Concentrations and chemical forms of potentially toxic metals in road-deposited sediments from different zones of Hangzhou, China

The 25 road-deposited sediments were collected from five different land-use zones (industrial, residential, commercial, park, and countryside) in Hangzhou, China. The concentrations of metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in these samples were determined using the ICP-AES after digestion with the mixture of HNO3-HF-HCl (aqua regia), and chemically fractionated using the modified BCR (the European Community Bureau of Reference) sequential extraction procedure. The highest metal concentration level was detected in the sample from industrial zone and commercial zone having heavy traffic. While the lowest metal level was noted in the street dust sample from residential zone, park, and countryside zone. The mobility sequence based on the sum of the BCR sequential extraction stages was: Zn (80.28%), Pb (78.68%), Cd (77.66%) ＞ Cu (73.34%) ＞ Mn (67.92%) ＞ Co (41.66%) ＞ Ni (30.36%) ＞ Cr (21.56%), Fe (20.86%). Correlation analysis and principal component analysis were applied to the data matrix to evaluate the analytical results and to identify the possible pollution sources of metals. Factor analysis showed that these areas were mainly contaminated by three sources, namely lithology, traffic, and industry.     

Concentrations and chemical forms of potentially toxic metals in road-deposited sediments from di erent zones of Hangzhou, China

The 25 road-deposited sediments were collected from five di erent land-use zones (industrial, residential, commercial, park, and countryside) in Hangzhou, China. The concentrations of metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in these samples were determined using ICP-AES after digestion with the mixture of HNO3-HF-HCl (aqua regia), and chemically fractionated according to the modified BCR (the European Community Bureau of Reference) sequential extraction procedure. The high metal concentration levels were detected in the sample from industrial zone and commercial zone having heavy tra c. While the low metal levels were noted in the street dust sample from residential zone, park, and countryside zone. The mobility sequence based on the sum of the BCR sequential extraction stages was: Zn (80.28%), Pb (78.68%), Cd (77.66%) > Cu (73.34%) > Mn (67.92%) > Co (41.66%) > Ni (30.36%) > Cr (21.56%), Fe (20.86%). Correlation analysis and principal component analysis were applied to the data matrix to evaluate the analytical results and to identify the possible pollution sources of metals. Factor analysis showed that these areas were mainly contaminated by three sources, namely lithology, tra c, and industry.     

陆浑水库沉积物重金属空间分布特征及风险评价

为了解洛阳市饮用水水源地陆浑水库沉积物中重金属污染程度,采集32个点位的表层沉积物,分析6种重金属（Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn）的空间分布特征,并运用地累积指数法、潜在生态风险指数和聚类分析等方法对研究区重金属污染程度进行评价、生态风险评价及源解析.结果表明：Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn含量超过黄河流域河南段重金属土壤背景值,分别是其8.8、2.0、6.5、2.3倍,重金属存在明显富集,且主要污染集中于坝前区域.地累积指数法评价结果显示,Cd为强污染,Pb为中-强污染.潜在生态风险指数表明,陆浑水库沉积物重金属风险呈自上游至下游逐渐增强的趋势,总体处于高度生态危害,潜在生态风险指数均值达到312.94,其中Cd为主要贡献因子.富集系数法和聚类分析结果显示：Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn主要为人为源,Cr和Pb以自然源为主.总体而言,陆浑水库沉积物中重金属Cd和Pb污染相对较重,可能会对水库水环境构成威胁.     

