. This article details why and how to take such measures, with examples of leading company practices.     

大气环境因素与腐蚀速率的模糊聚类分析

本文针对我国8个典型大气环境试验站的环境因素数据与基础金属腐蚀数据。采用模糊聚类方法对15项环境因素进行分类,探讨各项环境因素之间的相关性。分析结果表明：有4项环境因素对基础金属腐蚀等级的影响性较高。     

Business-oriented environmental performance metrics: Building consensus for environmental management systems

Today, environmental managers are learning new ways of adding value to their organizations. Before, the environmental department was an overhead expense—an indirect support group required for complying with burdensome regulations. Now, such departments add insights and value during strategic planning sessions, identify efficiency improvement opportunities, provide a superior return on investment, and—bottom line—improve profits. The primary approach to meeting the challenge is a new environmental management system (EMS) that identifies, measures, and manages a diverse set of internal and external customer needs. These needs include environmental cleanups, regulatory compliance, pollution prevention, and design for the environment—and each represents a potential improvement opportunity. Unfortunately, most organizations have so many such needs that all cannot be addressed at once, given the resource constraints of a competitive business climate. Thus, priority is a key concept of an effective EMS. This article describes an innovative application of consensus-building tools that quickly identify and set priorities for diverse environmental programs. The article also shows how appropriate performance measures will align these programs with corporate goals and objectives.     

Environmental performance indicators for enhancing environmental management

Traditionally, environmental issues and concerns have been viewed as a constraint to businesses. This has resulted in environmental managers relying heavily on a reactive, compliance-based approach to justify change. Businesses are now recognizing that efficient management in the environmental arena can benefit the entire company and open new opportunities for increased profits. Managers have acknowledged that environmental issues can be integrated into daily business trends and activities. Not only does sound environmental management decrease liability, but also in current markets a “green” image can attract investors and customers. This article shows how one tool that progressive companies are focusing attention on—environmental performance indicators—is being used to convey the current status of environmental issues and improve the management of these issues for the benefit of the company as well as the environment.