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Berberoglu S 《Environmental management》2003,31(3):0442-0451
The objective of this article is to propose a program for the integrated coastal zone management that is required to stimulate
and guide sustainable development of the Mediterranean coastal zone of Turkey.
Improved data collection, quality control, analysis, and data management will provide a firm basis for future scientific understanding
of the East Mediterranean coast of Turkey and will support long-term management. Various innovative procedures were proposed
for a promising ecosystem-based approach to manage coastal wetlands in the Mediterranean: remote data acquisition with new
technologies; environmental quality monitoring program that will provide a baseline for monitoring; linking a Geographic Information
System (GIS) with natural resource management decision routines in the context of operational wetlands, fisheries, tourism
management system; environmental sensitivity analysis to ensure that permitted developments are environmentally sustainable;
and use of natural species to restore the wetlands and coastal dunes and sustain the system processes. The proposed management
scheme will benefit the scientific community in the Mediterranean and the management/planning community in Eastern Turkey. 相似文献
3.
Experiencing nature and enjoying natural amenities have long been identified as key motives for rural second home tourism. However, the more people travel and spend time in the natural environment, the more it is disturbed by their actions and activities. In this paper, we examine how people perceive the environmental impacts of rural second home tourism and how they justify their views. The study focuses on Finland where rural second homes are widespread. Analysis is based on a questionnaire survey conducted among Finns in 2012 (n?=?1189). Responses from different groups of respondents (second home owners, regular users of second homes and non-users) are quantitatively and qualitatively analysed. The results indicate that the Finnish respondents generally think that second home tourism poses some degree of harmful environmental impacts. However, it is the second home owners who are least worried about these environmental impacts. They generally justify their opinions using a “place-related” perspective, that is, by referring to their own experiences and actions at the cottage site. In contrast, the non-users see environmental impacts more often from a broader perspective by referring to the wider environmental interconnections with second home tourism. In our discussion, we introduce the notions of place-based (relative) and phenomenon-based (relational) environmental perceptions as a potential framework for future research on this topic. In mitigating the increasing environmental impacts of second home tourism, understanding the environmental perceptions and awareness of second home owners and users is crucial to be successful in mobilising sustainable options and environmental governance. 相似文献
4.
The paper provides a review of available information on the impact of recreation and tourism on environments, particularly on vegetation and soil, in Australia, with an emphasis on forests. Efforts have been made to compare the current research and development situation in Australia with some overseas countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom. While many documents reveal that Australia has been experiencing an increasingly high level of recreation and tourism use in its environments, only limited studies of environmental impacts of recreation and tourism have been published. Compared with other developed countries, particularly the United Kingdom and the United States, Australia lags behind in undertaking research in this area. The results of these limited studies and some observations indicate that the most common recreational and tourist activities (such as bush walking, camping, horse-riding) can, if not well managed, adversely affect the values of Australian natural and semi-natural resources. Overall, they can affect the vegetation and other recreational sites physically and biologically. Physical effects include track formation, soil loss and/or compaction and an increase in fire frequency. Littering and water pollution are also seen as impacts associated with bush walking and camping. Biological effects include causing damage to vegetation, increasing risk of myrtle wilt disease and the spread of the soil pathogen,Phytophthora cinnamomi, as well as assisting weed dispersal. Based on the information reviewed, the authors suggest the following areas as priorities for future research into the environmental impact of recreation and tourism in Australia: determine the type of natural features that attract recreation use; determine the quantitative relationship between the impact and the level of recreation and tourism use for different activities within major vegetation habitats; ascertain site carrying capacity or environment thresholds for major vegetation habitats and recreation activities; and determine the impacts of recreation and tourism for major regions and major vegetation habitats where there have been considerable nature-based recreation and tourism activities.1998 Academic Press 相似文献
5.
Richard J. Douglass 《Environmental management》1989,13(3):355-363
Rodents can be useful in detecting environmental impacts because they are easy to study (easy to capture and handle), they can occur in densities adequate for statistical analysis, and they are ecologically important. In this study the usefulness of rodent populations for ecological monitoring was investigated by examining the effect of variation on the possibility of detecting differences among populations of rodents on 10 trapping grids. The effects of sampling frequencies and dispersal on detecting differences in population parameters among grids was also investigated, as was the possibility of inferring population parameters from correlations with habitat data. Statistically significant differences as small as 4.3Peromyscus maniculatus/ha were detected between grids. Of 10 populations, this comprised 12% of the highest-density population and 44% of the lowest-density population. Smaller and more differences among grids were found by examining only animals surviving from previous months. Dispersal confounds detection of direct impacts to populations, especially during the breeding season. Infrequent sampling fails to detect impacts that occur between sampling periods and will indicate impacts when observed changes result from natural variation. Correlations between population parameters and habitat variables exist but should only be used in predicting, not measuring, impacts. It is concluded that some rodent populations can be used in ecological monitoring. However, intensive sampling is required to account for variation and dispersal. 相似文献
6.