巢湖表层沉积物重金属生物有效性与生态风险评价

以巢湖表层沉积物为对象,对重金属(Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni和Pb)总量及形态进行分析并运用潜在风险指数法和风险评价编码两种方法对巢湖表层沉积物重金属的生态风险进行了评价.结果表明,巢湖表层沉积物中的重金属含量表现为西部湖区高,东部湖区低的特征,其中南淝河入湖区重金属含量是全湖的1.09~1.21倍.BCR形态分析表明,巢湖表层沉积物中Cr、Ni和Cu以残渣态为主(分别占总量82.99%、63.63%和54.25%),Cd和Zn以弱酸提取态为主(分别占总量55.96%和35.84%),Pb以可还原态和可氧化态为主(分别占总量39.66%和24.56%).潜在生态风险危害指数(RI)表明,南淝河入湖河口区域具有较大生态风险(RI值范围为351.54~381.17).风险评价编码方法(RAC) 的结果显示,Cd处于极高风险水平,Zn基本处于高风险水平,Cu 和Ni处于中低风险,Pb处于低风险水平,Cr各采样点均处于无风险.因此, 对需着重考虑对南淝河入湖湖区的Cd和Zn元素的重点治理.     

环巢湖流域表层沉积物重金属赋存特征及潜在生态风险评价

以环巢湖流域表层沉积物为对象,对8种重金属(Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni、Pb、As和Hg)总量及形态进行分析并运用潜在风险指数法对重金属的生态风险进行了评价.结果表明,环巢湖流域表层沉积物中重金属元素Cd、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、As和Hg的总量总体呈现为南淝河-十五里河水系含量高,其次是裕溪河及支流,其他5条水系的重金属含量相对较低. BCR形态分析表明,重金属元素Hg、Cr、Ni和Cu主要以残渣态存在(分别占总量的77.56%、64.83%、56.52%和48.93%),Cd的可提取态含量比例最高(89.22%),其次为Zn、Pb和As(70.35%,69.50%和63.70%). 潜在生态风险危害指数(RI)表明,Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Ni和As均为低污染等级,Cd为较重污染等级,Hg为重污染等级,7个水系的重金属潜在生态风险指数排序为:南淝河-十五里河>裕溪河>柘皋河>杭埠河-丰乐河>派河>白石山河>兆河,重潜在风险和严重潜在风险的区域主要分布在南淝河-十五里河水系以及裕溪河水系,因此,今后对巢湖流域进行重金属整治时可着重考虑针对这两条水系的Cd和Hg元素的重点治理.     

兴凯湖沉积物重金属生态风险评价及污染特征分析

兴凯湖是中俄跨国境湖泊,开展兴凯湖沉积物重金属生态风险评价及来源解析,对区域生态环境保护和治理具有重要意义。通过采集兴凯湖中国湖区表层及柱状沉积物样品,测定重金属As、Cd、Cu、Pb、Hg、Ni、Cr和Zn浓度,运用地累积指数法、潜在风险指数法对重金属污染状况和潜在生态风险进行评价,并通过数理统计分析其潜在来源。结果显示：小兴凯湖表层沉积物中Cr、Ni、As、Cr、Hg浓度均值超过黑龙江省土壤背景参考值,大兴凯湖表层沉积物中仅Ni、Cd浓度均值超过黑龙江省土壤背景参考值。地累积指数评价显示小兴凯湖表层沉积物Hg的污染程度较高,主要为轻度污染和偏中度污染,As和Cd以无污染为主、轻度污染次之,大兴凯湖Cd主要为轻度污染,其余重金属主要为无污染。潜在生态风险指数评价显示,兴凯湖表层沉积物总体呈无污染到偏中度污染,Cd为最主要的生态风险因子。As、Hg和Cd是重金属污染的主要因子,受入湖河流上游农业生产活动及矿产开发冶炼的影响,位于小兴凯湖东侧及大兴凯湖西侧区域污染风险相对更高;此外,考虑到大兴凯湖Cd呈底部富集特征,其可能受到自然背景影响。

     

北运河流域沙河水库沉积物重金属分布及生态风险评估

以北运河流域沙河水库为研究对象,选择19个点采集表层(0-20 cm)沉积物,并选择其中3个点采集沉积物柱芯,分析沉积物中As、Cd、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn共7种重金属的空间分布特征,采用地累积指数法、潜在生态风险指数法和风险评价编码法对重金属污染进行评价,结合表层沉积物的重金属形态分析其潜在生态风险.结果表明,...     

