Fine Dust Filtration Using a Metal Fiber Bed

Abstract

A bed-type filter composed of thin metal alloy fiber was closely examined with dust capturing in cold and hot runs. The investigation of an individual mechanism across the filter bed indicated that the aerated dust could be initially collected by depth filtration, and after a while, surface filtration dominated the overall dust collection. The present metal fiber bed was comparable to the conventional ceramic filters because of its good collection efficiency with low pressure drop. It also showed potential to be used as a prefilter in a diesel exhaust trapping system.     

固定床中粒状脱硫剂除尘效率的研究

建立了非稳态过滤下的固定床颗粒层除尘效率模型.该模型尽可能地包含了影响固定床颗粒层除尘的参数,反映了沉积粉尘对除尘效率的影响;研究了以粒状脱硫剂为滤料的固定床在不同颗粒层厚度、空床气速、粒径下的除尘效率.结果表明,在颗粒层厚度为400～800 cm、空床气速≤0.4 m/s的条件下,颗粒层的除尘效率可达90％以上.     

Dust collection efficiency analysis in a two-dimensional circulating granular bed filter

Dust collection efficiency data were analyzed to determine better operating conditions for a two-dimensional circulating granular bed filter (CGBF). The dust collection efficiency in the granular bed was affected by the following operating parameters: the louver angle, the solids mass flow rate, and the particle size of the bed material. Experimental results showed that higher dust collection efficiency occurs when the solids mass flow rates were 20.34 +/- 0.24, 21.50 +/- 0.11, and 30.51 +/- 0.57 g/sec at louver angles of 45 degrees, 30 degrees, and 20 degrees, respectively. Optimal dust collection efficiency peaked with a louver angle of 30 degrees. Average particle sizes of bed material by sieve diameters (microm) of 795 microm had higher dust collection efficiency than the average collector particle size of 1500 microm. Dust collection efficiency is influenced by bed material attrition phenomenon, causing dust collection efficiency to decrease rapidly. The dust collection efficiency analysis not only found the system free of design defects but also assisted in the operation of the two-dimensional CGBF system.     

Dust Collection Efficiency Analysis in a Two-Dimensional Circulating Granular Bed Filter

Abstract

Dust collection efficiency data were analyzed to determine better operating conditions for a two-dimensional circulating granular bed filter (CGBF). The dust collection efficiency in the granular bed was affected by the following operating parameters: the louver angle, the solids mass flow rate, and the particle size of the bed material. Experimental results showed that higher dust collection efficiency occurs when the solids mass flow rates were 20.34 ± 0.24, 21.50 ± 0.11, and 30.51 ± 0.57 g/sec at louver angles of 45°, 30°, and 20°, respectively. Optimal dust collection efficiency peaked with a louver angle of 30°. Average particle sizes of bed material by sieve diameters (μm) of 795 μm had higher dust collection efficiency than the average collector particle size of 1500 μm. Dust collection efficiency is influenced by bed material attrition phenomenon, causing dust collection efficiency to decrease rapidly. The dust collection efficiency analysis not only found the system free of design defects but also assisted in the operation of the two-dimensional CGBF system.     

一种新型国产高效除尘滤筒在船厂分段涂装车间的应用

国产除尘滤材是将聚酯纤维热轧成型 ,再涂敷高分子发泡制成。滤材硬挺、耐压、抗撕裂 ,内部结构稳定 ,粉尘过滤精度高 ,实现表面过滤 ,易清灰再生 ,使用寿命长 ,耐水、酸、碱 ,可广泛用于各工业领域的气体净化和粉尘处理。大连新船重工集团把国产除尘滤材制成的滤筒配置到厂内原有的除尘系统中 ,通过 1年多的使用 ,获得非常满意的除尘效果。从而证明国产滤料性能已达到国际先进水平。     

