智能控制在污水生物处理系统中的应用

对智能控制的适用范围及污水生物处理工艺的特征进行了简单分析。对智能控制的3大主要分支模糊逻辑控制、神经网络控制及专家控制系统在污水生物处理中应用的最新动态进行了评论和分析。结果表明,在污水生物处理中引入智能控制是一种提高处理效率、降低运行成本的有效方法,国内在污水生物处理智能控制的应用研究与国外有较大的差距,国内的研究及应用还处在发展阶段,应当加强。最后对污水生物处理智能控制的发展方向作了简要分析。     

智能控制在污水生物处理系统中的应用

对智能控制的适用范围及污水生物处理工艺的特征进行了简单分析。对智能控制的3大主要分支模糊逻辑控制、神经网络控制及专家控制系统在污水生物处理中应用的最新动态进行了评论和分析。结果表明，在污水生物处理中引入智能控制是一种提高处理效率、降低运行成本的有效方法，国内在污水生物处理智能控制的应用研究与国外有较大的差距，国内的研究及应用还处在发展阶段，应当加强。最后对污水生物处理智能控制的发展方向作了简要分析。     

专家系统在废水生物处理操作和控制中的应用

本文介绍了国外近二十年来专家系统在废水生物处理工艺控制领域的应用及开发的典型系统,分析了废水生物处理工艺难于控制的原因、各类系统的结构和特点及目前废水处理专家系统的不足,探讨了废水生物处理专家系统今后应深入研究的问题及方向     

活性污泥法对生物难降解物质的去除能力

随着合成工业的发展,城市污水和某些工业废水中生物难降解物质的含量逐渐增加,从而导致废水(污水)的生物处理能力明显降低。面对这个实际问题,近年国内外许多研究者对废水可生化性进行了大量研究,其目的在于寻求提高废水(污水)生物处理能力的途径。 基于同样目的,本文试图从另一个角     

采用高效离心器及络合萃取剂回收处理呋喃酚废水

处理含酚废水，普遍采用有机溶剂萃取法、吸附法、生物氧化法，这些方法均存在一定的缺陷。作者以江苏省神农集团合成分厂为例，从回收处理呋喃酚废水的治理人手，详细论述了采用离心器及络合萃取剂回收处理污水的工作原理、工艺流程及投资收益。试验结果：该回收处理呋喃酚污水方法运行效果好，确保处理后的废水含酚量在0．5mg／L以下，酚回收率大于95％，具有可观的经济效益、社会效益和环境效益。     

国家环境保护水污染控制工程技术(浙江)中心 浙江省环境污染控制技术研究重点实验室 浙江省环保公共科技创新服务平台 浙江省环境保护科学设计研究院工程研究中心

<正>技术系列:1、生物强化脱氨氮技术:融合了微生物强化与生物载体固定化技术,提高了生物脱氨氮效率。2、磁场强化污水处理技术:将磁性絮凝剂与磁分离技术有机结合,处理效率高,占地面积小,适用于工业废水预处理及污水脱氮除磷。3、污水处理厂提标改造技术:适用于以工业废水为主的集中式污水处理厂的提标改造。4、废水深度处理与回用技术:适用于印染、造纸、城镇污水处理厂尾水的深度处理及回用。     

生物法在造纸废水处理中的应用

造纸废水对水生生物的生存、生理生化过程、结构都要造成一定的影响；好氧活性污泥法、厌氧消化法、稳定塘、土地处理系统对造纸废水具有较高，的处理效率；将造纸废水和城市生活污水混合处理及开发厌氧一好氧工艺是今后的发展方向。     

国家环境保护水污染控制工程技术(浙江)中心 浙江省环境污染控制技术研究重点实验室 浙江省环保公共科技创新服务平台 浙江省环境保护科学设计研究院工程研究中心

正技术系列:1、生物强化脱氨氮技术:融合了微生物强化与生物载体固定化技术,提高了生物脱氨氮效率。2、磁场强化污水处理技术:将磁性絮凝剂与磁分离技术有机结合,处理效率高,占地面积小,适用于工业废水预处理及污水脱氮除磷。3、污水处理厂提标改造技术:适用于以工业废水为主的集中式污水处理厂的提标改造。4、废水深度处理与回用技术:适用于印染、造纸、城镇污水处理厂尾水的深度处理及回用。5、锅炉烟气脱硝技术:适用于水泥炉窑、垃圾焚烧炉、玻璃炉窑以及燃煤锅炉排放的NO_x气体减排。     