快速城市化区域河网沉积物重金属污染风险评价与管控对策

为研究快速城市化区域河网沉积物重金属污染特征和生态风险,调查了研究区域具有代表性的5条河道,共采集了19份表层(0～10 cm)沉积物样品,重点分析Cd、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni和Hg共8种重金属的含量,并评价其生物毒害效应、污染水平和生态风险.结果表明,8种重金属的含量范围分别为:0.29～3.33、6.10～42.40、20.50～149.00、19.60～196.00、15.40～437.00、69.10～560.00、15.80～86.70和0.04～0.61 mg·kg~(-1),其中Cd、Cu和Zn平均含量分别为研究区背景值的28.40、7.20和5.80倍,超当地背景值,情况较为显著.8种重金属含量水平多位于沉积物物质基准值TEC-PEC之间,产生生物毒害效应的可能性不容忽视,63.16%的点位平均可能效应浓度商Q值大于0.5,表明大部分点位中重金属的复合污染已经对底栖生物产生了毒害效应;地累积指数和潜在生态危害评价认为Cd、Cu和Zn的污染水平和生态风险较高,其中Cd对评价结果的贡献率最高.基于以上分析认为,研究区域沉积物重金属污染风险水平较高,其中Cd毒性较大且污染显著,值得重点关注,研究区域重金属污染防治和管理应针对Cd展开.     

Occurrence and ecotoxicological risk assessment of pesticides in sediments of the Rosetta branch, Nile River, Egypt

This study aimed to (1) monitor the occurrence and spatiotemporal variations of 100 pesticides in sediments collected monthly from July 2018 to June 2019 from sampling sites in El-Rahawy, Sabal, and Tala, along the Rosetta branch of the Nile River, Egypt, and (2) perform an ecological risk assessment for aquatic organisms upon exposure to the detected sediment pesticides based on the risk quotient (RQ) method. Out of the 100 pesticides monitored, 16 pesticides belonging to seven chemical families were detected, and 55% of the sediment samples were contaminated with one or more pesticide residues. The mean concentration (mg/kg dry weight (dw)) and detection frequency (%) of the four most frequently detected pesticides in the sediment samples were as follows: chlorpyrifos (0.18 mg/kg dw and 34%), p,p′-DDE (0.018 mg/kg dw and 30%), cypermethrin (0.03 mg/kg dw and 14%), and deltamethrin (0.026 mg/kg dw and 13%). The spatial distribution exhibited that El-Rahawy had the highest pesticide load (2.86 mg/kg dw) among the studied sites, whereas the temporal variations revealed that the highest total pesticide concentrations were detected in winter season (1.73 mg/kg dw). Meanwhile, 12 pesticides showed high RQs (>1), posing a potential ecological risk to aquatic species that live and feed on such sediments.     

Bioaccumulation and human health risk assessment of trace metals in the freshwater mussel Cristaria plicata in Dongting Lake, China

Trace metal contamination in water and bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms are human health risks of increasing concern. However, the bioaccumulation of trace metals in the organs of the mussel Cristaria plicata in Dongting Lake, China and the human health risks of mussel consumption are largely unknown. We investigated the concentrations of 15 trace metals and metalloids in surface water, sediments, and C. plicata organs (foot, gill, mantle, and visceral mass) and quantified the bioaccumulation and human health risk of these trace metals in specimens collected from Dongting Lake. The concentrations of most metals in surface water exceeded previously published background values. In contrast, the concentrations of most metals in sediments showed a decreasing trend. Overall, the metal concentrations in the gill and visceral masses of C. plicata were higher than those in the foot and mantle, and higher bioaccumulation capacities were observed for essential metals than for nonessential metals. The mean concentrations of the trace elements Zn, Pb, Cd, As, Cu, and Cr in C. plicata foot samples were lower than the threshold values established by international and Chinese organizations. The estimated daily intake (EDI) values of the essential metal Mn in C. plicata foot was higher than the recommended tolerable daily intake (TDI) values for juveniles. Only Mn for juveniles and As for both juveniles and adults may pose noncarcinogenic health risks through foot consumption. The hazard index (HI) values for adults and juveniles were higher than 1, suggesting significant risks of noncarcinogenic effects to humans by exposure to multiple metals.     