长纤维过滤器过滤过程的数值模拟

在长纤维束过滤器动力学模型和现场实验数据的基础上,利用Comsol Mulitiphysics仿真软件对长纤维束过滤器过滤过程进行数值模拟。将3类仿真曲线(滤出水颗粒浓度随时间的变化曲线、滤液浓度沿滤层的变化曲线、滤床各层比积泥量的变化曲线)与实验所得的真实曲线分别进行对比,两者比较接近。说明该过滤过程模型可用于影响长纤维束过滤器运行特性中单个或多个变化因素(初始滤速、纤维束装填密度、流入浓度和纤维丝直径等)实验结果的估算,可作为长纤维过滤器的实验研究、操作优化和结构设计的参考。     

Feasibility of granular bed filtration of an aerosol of ultrafine metallic particles including a pressure drop regeneration system

A process for filtering an aerosol of ultrafine metallic particles (UFP) has been designed and tested, based on the principle of a multistage granular bed. The filtration system comprised a succession of granular beds of varying thickness composed of glass beads of different diameters. This system allows the pressure drop to be regenerated during filtration (“on-line” mode) using a vibrating probe. Tests monitoring the pressure drop were conducted on a “10-L/min” low airflow rate device and on a “100-m³/hr” prototype. Granular bed unclogging is automated on the latter. The cyclic operation and filtration performances are similar to that of filter medium-based industrial dust collectors.

Implications:?Filtration of ultrafine metallic particles generated by different industrial processes such as arc welding, metal cutting, or spraying constitutes a difficult problem due to the high filter clogging properties of these particles and to the high temperatures generally encountered. Granular beds represent an advantageous means of filtering these aerosols with difficult properties.     

滤料负载粉尘层对气态汞脱除性能的实验研究

通过不同性能纤维滤料负载燃煤飞灰粉尘层,来模拟袋式除尘器滤袋表面粉尘附着层,进而研究袋滤器用不同性能纤维滤料和粉尘附着层对燃煤烟气中Hg0的联合脱除性能。在固定床实验系统上分别进行了不同纤维滤料和燃煤飞灰粉尘层,以及经实验优选得到的华博特滤料负载燃煤飞灰粉尘层脱除燃煤烟气中Hg0的实验研究。结果表明,燃煤飞灰粉尘层和华博特滤料对Hg0分别有一定的脱除作用,脱除效率可达35%和42.5%,它们对Hg0的脱除是物理吸附和化学吸附共同作用的结果;同时,华博特滤料负载燃煤飞灰粉尘层对Hg0的联合脱除效率受到吸附反应温度、入口汞浓度和烟气停留时间等因素的影响,最佳脱汞率可达64.4%;吸附反应温度越高,脱除效率越低;烟气停留时间越大,脱除效率越高;入口汞浓度的提高并不一定提高华博特滤料负载飞灰粉尘层的脱汞效果。     

Preparation of electrospun polyurethane filter media and their collection mechanisms for ultrafine particles

Electrospinning is a simple and versatile process to produce polymer nanofibers, which are useful for ultrafine particle filtration. In this study, a polyurethane filter with an average fiber diameter of 150–250 nm was prepared through the electrospinning process and its filtration characteristics were investigated. We found that the electrospun fiber diameter was highly dependent on the polyurethane concentration, electric field, and tip-to-collector distance. As the polyurethane concentration, electric field, and tip-to-collector distance under the same electric field increased, the fiber diameter increased. We also found that the produced filter media had a minimum collection efficiency at particles sizes from 80 to 100 nm, which implies an electrostatic attraction between the filter and the test particles. Furthermore, we observed that interception was a predominant collection mechanism at Peclet numbers higher than 10 in nanofiber filtration for ultrafine particles.

Implications:

A polyurethane nanofiber filter with excellent mechanical properties was prepared, and the effect of operating conditions on fiber morphology was examined. The filter fabricated by an electrospinning process is charged and has high filtration efficiency due to electrostatic force. Therefore, it can be a good alternative to control hazardous ultrafine particles.     

