注空气低温氧化辅助热采废水处理

对注空气低温氧化辅助热采废水的处理进行实验研究,先进行混凝处理,再分别采用Fenton氧化法和二氧化氯氧化法对废水氧化处理。结果表明后者效果较好,二氧化氯最佳投加量为300 mg/L,催化剂活性炭-Ni投加量为2.5 g/L,反应2 h,COD_(Cr)降低至129.14 mg/L,去除率达到95.29%,出水无色透明。二氧化氯氧化法适合于海上油田注空气低温氧化辅助热采废水的处理。     

Fenton氧化工艺处理DNT废水研究

DNT废水因其成分复杂、毒性大、难降解、对环境污染严重等特点,成为废水处理中的一个难题。本试验研究了难以生物降解DNT生产废水Fenton氧化处理效果,考查了各影响因子最佳工艺条件。结果表明,在pH值为2;FeSO4.7H2O投加量为200mg/L;H2O2投加量为2mL/L;反应时间为1h的条件下,Fenton氧化工艺COD去除率为47.76%,DNT去除率为87.37%左右。     

O2-Fenton试剂处理对氨基苯磺酸废水的探讨

利用由O2和Fenton试剂组成的类Fenton系统处理对氨基苯磺酸废水,取得了很好的降解效果.当FeSO4(10g/L)投加量为1.2mL、H2O2(3%)投加量为3mL时,COD去除率可达到70%.     

气田压裂返排液氧化处理实验研究

以四川某气田压裂返排液为研究对象,采用破胶絮凝处理后进行氧化对比实验,氧化剂选用高锰酸钾、过硫酸钾、次氯酸钠、Fenton试剂。研究表明,絮凝实验最佳条件为氧化钙、硫酸铝和硫酸亚铁投加量分别为3,1,1 g/L。4种氧化方法的最佳实验条件为:高锰酸钾投加量0.5 g/L,pH值为4;过硫酸钾投加量0.25g/L,pH值为6;次氯酸钠投加量15 g/L,pH值为4;Fenton氧化方法pH值为3.5,双氧水投加量25 g/L,七水硫酸亚铁投加量10 g/L。出水COD_(Cr)最多可降至800 mg/L左右,最大COD_(Cr)去除率72.96%,处理效果良好,为后续处理创造了条件。     

电解-耦合类芬顿催化氧化技术处理印染废水

采用电解-耦合类芬顿催化氧化技术对纺织印染行业废水进行深度处理,分别考察不同Fe/C比、溶液p H值、药剂投加量与反应时间对去除效果的影响,结果在p H值为3.5、Fe/C为1︰1、H_2O_2投加量为200mg/L、Fe SO_4投加量为200mg/L时,反应时间控制在20min,废水的COD去除率可达62.5%。     

车载巡回式UV／Fenton装置处理小城镇垃圾渗滤液

为了研究车载巡回处理装置对小城镇垃圾渗滤液的处理效果,采用自制的UV-Fenton试验装置研究了pH值、FeSO_4剂量、反应时间等因素对处理效果的影响,结果表明:最佳pH值为4.0,进水中COD为825 mg/L时,FeSO_4和H_2O_2的投加量分别为0.008 mol/L和0.08 mol/L,此时COD去除率72.22%,出水COD为216 mg/L;随着FeSO_4投加量缓慢增加到一定程度后转而下降,FeSO_4最佳投加量为0.008 mol/L;不同H_2O_2和Fe~(2+)配比对COD去除效果具有影响,(10:1)时为最佳配比。经过氨吹脱和混凝沉淀预处理的渗滤液采用UV/Fenton处理工艺,出水中COD可以达到《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB 16889-1997)中二级标准。     