湘江水系沉积物重金属元素分布特征及风险评价

对湘江流域水系沉积物中9种重金属（As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Sb、Zn）含量进行统计分析,以地累积指数（I_geo）为参数分析了1982年以来湘江流域重金属污染程度的变化趋势,采用富集因子法和对数回归模型评价了重金属污染程度和潜在水生生物风险,并采用主成分分析法判别了重金属的可能污染来源.结果表明：湘江流域水系沉积物中重金属的空间分布极不均匀,近30a以来重金属元素的I_geo大体呈缓慢上升的趋势,长株潭地区和衡阳地区大部分重金属元素的I_geo逐渐降低.湘江流域污染程度最高的重金属元素为Cd,其次为As和Hg,郴州地区呈现出以Cd为主,多种重金属复合污染特征,具有很强的潜在水生生物危害性,是湘江流域污染最严重的地区.水系沉积物中重金属可能的2个主要污染来源为采选、冶炼废水的排放和尾矿库的泄漏,岩石的化学风化和河流的搬运作用.     

环渤海典型海域潮间带沉积物中重金属分布特征及污染评价

对环渤海11个采样点潮间带沉积物中重金属含量进行了测定,结果表明：Cu、Cr、Zn、As、Cd、Pb的平均含量分别为14.92,31.73,73.68,11.34,0.448,21.94 mg/kg。与国内典型的河口和海湾比较,Cu、Cr、Zn、As处于相对较低水平,Cd、Pb处于中等水平。各元素的空间分布特征总体为：高值区在辽东湾,次高值区在渤海湾,低值区位于莱州湾。相关性分析表明：Cr、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb可能具有相似的输入源,As的主要来源可能与其他几种金属不同。地累积指数法评价结果显示：Cr、Cu、Zn、As属于清洁级别,Pb处于轻度污染水平,Cd以轻度污染为主,局部海域出现偏中度、中度污染。重金属元素污染程度排序为Cd > Pb > Zn > Cu > As > Cr。潜在生态危害指数法评价结果表明：重金属对渤海生态风险构成的危害程度排序为Cd > Pb > As > Cu > Zn > Cr。Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Pb均为低生态危害等级,Cd以中等生态危害等级为主,局部海域出现强、很强、极强生态危害等级。     

A meta-analysis of heavy metals pollution in farmland and urban soils in China over the past 20 years

A total of 713 research papers about field monitor experiments of heavy metals in farmland and urban soils in China, published from 2000 to 2019, were obtained. A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the level of China's heavy metal pollution in soils, mainly focusing on eight heavy metals. It was found that the average concentrations of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and arsenic (As) in China were 0.19, 30.74, 85.86, 25.81, 0.074, 67.37, 27.77 and 8.89 mg/kg, respectively. Compared with the background value (0.097 mg/kg), the Cd content showed a twofold (0.19 mg/kg) rise in farmland soils and a threefold (0.29 mg/kg) rise in urban soils. The decreasing order of the mean I_geo was Cd (1.77) > Pb (0.62) > Zn (0.60) > Cu (0.58) > Hg (0.57) > Cr (0.54) > Ni (0.47) > As (0.28). Nearly 33.54% and 44.65% of sites in farmland and urban soils were polluted with Cd. The average concentrations of eight heavy metals were not sensitive change in recent two decades in farmland and urban soils. The average P_n values for urban (2.52) and farmland (2.15) soils showed that heavy metal pollution in urban soils was more serious than that in farmland, and the middle Yangtze River regions, where industrial activity dominates, were the most polluted. The meta-analysis comprehensively evaluated the current pollution situation of soil heavy metal, and provided important basis for soil management and environment prevention in China.     