The impacts of recreation and tourism in the remote North Kimberly region of Western Australia 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Marion Hercock 《The Environmentalist》1999,19(3):259-275
The environmental impacts created by recreational visitors to the wet-dry tropics of Western Australia raise questions about the type of visitor and the capacity of remote areas to 'carry increasing numbers of visitors. This paper looks at those questions in regard to some of the more remote natural attractions in the tropical North Kimberley region. Three locations—Cape Domett at the mouth of the Ord River, the Admiralty Gulf and the Mitchell Plateau—illustrate the differences between attractions, visitors, patterns of visitor behavior and their impacts on the local environment. As the highly variable nature of the Australian wet-tropics renders the use of conventional site indicators of carrying capacity difficult, an ecological alternative is proposed for research. The dominance of local and other Australian four-wheel drivers to the Kimberley and the impacts they create are shown to challenge the government's promotion of the region to overseas visitors and its notion of tourism as a sustainable industry. 相似文献
7.
Tourism development may result in negative impacts on natural resources owing to overuse and mismanagement. However, tourism
may also play positive roles in natural resource conservation, which has rarely been verified in practice, although some researchers
have demonstrated this in theory. In this article, taking the Jiuzhaigou Biosphere Reserve as a case study area, we conducted
an analysis for the environmental impacts from tourism development based on social survey and interpretation of remote sensing
images. The results show that the natural environment was not degraded and some indicators are even improving because all
the residents have participated in tourism and given up farming and hunting. It is concluded that it is possible to use tourism
as a way to balance natural resource conservation and economic development under the preconditions of making effective policies
to encourage and help local people participate in tourism business and to benefit from it. 相似文献
8.
The efficacy of government-supported programs to encourage improved management of land and water systems associated with agricultural land in Australia has been mixed. The broad approach of Australian governments is reviewed briefly. Evidence is presented from case assessments of a program to promote adoption of environmental management systems (EMSs) to improve environmental outcomes from agricultural practices. EMSs are systems implemented to manage the environmental impacts and ameliorate environmental risk associated with business activity. Data are presented on reported EMS activity and experience of four selected groups of farmers in Victoria, south-eastern Australia, representing broad-acre cropping, beef and dairy farming. The pro-environmental behaviours of farmers were mediated through voluntary adoption of government and industry sponsored EMSs, often with financial incentives and other support. Findings from the study were that adoption of EMS practices with sufficient public benefits is unlikely to occur at sufficient scale for significant environmental impact. Farmers more readily adopted practices which were financially beneficial than those which had a positive environmental impact. Although the focus on voluntary market-based instrument (MBI) type programs is popular in western countries, enforcing regulation is an important, but usually politically unpopular, component of land use policy. The comparative advantage of EMSs differed for the industries studied, but overall there were insufficient market drivers for widespread EMS adoption in Australia. Environmental outcomes could be more effectively achieved by directly funding land management practices which have highest public net benefits. Having a clear and unambiguous management objective for a particular land management policy is more likely to achieve outcomes than having multiple objectives as occurs in a number of international programs currently. 相似文献
9.
This paper reviews recent research into the ecological impacts of recreation and tourism on coastal marine fauna in Australia. Despite the high and growing importance of water-based recreation to the Australian economy, and the known fragility of many Australian ecosystems, there has been relatively limited research into the effects of marine tourism and recreation, infrastructure and activities, on aquatic resources. In this paper we have reviewed the ecological impacts on fauna that are caused by outdoor recreation (including tourism) in Australian coastal marine ecosystems. We predict that the single most potentially severe impact of recreation may be the introduction and/or dispersal of non-indigenous species of marine organisms by recreational vessels. Such introductions, together with other impacts due to human activities have the potential to increasingly degrade recreation destinations. In response, governments have introduced a wide range of legislative tools (e.g., impact assessment, protected area reservation) to manage the recreational industry. It would appear, however, that these instruments are not always appropriately applied. 相似文献
10.