高黏度压裂废液絮凝处理实验

压裂废液的高黏度导致其流动性差,投加的PAC、PAM等常规处理剂在废液中很难扩散,传质作用慢,造成絮凝沉淀时间长,絮体虚浮、泥量体积比大,处理效果差。投加膨润土可改善高黏度压裂废液絮凝处理效果,缩短沉降时间。实验表明:最佳处理条件为膨润土加量800¹ 000 mg/L,PAC加量2001 000 mg/L,PAC加量200³00 mg/L.,投加膨润土后搅拌1300 mg/L.,投加膨润土后搅拌1² min;混凝处理后悬浮固体去除率97.5%,石油类去除率88.6%,污泥体积减少50%以上,沉降时间缩短90%。     

高浓度土霉素废水预处理工艺的试验研究

本试验采用混凝沉淀和气浮工艺处理高浓度土霉素废水,结果表明,作为预处理工艺,这套工艺在技术上是可行的;在石灰投加量为1500mg/L、PAC投加量为2250mg/L、PAM投加量为4mg／L的条件下,混凝沉淀的CODcr去除率达到75．8％,BOD5／CODcr的值由原来的0.15提高到0.32。     

火电行业脱硫废水除垢技术小试实验研究

本文以新疆某火力发电厂脱硫废水为研究对象,通过实验室软化预处理小试研究,为火电行业脱硫废水零排放提供理论支持和数据支撑。研究结果表明:在该火电厂脱硫废水软化预处理过程中沉淀剂(NaOH/Na_2CO_3)最佳投加顺序为先投加NaOH沉淀Mg~(2+),后加Na_2CO_3沉淀Ca~(2+);最佳投加量为n(NaOH)/n(Mg~(2+))=6:1, n(Na_2CO_3)/n(Ca~(2+))=1:1,该脱硫废水中Ca~(2+)/Mg~(2+)的去除率可以达到99%以上,脱硫废水硬度(以CaCO_3计)低于450 mg/L,为火电脱硫废水后续处理提供水质保证。     

钢铁厂废酸对印染前处理废水的混凝沉淀实验

棉纺织印染前处理废水水质成分复杂,污染物含量极高,是印染厂污水处理难以达标的重要原因。实验针对常州某印染厂棉纺织印染前处理车间废水水质特性,选取钢铁厂废酸作为混凝剂对棉纺织印染前处理废水进行了混凝试验研究。得出废酸的最佳投加量为30mL/L;混凝最佳搅拌方式为：以300rpm速度快速搅拌2min,以40rpm搅拌10min;助凝剂阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺（CPAM）以投加4mg/L为宜;最佳沉淀时间为20min。     

油田含油污水高级氧化技术研究

以气浮—过滤预处理后的污水为处理对象,通过臭氧氧化与Fenton氧化两种方法处理油田含油污水。经实验验证:Fenton在pH为4,H2O2初始浓度为0.08mol/L,Fe2+与H2O2的摩尔比为1:10,H2O2与CODCr的质量比为1:1,反应时间为60min的条件下,去除率达54.3%(CODCr100mg/L),可达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》二级标准。     

芬顿法和湿式过氧化氢氧化法处理醇酮模拟水的研究

以醇酮模拟水为研究对象,系统考察了芬顿法和湿式过氧化氢氧化法主要因素的影响规律,其中包括H2O2加量、pH值、Fe2+加量、反应时间等。通过单因素实验分别得到较优的反应条件。在较优条件下,芬顿法使醇酮模拟水的COD去除率达到73.40%,B/C由原来的0.15提高至0.30;湿式过氧化氢氧化法使醇酮模拟水的COD去除率达到73.12%,B/C提高到0.36。两种处理方法较大的提高了醇酮模拟水的可生化性,为后续的深度处理创造了条件。     

Degradation of a commercial textile biocide with advanced oxidation processes and ozone