The concentration and probabilistic risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in fillets of silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus): A global systematic review and meta-analysis

The contamination of fish type products such as silver pomfret fish fillets by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) has raised global health concerns. Related studies regarding the concentration of PTEs in fillets of silver pomfret fish were retrieved among some international databases such as Scopus, PubMed and Embase between 1 January 1983 and 10 March 2020. The pooled (mean) concentration of PTEs in fillets of silver pomfret fish was meta-analyzed with the aid of a random-effect model (REM). Also, the non-carcinogenic risk was estimated via calculating the 95th percentile of the total target hazard quotient (TTHQ). The meta-analysis of 21 articles (containing 25 studies or data reports) indicated that the ranking of PTEs in fillets of silver pomfret fish was Fe (11,414.81 µg/kg wet weight, ww) > Zn (6055.72 µg/kg ww) > Cr (1825.79 µg/kg ww) > Pb (1486.44 µg/kg ww) > Se (1053.47 µg/kg ww) > Cd (992.50 µg/kg ww) > Ni (745.23 µg/kg ww) > Cu (669.71 µg/kg ww) > total As (408.24 µg/kg ww) > Co (87.03 µg/kg ww) > methyl Hg (46.58 µg/kg ww). The rank order of health risk assessment by country based on the TTHQ for adult consumers was Malaysia (2.500) > Bangladesh (0.886) > Iran (0.144) > China (0.045) > Pakistan (0.020) > India (0.015), while the corresponding values for child consumers was Malaysia (11.790) > Bangladesh (4.146) > Iran (0.675) > China (0.206) > Pakistan (0.096) > India (0.077). The adult consumers in Malaysia and children in Malaysia and Bangladesh were at considerable non-carcinogenic risk. Therefore, following the recommended control plans in order to reduce the health risk associated with the ingestion of PTEs via consumption of silver pomfret fish fillets is crucial.     

某硫铁矿区废水池沉积物剖面中重金属化学形态分布和环境污染评价

矿山开采是造成环境重金属污染的重要途径,揭示重金属在污染区的富集特征及潜在生态效应对重金属污染防治有重要意义。以粤西某硫铁矿区废水池沉积物剖面为研究对象,采用电感耦合等离子质谱仪和分级提取法分析底泥中Tl、Cr、Ni、Co与Cd总量和各化学形态的分布特征及生态风险,并结合矿物组成分析阐明富集及迁移机制。结果表明：底泥中Cd含量远超我国土壤背景值,且Cd主要以弱酸可交换态的形式存在;Tl含量同样远超我国土壤背景值,以残余态的形式为主;Cr和Ni含量均略高于我国土壤背景值,也主要以残余态的形式存在;Co含量小于我国土壤环境背景值,具有较大的弱酸可交换态比例。综合富集因子法和风险评价指数分析,底泥中Cd具有很强的环境潜在危害性;Tl具有强的环境潜在危害性;Cr和Ni具有中等程度的环境潜在危害性;Co没有环境潜在的危害。硫铁矿区废水池底泥是重金属（Cd、Tl、Ni和Cr）重要的汇和潜在二次污染源。硫铁矿区废水池底泥中Cd和Tl高度富集,Ni和Cr具有低—中等程度的富集,废水池底泥的污染防治与资源回收同样值得思考关注。     

Occurrence, distribution and risk assessment of antibiotics at various aquaculture stages in typical aquaculture areas surrounding the Yellow Sea