Robert E. Zuellig Daren M. Carlisle 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2019,55(1):102-115
Detecting trends in biological attributes is central to many stream monitoring programs; however, understanding how natural variability in environmental factors affects trend results is not well understood. We evaluated the influence of antecedent streamflow and sample timing (covariates) on trend estimates for fish, invertebrate, and diatom taxa richness and biological condition from 2002 to 2012 at 51 sites distributed across the conterminous United States. A combination of linear regression and Kendall‐tau test for trends were used to evaluate covariate influence on trend estimates. Adjusting for covariates changed the magnitude of trend estimates in two‐thirds of cases on average by 21%, most often reducing the estimated magnitude of the trend. Additionally, covariates influenced the interpretation of over one‐third of trend estimates by either strengthening or weakening trends after adjustment. Our findings clearly indicate that antecedent streamflow and sample timing influences trend estimates and subsequent interpretation. Accounting for covariates during trend analysis will enhance stream monitoring programs by providing a better understanding and interpretation of estimated changes in biological endpoints at monitored sites. Failure to account for antecedent streamflow and sample timing may lead to mischaracterization of a trend and/or misunderstanding of potential causes. 相似文献
11.
Ecotourism,sustainable development,and conservation education: Development of a tour guide training program in Tortuguero,Costa Rica 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A tour guide training program was developed for rural communities near Costa Rica's Tortuguero National Park to respond to
the impacts of the 24-fold increase in park visitation in the past decade, to involve local communities in resource management,
and to provide regional environmental education. The development of the training course involved a survey of scientists and
park managers to ascertain resource management needs, priorities for information to be disseminated, and impacts of tourism
on the resource base. Current and potential tour guides were surveyed to identify their information needs, solicit their input
in the training program, and to determine their knowledge and skills. Written questionnaires were developed and given to 400
tourists to determine their activities and environmental information needs, and hotel owners were censused to examine the
economic feasibility of a local guide program. A pilot training course and guide program involving 12 Tortuguero residents
demonstrated that a tour guide program: (1) helped mitigate negative tourism impacts on Tortuguero National Park's natural
resources, particularly by regulating tourists on the park's 35-km beach used for nesting by endangered sea turtles; (2) provided
environmental education to an important segment of the local community not traditionally reached through school or government
development projects; (3) provided environmental information to tourists, thus enhancing their visit; and (4) provided local
economic benefits through lucrative part-time employment, thereby allowing local people to participate more fully in the tourism
system. An extended training course is being planned to provide further environmental education programming and to increase
year-round employment opportunities for the tour guides. 相似文献
12.
居民旅游影响感知态度及其动力因子研究——以周庄为例 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
旅游发展对旅游地居民生活产生经济、社会文化、环境等方面的影响。首先分析了居民对旅游影响和旅游发展的感知态度,发现居民对旅游影响的正面感知较强烈,对旅游发展也持理性支持的态度,其中居民对环境影响的正面感知最为强烈。结合居民态度随旅游发展而发生相应变化的相关理论与周庄现阶段旅游发展特征,对居民感知态度的动力因子进行了探讨。 相似文献
13.
Methods used to determine adverse impacts of air pollution on four levels of biological organization of terrestrial ecosystems were evaluated for their use in decision making by federal land managers of class I areas and as guidelines for scientists employed to design field studies in these areas. At the level of the individual, visible injury, biomass, and sulfur uptake were the most often used components; at the population level, natality and mortality; at the community level, diversity; and at the ecosystem level, biogeochemical cycling. Most studies focused on structural responses of individual organisms. These components are relatively sensitive and are easy and inexpensive to measure; however, linkages of these parameters to adverse impacts on populations, communities, or ecosystems are lacking. Measurements of effects of air pollution at the higher levels of organization are confounded by natural variability, long response times, climatic variation, pathogens, and other factors. In addition, the lack of replication and of true control areas creates severe problems for design of monitoring programs and testing of hypotheses concerning effects. 相似文献
14.
Volunteer Environmental Monitoring and the Role of the Universities: The Case of Citizens' Environment Watch 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Universities can provide a stable home for launching collaborative community research projects. Citizens' Environment Watch
(CEW), an environmental monitoring initiative based at the University of Toronto, has made significant contributions to environmental
education and stewardship in Ontario, Canada. Following dramatic cuts in provincial monitoring programs, citizens and youth
have used chemical parameters and biological indicators to gauge water and air quality, and to identify areas requiring remediation
and pollution prevention efforts. The relationship of Citizens' Environment Watch to government agencies, funders and other
grassroots environmental groups has evolved over the past 5 years as CEW attempts to remain effective without taking on the
investigative and enforcement roles to support the regulatory enforcement that has been largely abandoned by government. We
explore the challenges inherent in developing and maintaining a volunteer organization that carries out rigorous and useful
scientific work and we outline the ability of a university to help overcome these critical challenges. Finally, we present
lessons learned for the benefit of other citizen and youth monitoring projects. 相似文献
15.