The occurrence of significant amounts of biocidal finishing agents in the environment as a consequence of intensive textile finishing activities has become a subject of major public health concern and scientific interest only recently. In the present study, the treatment efficiency of selected, well-known advanced oxidation processes (Fenton, Photo-Fenton, TiO(2)/UV-A, TiO(2)/UV-A/H(2)O(2)) and ozone was compared for the degradation and detoxification of a commercial textile biocide formulation containing a 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether as the active ingredient. The aqueous biocide solution was prepared to mimic typical effluent originating from the antimicrobial finishing operation (BOD(5,o) < or =5 mg/L; COD(o)=200 mg/L; DOC(o) (dissolved organic carbon)=58 mg/L; AOX(o) (adsorbable organic halogens)=48 mg/L; LC(50,o) (lethal concentration causing 50% death or immobilization in Daphnia magna)=8% v/v). Ozonation experiments were conducted at different ozone doses (500-900 mg/h) and initial pH (7-12) to assess the effect of ozonation on degradation (COD, DOC removal), dearomatization (UV(280) and UV(254) abatement), dechlorination (AOX removal) and detoxification (changes in LC(50)). For the Fenton experiments, the effect of varying ferrous iron catalyst concentrations and UV-A light irradiation (the Photo-Fenton process) was examined. In the heterogenous photocatalytic experiments, Degussa P25-type TiO(2) was used as the catalyst and the effect of reaction pH (3, 7 and 12) and H(2)O(2) addition on the photocatalytic treatment efficiency was examined. Although in the photochemical (i.e. Photo-Fenton, TiO(2)/UV-A and TiO(2)/UV-A/H(2)O(2)) experiments appreciably higher COD and DOC removal efficiencies were obtained, ozonation appeared to be equally effective to achieve dearomatization (UV(280) abatement) at all studied reaction pH. During ozonation of the textile biocide effluent, AOX abatement proceeded significantly faster than dearomatization and was complete after 20 min ozonation (267 mg O(3)). On the other hand, for complete detoxification, ozonation had to be continued for at least 30 min (corresponding to 400mg O(3)). Effective AOX and acute toxicity removal was also obtained after heterogeneous photocatalytic treatment (TiO(2)/UV-A and TiO(2)/UV-A/H(2)O(2)). The Fenton-based treatment experiments and particularly the dark Fenton reaction resulted in relatively poor degradation, dearomatization, AOX and acute toxicity removals.     

纳米零价铁去除磷酸盐机理研究

纳米零价铁(nanoscale zero-valent iron,nZVI)颗粒具有独特核-壳结构,使其具有较强氧化还原特性,比表面积大和表面活性高等特点,因此被广泛用于不同环境介质中多种污染物的去除修复。本研究采用传统的液相化学还原法合成nZVI颗粒并用于去除水溶液中的磷酸盐。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)表征nZVI颗粒的性质。实验研究了nZVI投加量、PO3-4初始浓度、溶液初始pH值对nZVI去除PO3-4效率的影响及微米零价铁(micro-ZVI)和nZVI去除PO3-4的对比。实验结果表明,当PO3-4初始浓度为20mg/L时,随着nZVI投加量从200mg/L增加到1000mg/L,PO3-4去除效率从32.94%上升到90.17%;当nZVI投加量为600mg/L时,随着PO3-4初始浓度从10mg/L增加到100mg/L,PO3-4去除效率从87.33%下降到45.77%;当nZVI投加量为600mg/L且PO3-4初始浓度为20mg/L,溶液pH分别为3和4时,PO3-4去除效率分别为83.63%和92.36%;nZVI和mZVI投加量均为600mg/L且PO3-4初始浓度为10mg/L,nZVI的PO3-4去除率(87.33%)是mZVI(8.86%)的9.86倍。研究结果表明,nZVI能够高效去除水体中的磷酸盐,主要去除机理是吸附和化学沉淀的双重作用。     