The pollution of antibiotics commonly existed throughout the entire aquaculture process,but the residues of antibiotics at different aquaculture stages have rarely been studied. This study investigated the occurrence, distribution and risk assessment of antibiotics at different aquaculture stages (the non-aquaculture stage, the early aquaculture stage, the middle aquaculture stage, and the late aquaculture stage) in two typical marine aquaculture areas (Mahegang River and Dingzi Bay) surrounding the YellowSea. Fluoroquinolones and tetracyclineswere commonly used antibiotics in the aquaculture of these areaswith high detection frequencies (17% to 83%). Compared among four aquaculture stages, the highest concentration of antibiotics (9032.08 ng/L) in aquaculture ponds was detected at the late aquaculture stage. And the antibiotic pollution level of natural water was directly related to the aquaculture stages. Similarly, at the aquaculture stages, the detection frequency of antibiotics in sediments was higher than that at the non-aquaculture stage. Based on the correlation analysis, the concentration of main antibiotics in water showed a positive correlation with total nitrogen (p<0.05) and chlorophyll a (p<0.01), while it showed a negative correlation with salinity (p<0.01) in coastal water of the Dingzi Bay. According to the risk assessment,with the development of aquaculture stages, the selection pressure of fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines on resistant bacteria had increased. And the ecological risks caused by sulfonamides and tetracyclines to aquatic organisms had also increased markedly. Overall, this study may provide a reference for formulating regulatory policies regarding antibiotic use at different aquaculture stages.     

贵州草海沉积物重金属元素分布特征及健康风险评价

为研究贵州威宁草海重金属污染现状,对该区域内20个采样点表层沉积物中的6种重金属元素(Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn)进行检测和分析.结果表明,表层沉积物中Cd、Zn和Pb的含量分别为贵州省土壤背景值的32.44、614.45和185.30倍,主要来源为采矿及矿物加工.此外,县城污水排放对Cu分布有一定的影响.Cd...     

闽江福州段沉积物中重金属的分布特征及其毒性和生态风险评价

研究了闽江福州段表层沉积物中Cr、Zn、As、Cd、Cu和Pb等6种有毒重金属的含量及其空间分布特征,并采用基于共识的沉积物质量基准(CBSQGs)和潜在生态风险指数法(RI)对沉积物中重金属的毒性和潜在生态风险进行了评价.结果表明,6种重金属平均含量大小顺序为Zn(195.57 mg·kg~(-1))Pb(79.41 mg·kg~(-1))Cr(66.62 mg·kg~(-1))Cu(42.33 mg·kg~(-1))As(10.02 mg·kg~(-1))Cd(0.90 mg·kg~(-1)).Zn、Cd、Pb含量从河段上游到下游呈递减趋势,Cr、As呈递增趋势,Cu含量分布均匀.平均可能效应浓度商Q值对沉积物中重金属毒性判定结果表明,有18%的沉积物样品具有毒性,说明闽江福州段沉积物整体毒性效应低.从RI值来看,闽江福州段沉积物的生态风险属于中低等级;风险等级为中的样品占55.3%,主要分布在河段上游和中游(福州市区的南港和北港段),风险主要来自Cd的污染.     

Bioaccumulation and changes of trace metals over the last two decades in marine organisms from Guangdong coastal regions, South China

Trace metal(Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) exposures, distribution and bioaccumulation were investigated in marine organisms from Guangdong coastal regions, South China. The results showed that all of the selected metals were observed in marine organisms with a predomination of Cu and Zn. The metal exposure levels exhibited obvious variations between species with the decreasing order of crab > shellfish > shrimp > fish. The higher metals enrichment seen in shellfish and crab species primari...     

福建中、东部沿海主要养殖贝类体重金属的含量与评价

根据2000年11月福建中、东部沿海养殖贝类体重金属的检测资料，分析了牡蛎、菲律宾蛤仔、缢蛏体内重金属的含量水平。结果表明；闽江口附近海域和兴化湾湾顶北部海域养殖的褶牡蛎，体内Zn和Cd的含量明显高于其他养殖区。文中对3种养殖贝类的重金属污染程度进行评价的结果表明：闽中、东沿海的养殖贝类基本未受重金属污染或属微污染水平。