国家环境保护水污染控制工程技术(浙江)中心 浙江省环境污染控制技术研究重点实验室 浙江省环保公共科技创新服务平台 浙江省环境保护科学设计研究院工程研究中心

正技术系列:1、生物强化脱氨氮技术:融合了微生物强化与生物载体固定化技术,提高了生物脱氨氮效率。2、磁场强化污水处理技术:将磁性絮凝剂与磁分离技术有机结合,处理效率高,占地面积小,适用于工业废水预处理及污水脱氮除磷。3、污水处理厂提标改造技术:适用于以工业废水为主的集中式污水处理厂的提标改造。4、废水深度处理与回用技术:适用于印染、造纸、城镇污水处理厂尾水的深度处理及回用。5、锅炉烟气脱硝技术:适用于水泥炉窑、垃圾焚烧炉、玻璃炉窑以及燃煤锅炉排放的NO_x气体减排。6、流域污染水体原位生态修复技术:适用于湖泊、港湾水体修复以及景观河道污染控制与治理。7、人工湿地生态处理技术:适用于污水处理厂尾水深度处理、农村及小城镇污水处理。     

国家环境保护水污染控制工程技术(浙江)中心 浙江省环境污染控制技术研究重点实验室 浙江省环保公共科技创新服务平台 浙江省环境保护科学设计研究院工程研究中心

正技术系列:1、生物强化脱氨氮技术:融合了微生物强化与生物载体固定化技术,提高了生物脱氨氮效率。2、磁场强化污水处理技术:将磁性絮凝剂与磁分离技术有机结合,处理效率高,占地面积小,适用于工业废水预处理及污水脱氮除磷。3、污水处理厂提标改造技术:适用于以工业废水为主的集中式污水处理厂的提标改造。4、废水深度处理与回用技术:适用于印染、造纸、城镇污水处理厂尾水的深度处理及回用。5、锅炉烟气脱硝技术:适用于水泥炉窑、垃圾焚烧炉、玻璃炉窑以及燃煤锅炉排放的NO_x气体减排。     

Prediction of membrane fouling using artificial neural networks for wastewater treated by membrane bioreactor technologies: bottlenecks and possibilities

Membrane fouling is a major concern for the optimization of membrane bioreactor (MBR) technologies. Numerous studies have been led in the field of membrane fouling control in order to assess with precision the fouling mechanisms which affect membrane resistance to filtration, such as the wastewater characteristics, the mixed liquor constituents, or the operational conditions, for example. Worldwide applications of MBRs in wastewater treatment plants treating all kinds of influents require new methods to predict membrane fouling and thus optimize operating MBRs. That is why new models capable of simulating membrane fouling phenomenon were progressively developed, using mainly a mathematical or numerical approach. Faced with the limits of such models, artificial neural networks (ANNs) were progressively considered to predict membrane fouling in MBRs and showed great potential. This review summarizes fouling control methods used in MBRs and models built in order to predict membrane fouling. A critical study of the application of ANNs in the prediction of membrane fouling in MBRs was carried out with the aim of presenting the bottlenecks associated with this method and the possibilities for further investigation on the subject.     

Occurrence and treatment trials of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in wastewaters

This study demonstrates that both synthetic and natural endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) (e.g., bisphenol A, estrone and 17beta-estradiol) were found in the crude wastewaters from two wastewater treatment works (WwTWs). Conventional biological processes can lower EDCs concentrations to several tens to hundreds ngl(-1). Since natural EDCs (e.g., estrone and 17beta-estradiol) have biological activity and adverse impact on the environment at extremely low concentrations (several tens of ngl(-1)), further treatment after conventional biological processes is required. Preliminary trials with ferrate(VI) and electrochemical oxidation process demonstrated that both processes can effectively reduce EDCs to very low levels, ranging between 10 and 100ngl(-1), but the former is more effective than the latter to reduce COD concentration in wastewater for given studying conditions.     

Combination of ozonation with conventional aerobic oxidation for distillery wastewater treatment

Laboratory-scale experiments were conducted in order to investigate the effect of ozone as pre-aerobic treatment and post-aerobic treatment for the treatment of the distillery wastewater. The degradation of the pollutants present in distillery spent wash was carried out by ozonation, aerobic biological degradation processes alone and by using the combinations of these two processes to investigate the synergism between the two modes of wastewater treatment and with the aim of reducing the overall treatment costs. Pollutant removal efficiency was followed by means of global parameters directly related to the concentration of organic compounds in those effluents: chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the color removal efficiency in terms of absorbance of the sample at 254 nm. Ozone was found to be effective in bringing down the COD (up to 27%) during the pretreatment step itself. In the combined process, pretreatment of the effluent led to enhanced rates of subsequent biological oxidation step, almost 2.5 times increase in the initial oxidation rate has been observed. Post-aerobic treatment with ozone led to further removal of COD along with the complete discoloration of the effluent. The integrated process (ozone-aerobic oxidation-ozone) achieved approximately 79% COD reduction along with discoloration of the effluent sample as compared to 34.9% COD reduction for non-ozonated sample, over a similar treatment period.     