UV-H_2O_2联用工艺去除水中阿特拉津的研究

采用间歇式反应器考察了UV-H2O2高级氧化技术去除水中阿特拉津的效果及其影响因素,并进行了相关的反应动力学研究。结果表明,在pH值6.9,阿特拉津初始浓度500μg/L,紫外辐照强度172μW/cm2时,H2O2投加量50mg/L,反应10min后,阿特拉津的去除率90%。UV-H2O2联用工艺对阿特拉津的降解符合一级反应动力学。H2O2在该联用工艺降解阿特拉津中具有双重作用,一方面,当H2O2投加量较小时,一级反应速率常数随H2O2投加量的增加基本呈现线性增加的趋势;另一方面,当H2O2浓度增加到一定程度(90mg/L)后,阿特拉津的降解速率随H2O2浓度的变化已不明显,而H2O2浓度为102mg/L时,则出现了抑制作用。     

高铁酸钾氧化去除弱碱性地下水中低浓度石油类污染物实验研究

研究一般地下水弱碱性水溶液中,高铁酸钾对低浓度石油烃类污染物的氧化去除率.采用0#柴油模拟石油类污染物试验水样,氧化反应在200mL烧杯中模拟完全混合状态完成.实验分析浓度分别为5.02mg/L、2.05mg/L、1.01mg/L和0.52mg/L4个水样石油类污染物氧化去除率.实验研究显示,石油类污染浓度与高铁酸钾浓...     

城市污水Al盐化学除磷的试验研究

针对新疆地区污水厂总磷去除效率有限,出水总磷存在超标排放风险的问题。试验中采用自配不同总磷含量的生活污水,通过小试试验,投加AlCl3进行试验室模拟化学除磷试验。研究结果表明:进水总磷浓度为2～4mg/L时,投加AlCl3/TP质量比为8.6;进水总磷浓度为6mg/L时,投加AlCl3/TP质量比上升到13.1,出水总磷浓度均<0.5mg/L,AlCl3投加不会改变污水的pH值,化学沉淀最佳时间为30min。建议设计除磷沉淀池的停留时间为25min～30min。     

臭氧—活性炭技术处理石油微污染地下水*

在实验室及中试条件下研究了臭氧-活性炭技术对石油微污染地下水的处理效果。通过石油类和高锰酸盐指数两个指标,考察了臭氧投加量、pH值、过滤速率等操作参数对污染物的去除效果。结果表明:臭氧投加量和活性炭过滤速率是最主要的影响因素,pH值对处理效果影响不显著。中试条件下适宜的臭氧投加量应为8mg/L左右,最佳过滤速率在10m/h附近。采用臭氧氧化与活性炭过滤组合工艺,当进水石油类浓度在1.5mg/L以下时,出水石油类低于0.3mg/L,高锰酸盐指数低于3.0mg/L。     

Response surface optimization of acid red 119 dye from simulated wastewater using Al based waterworks sludge and polyaluminium chloride as coagulant

In this research, the performance of Polyaluminium Chloride (PAC) and Polyaluminium Chloride sludge (PACS) as coagulants for acid red 119 (AR119) dye removal from aqueous solutions were compared. The sample of PACS was collected from "Baba Sheikh Ali" water treatment plant (Isfahan, Iran) where PAC is used as a coagulant in the coagulation/flocculation process. A response surface methodology was applied to evaluate the simple and combined effects of the operating variables including initial pH, coagulant dosage and initial dye concentration and to optimize the operating conditions of the treatment process. Results reveal that the optimal conditions for dye removal were initial pH 3.42, coagulant dosage of 4.55 g dried PACS/L and initial dye concentration of 140 mg/L for PACS, while the optimal initial pH, coagulant dosage and initial dye concentration for PAC were 3.8, 57 mg/L and 140 mg/L, respectively. Under these optimal values of process parameters, the dye removal efficiency of 94.1% and 95.25% was observed for PACS and PAC, respectively. Although lower amount of PAC in comparison with PACS was needed for specific dye removal, the reuse of PACS as a low-cost material can offer some advantages such as high efficiency for AR119 dye removal and economic savings on overall water and wastewater treatment plant operation costs.