UASB工艺对饮料废水去除效果

采用UASB工艺在饮料废水去除COD的效果,废水水质为CODCr≤3000mg/L,处理出水CODCr≤600mg/L。工程实践表明该处理系统具有处理效果稳定,运行管理简便,运行费用低等优点。     

煤灰预处理-好氧生物技术处理有机废水的研究

介绍了煤灰预处理-好氧生物技术对有机废水的处理研究。结果表明,当有机废水中COD_Cr为1162mg/L,SS为382mg/L时,该技术对有机废水COD_Cr的去除率达96.9%,悬浮物的去除率达91.5%,处理废水的运行费用为0.22元/t。      

废水生物处理过程的能流与能效分析

废水生物处理是一个能耗密集型过程 ,其能耗费用是废水处理厂运行费用的主要部分 ,所造成的经济费用以及环境影响问题正受到日益严重的关注。本文就废水生物处理过程的运行能耗以及废水生化潜能 (BEP)的变化进行了分析探讨 ,对于正确识别不同废水生物处理工艺的能耗与能效 ,正确进行处理技术选择与决策具有重要的实际意义。     

煤矿酸性废水处理技术的应用研究

为了寻求对于煤矿酸性废水的经济适用处理技术,利用石灰中和沉淀法和石灰石中和法分别在贵州省织金县凤凰山地区废弃煤矿及贵阳市花溪区猫冲煤矿废水处理工程中进行应用研究,前者处理后出水pH平均值为8.06、TFe浓度平均值为0.66 mg/L、TMn浓度平均值为0.85 mg/L,工程运行费用为1.06元/t废水;后者处理后出水pH平均值为5.99、TFe浓度平均值为177.76 mg/L、TMn浓度平均值为8.48 mg/L,工程运行基本没有费用。从两个技术应用的水质情况及运行情况分析,两个技术有其相应的适用性。     

照相业废水处理新工艺

本文提出一个照相业废水化学处理新工艺。该工艺基于氧化还原反应。其银的回收率高达985，回收银的价值高于废水处理运行费用。处理后COD小于100mg/l，达到废水排放标准。     

新型MBR技术在电镀废水中的应用

某公司的电镀废水中有机污染物浓度较高而现有的处理系统对COD的处理效果较差,利用开发的新型MBR工艺对经化学和物化法预处理后的电镀废水进行现场中试。其进水CODcr范围为600-2000mg/L,经过本工艺处理后出水CODcr的平均值降低到67mg/L,平均去除率达到了89.2%。处理后的各水质指标远低于排放标准,可为废水的回用处理创造有利条件且本工艺的运行稳定性和抗冲击能力很好,具有投资省、运行费用低、运行管理方便等特点。     

洗漂企业污水处理工程撷英之增城市文利纺织染整有限公司污水处理工程实例

摘要：运行用柔性污水净化技术对牛仔洗漂废水、牛仔纱线印染废水进行处理,投资省,运行费用低,处理效果好,维修方便,操作简单。     

“生物墙”对废水处理技术的研究

生物墙是一种高效、无动力、无运行费用的生化处理技术,应用于人工湿地污水处理,可对比较难处理的废水进行深度处理而且取得良好的处理效果,同时运行费用低。     

九道岭镇生活废水治理工程实践

生活废水来源复杂,传统工艺消耗能源较大。工程采用格栅-调节池-人工湿地法处理辽宁省九道岭镇生活废水。工业实验表明,出水达到《辽宁省污水综合排放标准》(DB21/1627-2008)。该工艺简单、处理效果稳定,运行费用低,节约了能源消耗,对其他中小城镇生活废水的治理有一定的借鉴意义。     

总程平衡技术在印染废水处理中的应用

总程平衡技术在印染废水中得到应用，运行结果有限表明，该方法在处理废水达标排放的基础上，运行费用大大降低，值得推广。     

Experimental investigation of the effect of sediment transport patterns on the adsorption of cadmium ions onto sediment particles

The mechanism of flow turbulence, sediment supply conditions, and sediment transport patterns that affect the adsorption of cadmium ions onto sediment particles in natural waters are experimentally simulated and studied in this study both in batch reactors and in a turbulence simulation tank. By changing the agitation conditions, the sediment transport in batch reactors can be categorized into bottom sediment-dominated sediment and suspended sediment-dominated sediment. It is found that the adsorption rate of bottom sediment is much less than that of suspended sediment, but the sediment transport pattern does not affect the final (equilibrium) concentration of dissolved cadmium. This result indicates that the parameters of an adsorption isotherm are the same regardless of the sediment transport pattern. In the turbulence simulation tank, the turbulence is generated by harmonic grid-stirred motions, and the turbulence intensity is quantified in terms of eddy diffusivity, which is equal to 9.84F(F is the harmonic vibration frequency) and is comparable to natural surface water conditions.When the turbulence intensity of flow is low and sediment particles stay as bottom sediment, the adsorption rate is significantly low, and the adsorption quantity compared with that of suspended sediment is negligible in the 6 h duration of the experiment. This result greatly favors the simplification of the numerical modeling of heavy metal pollutant transformation in natural rivers. When the turbulence intensity is high but bottom sediment persists, the rate and extent of descent of the dissolved cadmium concentration in the tank noticeably increase, and the time that is required to reach adsorption equilibrium also increases considerably due to the continuous exchange that occurs between the suspended sediment and the bottom sediment.A comparison of the results of the experiments in the batch reactor and those in the turbulence simulation tank reveals that the adsorption ability of the sediment, and in particular the adsorption rate, is greatly over-estimated in the batch reactor.     