颗粒层非稳态过滤捕集效率的研究

为计算颗粒层非稳态过滤效率,通过改进经典过滤理论模型,考虑颗粒在过滤介质中的沉积,理论推导得出非稳态过滤效率的计算公式,而经典颗粒层过滤效率计算公式仅为此计算公式的特例。因为理论计算公式是隐函数,不便于工程实际应用,所以,在常温条件下,对非稳态过滤时的过滤时间、过滤风速、过滤层厚度、粉尘浓度和颗粒层滤料均粒径等五个因素进行了正交实验研究。采用多元回归的方法得出各影响因素与过滤效率呈显性关系的效率关联计算公式,其计算结果与实验测试结果基本吻合。     

Panel Bed Filters for Simultaneous Removal of Fly Ash and Sulfur Dioxide:

Experimental studies of the filtration of dilute aerosols of Dow microspheres by beds of sand have been conducted with flows passing vertically upward, vertically downward, and horizontally. With the use of Happel’s “free surface” model for a granular bed, the results can be correlated reasonably well by semiempirical, semitheoretical considerations taking into account collection by diffusion, gravity settling, direct interception, and inertial impaction. The results are preliminary to experiments to be made on filtration of aerosols by a filter cake of fly ash resting upon a sand bed.     

新型颗粒层过滤性能的宏观数学模型

根据固定床颗粒层内气流含尘浓度的连续方程、颗粒层过滤规律和新型颗粒层的过滤特点,建立了固定床颗粒层过滤过程和新型颗粒层过滤性能的宏观数学模型;根据颗粒层的过滤机理和实际灰尘颗粒粒径的分布状态,在实验的基础上,修正了过滤速度对颗粒层过滤效率的影响;根据实验结果对过滤效率方程式、床层压降方程式中的特征参数进行了回归,得到了具体过滤介质的颗粒层宏观过滤数学模型。模型表明新型颗粒层过滤过程是一个不随过滤时间变化的准稳态过程,只与过滤介质特性和循环清灰周期有关,模型计算值能准确地反映颗粒层的过滤性能。     

Performance Budgeting for the Public Health Service Air Pollution Program

The Lurgi-MB-Filler collects dust from industrial gases by mechanical means in a dry state. It works in continuous operation at temperatures up to 660°F with high dust collecting efficiencies and a low draft loss. The gas to be cleaned passes through a filter bed consisting of abrasion resisting material such as gravel, etc. The captured dust is removed from the filter bed by a patented vibrating system which shakes the spring supported filter bed containers. Simple design and automatic operation ensure low investment and operating costs and give an economic superiority in the fields of cleaning waste air from clinker coolers, conveyors, crushers, pulverizing mills, driers, and preparation plants.     

Dust Deposit Profiles in a High Velocity Pulse-Jet Fabric Filter

Dust deposit profiles in a pilot-scale pulse-jet fabric filter were measured using a beta gauge. Fly ash was collected on polyester needled felt bags, and the dust profiles were measured after the test system was operated to equilibrium at superficial filtration velocities of 50, 75,100,125, and 150 mm/s. The profiles measured show that a large mass of dust is retained on the fabric of a pulse-jet filter when operated at high filtration velocities. This dust mass retention can be caused by two mechanisms: the failure to remove dust from the fabric during a cleaning pulse, and the redeposition of suspended dust onto the fabric after a cleaning pulse. The dust deposit measured at the highest test velocity was found to be much different from the deposits measured at all other velocities. The deposit found at 150 mm/s had almost twice the average areal density and was more evenly distributed than the deposits found at lower velocities.     

纤维与石英砂过滤技术的比较研究

提出了无需额外反冲洗装置与动力消耗的水力自清洗纤维过滤技术,与石英砂过滤进行了比较研究,探索该技术应用的可行性。结果表明,10 m/h滤速下纤维过滤与石英砂过滤相比,出水浊度、SS分别降低59%和86%,COD、TOC、TP和TN降低5%～20%,水头损失大幅降低,两者初始水头损失分别为0.12 kPa和3.97 kPa,5 h后分别达到1.58kPa和5.98 kPa。纤维滤柱反冲洗历时40 s,而石英砂滤柱为15 min,反洗耗水率分别为2.9%和6.9%。反洗后纤维滤柱出水浊度和SS分别为4.08 NTU、6 mg/L,低于石英砂滤柱的5.81 NTU、28 mg/L。水力自清洗纤维过滤技术可节省动力装置和动力消耗,反冲洗历时短、耗水率低,具有较好的应用前景。     