Optimization of the intermittent aeration in a full-scale wastewater treatment plant biological reactor for nitrogen removal.

The optimization of the intermittent aeration in a full-scale biological reactor treating municipal and industrial wastewater has been studied by means of an experimental design, where the main factors considered have been the on-off period of aeration and the dissolved-oxygen set point. The objective of the work has been to determine the optimal configuration of the aeration control to achieve a simultaneous removal of carbon (expressed as chemical oxygen demand [COD]) and nitrogen. The results were obtained in a full-scale bioreactor located at the wastewater treatment plant of Sant Celoni (Barcelona, Spain), where a nitrogen removal based on a nitrification-denitrification process is being tested. It has been shown that the crucial parameter to ensure a complete removal of COD and nitrogen is to give the system a long time of on-off aeration to complete both the nitrification and the denitrification processes, whereas the dissolved-oxygen set point has a minor influence on the overall performance. The results presented can be applied to a great number of similar systems, in which a nitrogen removal, based on a nitrification-denitrification scheme, is currently being tested or implemented.     

城市污水厂污水污泥的热值测定分析方法研究

建立热力学指标是污水生物处理过程热力学分析的基础工作，目前仍缺乏污水污泥化学能测试的标准方法。采用IKA C5000型自动热量计对某城市二级污水处理厂进水、出水、初沉污泥、剩余污泥、混合污泥和脱水污泥进行了热值测定，样品前处理采用103～105℃烘干获得干燥基，用苯甲酸进行加标回收。参照煤的发热量测定方法得到样品的高位热值。试验结果显示：出水干燥基的热值为05 kJ/g，进水干燥基的热值为4 kJ/g以上，各工艺段的污泥干燥基热值较高，基本都在12 kJ/g以上，接近右江褐煤水平。测定结果的标准偏差≤±0.452%，相对标准偏差≤±0.136%。通过同一批样品的元素分析及Dulong公式理论推算，发现2种方法可得到相似的结果。     

活性污泥法污水处理过程自动控制的研究现状

活性污泥法污水处理是利用自然界中微生物的生命活动来清除污水中有机污染物的一种有效方法 ,是当前世界上处理工业有机污水和城市生活污水的主要途径。本文综述了污水处理过程中自动控制所面临的困难、研究现状以及发展方向 ,分析了目前国内外污水处理过程自动化水平落后而仍采用人工控制的原因 ,阐述了污水处理过程的传统控制策略和智能控制策略 ,并指出智能控制作为污水生化处理过程控制的未来发展方向 ,可以大大提高系统的可靠性和稳定性、降低运行成本     

物化技术处理高浓度染料废水的研究进展

由于染料废水具有成分复杂、浓度高、难降解等特点，对其有效处理一直是个难题。因此，综述了国内外的物理法、化学法，特别是高级氧化技术在处理染料废水中的进展情况，并指出物化技术和生物技术相结合的发展趋势。     

Chemical composition associated with different particle size fractions in municipal, industrial, and agricultural wastewaters

A more detailed characterization of particulate organic matter in wastewater streams is needed to improve solid-liquid separation and biological processes for wastewater treatment. The objective of this paper was to evaluate particle size distributions and the associated chemical composition for municipal, industrial, and agricultural waste streams. Most of the organic matter in these wastewaters was larger than a molecular weight of 10(3) amu and therefore would require extracellular hydrolysis before any bacterial metabolism. Particle size distributions were significantly different for the studied waste streams. In municipal wastewater, the organic matter was evenly distributed in all eight size fractions ranging from 10(3) amu up to 63 microm. The industrial and agricultural wastewaters, however, contained mainly soluble organic matter (<10(3) amu) and larger particles (>1.2 microm for the industrial and >10 microm for the agricultural waste) leaving a gap in the size range of large macromolecules and colloids. The relative protein and carbohydrate concentrations varied for the different size fractions compared to the measured chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the corresponding size fraction. Thus, the design of the solid-liquid separation at a treatment plant could be used to purposefully modify the overall chemical composition of the organic matter before further biological treatment. Particle size distributions will influence design and operation of biological nutrient removal processes such as denitrification or biological phosphorus removal that may be carbon limited if a large fraction of the organic matter is composed of large particles with slow hydrolysis rates. Measured particle size distributions for the different waste streams in this study (municipal, industrial, agricultural) were significantly different requiring specific approaches for treatment plant design.