Adsorption of phenolic compounds from aqueous solutions by aminated hypercrosslinked polymers

Two novel polymers （NJ-1 and N J-2） were synthesized by chemically modified a hypercrosslinked polymer NJ-0 with dimethylamine and trimethylamine, respectively. The comparison of the adsorption properties of the three polymers toward phenol, resorcin and phloroglucin was made. The study focused on the static equilibrium adsorption behaviors and the adsorption thermodynamics. Freundlich equation was found to fit the adsorption results well. The effect of amino groups introduced onto the surface of the resin and the structure of phenolic compounds on the adsorption were also studied. The hydrogen-bonding interaction and electrostatic interaction could happen between the amino groups and the adsorbates. The adsorption impetus increased as quantity of hydroxyl groups increased, but the adsorption capacity decreased due to the drop of the matching degree of the aperture of resins and the diameter of adsorbate molecules.     

厌氧氨氧化过程中COD及pH与基质浓度之间的关系

分析了上向流厌氧氨氧化生物滤池中氮素化合物浓度、COD和pH变化规律以及ANAMMOX活性和生物量的分布规律,利用数理统计的方法研究了厌氧氨氧化过程中COD和pH与氮素基质浓度之间的关系.结果表明,溶解氧和氮负荷的共同作用使得ANAMMOX活性和生物量的分布沿滤层深度呈"山脊"状不均匀分布;异养反硝化的存在和H+的消耗使得厌氧氨氧化过程中COD和pH分别呈降低和升高趋势;100 mg/L以下的有机物浓度对厌氧氨氧化菌的影响不大,且COD和pH与基质NH4+-N浓度之间呈良好的线性相关关系.本试验中COD-NH4+-N和pH-NH4+-N拟合直线的斜率分别为1.113 8±0.052 2和-0.111 3±0.001 2,置信度为95%,平均相关系数R2分别为0.982 3和0.985 0.     

Influence of lactic acid on the two-phase anaerobic digestion of kitchen wastes

To evaluate the influence of lactic acid on the methanogenesis, anaerobic digestion of kitchen wastes was firstly conducted in a two-phase anaerobic digestion process, and performance of two digesters fed with lactic acid and glucose was subsequently compared. The results showed that the lactic acid was the main fermentation products of hydrolysis-acidification stage in the two-phase anaerobic digestion process for kitchen wastes. The lactic acid concentration constituted approximately 50% of the chemical oxygen demand （COD） concentration in the hydrolysis-acidification liquid. The maximum organic loading rate was lower in the digester fed with lactic acid than that fed with glucose. Volatile fatty acids （VFAs） and COD removal were deteriorated in the methanogenic reactor fed with lactic acid compared to that fed with glucose. The specific methanogenic activity （SMA） declined to 0.343 g COD/（gVSS-d） when the COD loading were designated as 18.8 g/（L-d） in the digester fed with lactic acid. The propionic acid accumulation occurred due to the high concentration of lactic acid fed. It could be concluded that avoiding the presence of the lactic acid is necessary in the hydrolysis-acidification process for the improvement of the two-phase anaerobic digestion process of kitchen wastes.     

Composition analysis of colored dissolved organic matter in Taihu Lake based on three dimension excitation-emission fluorescence matrix and PARAFAC model, and the potential application in water quality monitoring

Taihu Lake is one of the five biggest lakes in China. Surface water samples from 26 sampling sites of Taihu Lake were collected. Furthermore wet chemical analysis （CODCr and BOD5） and measurement of three dimensional excitation-emission matrix （3DEEM） spectra in the laboratory have been conducted. Using parallel factor analysis （PARAFAC） model, three components of colored dissolved organic matter （CDOM） have been identified successfully, based on the analysis of 3DEEM data. The characteristics of the three components also have been described by comparing them to some components of CDOM, identified in earlier researches. Meanwhile, spatial variations of concentration for the three components in Taihu Lake have been analyzed, and the result indicates that the concentration of component 1 depends more on the situation of wastewater pollution and can be used as the indicator of wastewater pollution. The relationship between the concentrations of the three components and results of the wet chemical analysis show that none of the three components can be used as indicators of gross organic matter in water. However, the concentrations of all the three components have obvious linear relationships with the BOD5 value, especially for component 1 （r = 0.72878）. Finally, the potential applications of the composition analysis based on 3DEEM and PARAFAC model in water quality monitoring have been illuminated.     

Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fishes from Taihu Lake, China

The Cr,Zn,Cu,Cd,Pb contents were determined in Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus,Carassius auratus Linnaeus,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Aristichthys nobilis,which were caught from Meiliang Bay,Taihu Lake,a large,shallow and eutrophic lake of China.The results showed that:(1)the Cr,Cu,Pb,Cd contents in the edible parts of the four fish species were much lower than Chinese Food Health Criterion(1994),but the Zn contents were higher than the Criterion;(2)Cd contents were the highest in the liver of fish,Pb contents were almost the same in all organs of fish,Cr contents mainly enriched in the skin and gonads,Zn contents were the highest in the gonad(♀),and Cu contents were the highest in the liver;(3)the total metal accumulation was the greatest in the liver and the lowest in the muscle.The total metal accumulation was the highest in C.auratus L.This investigation indicated that fish products in Taihu Lake were still safe for human consumption,but the amount consumed should be controlled under the Chinese Food Health Criterion to avoid excessive intake of Zn.     

Emissions of SO2, NO and N2O in a circulating fluidized bed combustor during co-firing coal and biomass

This paper presents the experimental investigations of the emissions of SO2, NO and N2O in a bench scale circulating fluidized bed combustor for coal combustion and co-firing coal and biomass. The thermal capacity of the combustor is 30 kW. The setup is electrically heated during startup. The influence of the excess air, the degree of the air staging, the biomass share and the feeding position of the fuels on the emissions of SO2, NO and N2O were studied. The results showed that an increase in the biomass shares resulted in an increase of the CO concentration in the flue gas, probably due to the high volatile content of the biomass. In co-firing, the emission of SO2 increased with increasing biomass share slightly, however, non-linear increase relationship between SO2 emission and fuel sulfur content was observed. Air staging significantly decreased the NO emission without raising the SO2 level. Although the change of the fuel feeding position from riser to downer resulted in a decrease in the NO emission level, no obvious change was observed for the SO2 level. Taking the coal feeding position R as a reference, the relative NO emission could significantly decrease during co-firing coal and biomass when feeding fuel at position D and keeping the first stage stoichiometry greater than 0.95. The possible mechanisms of the sulfur and nitrogen chemistry at these conditions were discussed and the ways of simultaneous reduction of SO2, NO and N2O were proposed.     

Adsorption thermodynamics and kinetic investigation of aromatic amphoteric compounds onto different polymeric adsorbents

The adsorption behavior of p-aminobenzoic acid and o-aminobenzoic acid onto the different polymeric adsorbents was systematically investigated as a function of the solution concentration and temperature.Experimental results indicated that the equilibrium adsorption data of the four polymeric adsorbents fitted well in the Freundlich isotherm.The adsorption capacity of multi-functional polymeric adsorbent NJ-99 was the highest,which might be attributed to the strong hydrogen-bonding interaction between the amino groups on the resin and the carboxyl group of aminobenzoic acid.The adsorption capacity of o-aminobenzoic acid onto any adsorbent was higher than p-aminobenzoic acid.Thermodynamic studies suggested the exothermic,spontaneous physical adsorption process.Adsorption kinetics results showed that the adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics model and the intraparticle mass transfer process was the rate-controlling step.     

Sorption and cosorption of the nonionic herbicide mefenacet and heavy metals on soil and its components

Sorption and cosorption of the nonionic herbicide mefenacet and two typical metals (copper and silver) on black soil and its components (kaolinite and humic acid) were investigated. It was found that because of their different valences and properties, Cu²⁺and Ag⁺ presented different effects on the sorption of mefenacet. Due to the competition of Cu²⁺, along with the shells of dense water formed by its surface complexation, for sorption surface area with mefenacet, the addition of Cu²⁺ decreased the sorption amount of mefenacet on soil and its components, especially on humic acid. However, the addition of Ag⁺ significantly enhanced the sorption of mefenacet, which was attributed to the softness of the cation that weakened the hydrophilicity of the local region around Ag⁺-complexed functionalities, and thus mitigated the competitive sorption of water. In addition, the sorption of mefenacet on soil with or without the two metals was generally decreased with increasing pH, which was caused by the hydrolysis of carbonyl and carboxyl groups on the surface of the sorbents, π-π interaction between mefenacet and the soil organic matter, and so on. On the other hand, the presence of mefenacet seemed to have little effect on the sorption of Cu²⁺ and Ag⁺, indicating that Cu²⁺ and Ag⁺ might be sorbed strongly on the tested sorbents and the mefenacet added was too low in concentration to affect the sorption of the metals.     

基于电子鼻土壤与地下水污染修复现场TVOC和恶臭的评估

根据上海某土壤与地下水污染修复现场情况,应用自主研发的电子鼻系统(iSA-M1)分别对未修复及修复过程中的土壤和地下水、修复场地上空及周边空气中的VOCs和恶臭类气体进行检测.结合前期研究所得TPI和OPI公式,求得各点的值,并将其用图表示.结果表明:①修复后TVOC和恶臭的浓度总体呈下降趋势;②在土壤和地下水修复过程中,VOCs和恶臭的挥发受气象要素和作业的影响,其浓度在总体下降的过程中伴随着阶段性上升现象;③结合GIS技术,电子鼻能初步用于评估土壤和地下水修复现场造成的空间污染情况及对周围居民产生的影响.但造成影响程度的具体细化分级还需要进一步研究.