Performance of a Pulse-Jet Filter at High Filtration Velocity I. Particle Collection

The fly ash collection characteristics of a pulse-jet fabric filter have been studied. Fly ash penetration was found to decrease as the dust deposit increased from 0 to 60 micrometers in thickness, to increase as face velocity through the bags increased from 5 to 15 cm/s, and to remain relatively constant for particles from 0.3 to 4.0 µm in diameter. Experiments employing chemically tagged fly ash were performed to investigate three dust penetration mechanisms. On resumption of filtering after cleaning, penetration by straight through dust loss declined rapidly from its maximum, reached a minimum, and then increased. Seepage of dust through the fabric was found to be constant throughout the filtration cycle. Dust lost as pinhole plugs increased after cleaning, passed through a maximum, and then declined. The pinholes appeared to open the way for further penetration by the straight through mechanism.     

Performance of a Pulse-Jet Filter At High Filtration Velocity II. Filter Cake Redeposition

Pulse-jet filter cleaning is ineffective to the extent that collected dust redeposits rather than falls to the hopper. Dust tracer techniques were used to measure the amount of redeposition in a pilot scale pulse-jet filter. A mathematical model based on experimental results was developed to describe dust transfer from bag to bag, redeposition on the pulsed bag itself, and migration to the dust hopper. Dust redeposition upon the pulsed bag increased markedly with increasing filtration velocity, whereas migration and redeposition on bags adjacent to the pulsed bag decreased. For high velocity pulse-jet filters to operate at lowest possible pressure drop, filter cake redeposition must be minimized.     

捕集植物纤维性粉尘的研究

植物纤维性粉尘因其固有特性 ,在除尘技术中是一个没有解决好的难题。通过理论分析、实验研究与工程应用 ,利用流化床除尘器解决了这一问题 ,实现了除尘器的高效、低阻和可靠运行     

Characterization of activated carbon fiber filters for pressure drop, submicrometer particulate collection, and mercury capture

The use of activated carbon fiber (ACF) filters for the capture of particulate matter and elemental Hg is demonstrated. The pressure drop and particle collection efficiency characteristics of the ACF filters were established at two different face velocities and for two different aerosols: spherical NaCl and combustion-generated silica particles. The clean ACF filter specific resistance was 153 kg m-2 sec-1. The experimental specific resistance for cake filtration was 1.6 x 10(6) sec-1 and 2.4 x 10(5) sec-1 for 0.5- and 1.5-micron mass median diameter particles, respectively. The resistance factor R was approximately 2, similar to that for the high-efficiency particulate air filters. There was a discrepancy in the measured particle collection efficiencies and those predicted by theory. The use of the ACF filter for elemental Hg capture was illustrated, and the breakthrough characteristic was established. The capacity of the ACF filter for Hg capture was similar to other powdered activated carbons.     

Filtration of fly ash using a fluidized-bed filter

This study focuses on the control of particulates with a fluidized-bed filter in exhaust gas stream. The fluidized-bed filter classified in the granular bed filtration technology was employed to demonstrate the performance for removal of fly ash at indicated operating velocities, fixed bed heights, and bed temperatures; then the collecting mechanisms of particulates by fluidized-bed filter were studied. The size distribution of fly ash passing through the fluidized-bed filter was also analyzed. The results indicate that at higher operating velocities and fixed bed heights, the removal of fly ash is more efficient and inertial impaction is the main mechanism when the fluidized-bed is operated at room temperature (25 degrees C). While operating at higher temperatures (200 degrees C), efficiency of 93.2% to 99.4% can be achieved for submicron particles. It is supposed to be the diffusion mechanism that is responsible for collecting such small particles, and high temperature is a favorable condition because of diffusion.