Mangrove ecosystems in Sri Lanka are increasingly under threat from development projects, especially aquaculture. An economic
assessment is presented for a relatively large (42 ha) shrimp culture development proposed for the Rekawa Lagoon system in
the south of Sri Lanka, which involved an extended cost–benefit analysis of the proposal and an estimate of the “total economic
value” (TEV) of a mangrove ecosystem. The analysis revealed that the internal benefits of developing the shrimp farm are higher
than the internal costs in the ratio of 1.5:1. However, when the wider environmental impacts are more comprehensively evaluated,
the external benefits are much lower than the external costs in a ratio that ranges between 1:6 and 1:11. In areas like Rekawa,
where agriculture and fisheries are widely practiced at subsistence levels, shrimp aquaculture developments have disproportionately
large impacts on traditional livelihoods and social welfare. Thus, although the analysis retains considerable uncertainties,
more explicit costing of the environmental services provided by mangrove ecosystems demonstrates that low intensity, but sustainable,
harvesting has far greater long-term value to local stakeholders and the wider community than large shrimp aquaculture developments. 相似文献
16.
Brent D. Moyle Char-lee Moyle Alexandra Bec 《Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning》2018,20(1):31-44
The Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is a natural asset of global significance, spanning 2600?km’s along the Australian coastline. On the southern tip of the GBR is the Gladstone region, where high levels of industrial activity have been juxtaposed with the natural wonder, and World Heritage Listed, GBR. Given these competing local priorities, this research explores local perceptions of the GBR and its management. Exploratory analysis of 38 interviews with residents and stakeholders from Gladstone revealed a potential incongruence between environmental concern and support for more stringent management of the tourism and resources sectors on the GBR. A responsibility–accountability framework (RAF) for managing the use and protection of the GBR is developed by drawing on current theoretical frameworks and the results of the interviews. Importantly the framework highlights the importance of business responsibility combined with monitoring and control mechanisms to ensure accountability and to deliver transparency, education and partnership. Future research should apply the RAF for testing and application in other marine World Heritage Area contexts. 相似文献
17.
Darbra RM Pittam N Royston KA Darbra JP Journee H 《Journal of environmental management》2009,90(3):1396-1403
A group of 26 European ports was interviewed to understand their requirements for environmental information and to establish how widespread the use of Earth Observation (EO) data was amongst them. Aspects covered by the research included port profile characterisation, environmental management activities, environmental needs and current monitoring practices. The study reflected the diversity amongst European ports and their environmental performances. Most of the ports were publicly owned and located in estuaries and rivers. General cargo was the most popular commodity handled. Practically all the ports had an environmental policy in place and half of them had been accredited by an external body. The main environmental parameters that ports required to be monitored were marine related issues (currents, waves and tide), water quality, meteorological parameters, turbidity and sediment processes. The principal driver for monitoring was maintaining key port operations, followed by legislation, and local responsibilities. Ports in general collected their own data in situ and only one-third had used remotely sensed data (data from Earth Observation satellites or from airplane mounted sensors) for environmental purposes. Half of them used computer modelling. This study was conducted within the framework of the European funded port environmental information collector project (PEARL). 相似文献
18.
Kuvan Y 《Journal of environmental management》2005,75(3):263-274
The main aim of this article is to examine and review the usage of forests for the purpose of tourism in Turkey with the case study of Antalya-Belek. The use and conversion of forest lands is central to tourism development. Land use change is responsible for the majority of the negative environmental impacts of tourism on natural resources. Worldwide, forests and coastal zones are converted for the construction of tourist facilities. The rapid emergence of mass tourism development in Turkey, encouraged without considering protection and sustainable use of natural and cultural resources, has resulted in serious problems in forest areas. This paper is particularly concerned with land use change in forests (or deforestation) created by the allocation of forest lands to build tourist facilities. In Belek, a tourism center located in Antalya province's coastal areas and the fastest growing destination of the country, all tourist facilities have been established in forest lands under the status of conservation forest. Today, the Belek Conservation Forest is under severe pressure from tourism. 相似文献
19.
The planning and design of golf course developments is influenced by many factors. This paper focuses on the environmental
ramifications of insufficient or lack of compliance with standard environmental and economic planning practices. Specifically,
it looks at a tourist destination location that was under the influence of extensive land development and investment speculation.
The Gold Coast in Australia was the focal point for large overseas investment due to changes in government legislation regarding
foreign investment. Due to the economic climate in the second half of the 1980s many golf course resort developments were
built, approved, or planned. Many of these circumvented normal business and environment planning processes. The result has
been a dangerous concentration of golf facilities in environmentally sensitive areas and an oversupply of golf facilities.
Both of these matters are discussed in terms of the general planning process and the potential economic and environmental
impacts to the Gold Coast and similar destinations in other parts of the world. 相似文献