氧化锰八面体分子筛(OMS-2)负载Pd催化剂的制备及其CO催化氧化性能

通过前掺杂法(PI)和浸渍法(IM)制备了氧化锰八面体分子筛(Octahedral Molecular Sieves,OMS-2)负载Pd(Pd/OMS-2)催化剂.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、H2-程序升温还原(H2-TPR)和N2-吸附/脱附等技术对样品进行了表征,研究了不同制备方法和不同Pd负载量对Pd/OMS-2催化剂催化氧化CO性能的影响,通过与载体OMS-2的比较研究了Pd/OMS-2催化剂的稳定性.结果表明,前掺杂法制备的Pd/OMS-2-PI催化剂活性明显优于浸渍法制备的Pd/OMS-2-IM催化剂,其T100分别为75℃和175℃.这与Pd/OMS-2-PI催化剂中OMS-2载体与Pd之间存在强相互作用有关.Pd负载量明显影响Pd/OMS-2-PI催化剂的催化活性,3Pd/OMS-2-PI催化剂(Pd=3.0wt%)催化活性最高,这是由于Pd掺杂进入OMS-2晶格结构,能活化晶格氧,而随Pd含量进一步增加,部分Pd分布在OMS-2表面.稳定性结果表明,Pd/OMS-2-PI稳定性明显优于OMS-2载体本身,这可能与Pd掺杂进入催化剂晶格,能较好稳定OMS-2结构密切相关.     

Pd掺杂对Fe,Co系钙钛矿型三效催化剂性能的影响

用共沉淀法制备了LaFeO3，LaFe0.96Pd0.04O3，LaCoO3，LaCo0.96Pd0.04O3四种催化剂，用X－射线衍射仪（XRD）对催化剂进行了结构分析。程序升温还原（TPR）实验揭示催化剂中存在两种类型的氧种：α氧和β氧。活性评价和TPR实验表明，α氧是CO和C3H6氧化反应的活性氧种，而C3H8的氧化则由α氧和β氧共同来完成。Pd的掺杂可使ABO3中β氧的活性增强，从而使三效活性得以明显提高。     

ZrO2掺杂的V2O5/TiO2催化剂表征及催化还原NOx

采用共沉淀法制备出不同锆掺杂量的钛锆复合载体(TiO2-ZrO2),运用XRD和BET研究其微观结构,结果显示钛锆物质的量之比1∶1时复合载体具有最大的比表面积,可达256.01 m.2g-1.以此为载体制备了V2O5/TiO2-ZrO2催化剂,并添加少量CeO2对其改性.采用XRD、BET、H2-TPR、原位FT-IR等手段研究其活性组分的表面分散状态、氧化还原特性和表面酸性.结果显示,V2O5高度分散在载体上;与纯V2O5相比,复合载体上V2O5的还原峰向低温方向发生了偏移;催化剂表面包含了大量的B酸和L酸.模拟氨气催化还原NO(NH3-SCR)的脱硝反应活性测试表明,V2O5/TiO2-ZrO2催化剂具有较好的热稳定性和较宽的活性窗口,少量CeO2的加入提高了催化剂的低温活性.     

锰基累托石低温NH3-SCR催化剂的制备方法

本文以天然累托石(REC)为载体,采用等体积浸渍法、共沉淀法和原位生长法负载MnOx制备Mn/REC催化剂用于烟气的低温SCR脱硝.采用XRD、SEM、TEM、BET、NH3-TPD和XPS等手段对催化剂的理化结构特性进行表征.考察制备方法及主要制备参数对催化剂理化性能及脱硝活性的影响,探讨影响催化剂低温SCR脱硝活性...     

还原温度对Pd-CeO2/Al2O3催化剂加氢脱硫性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备CeO2改性的Pd/Al2O3加氢脱硫催化剂,考察了还原温度和还原-氧化预处理对Pd/Al2O3和Pd-CeO2/Al2O3催化剂加氢脱硫性能的影响.结果表明,Pd/Al2O3的活性受还原温度的影响很小.Pd-CeO2/Al2O3还原温度的升高使CeO2发生迁移,导致催化剂表面Pd原子数减少,同时削弱了Pd-Ce界面效应,从而使催化剂的活性降低.还原-氧化预处理使Pd-CeO2/Al2O3的活性有较大提高,预处理能促使Pd的再分散,增加了对H2的吸附活化能力,在Pd-Ce的界面效应共同作用下使催化剂拥有较高的活性.     

全Pd三效催化剂研究涂层材料的研究

制备了作为Pd三效催化剂涂层材料组成的活性Al2O3/金属氧化物添加剂试样，用BET法、XRD法及H2－TPR法对这些涂层原材料体系进行表征。结果表明：金属氧化物添加剂提高了活性Al2O3的热稳定性；添加ZrO2改善了CeO2的热稳定性；与含Ca的试样不同，含La试样没有贮氧能力。用含有Al2O3-CeO2/ZrO2和Al2O3-La2O3/BaO的涂层材料制备的Pd催化剂有好的CO，HC和NOx同时净化的三效性能和低的起燃活性。加入0．003％（V／V）SO2降低了催化剂活性，含La2O3/BaO涂层材料的Pd催化剂上NOx反应易被SO2中毒。     

改性碳纳米管负载Pd基催化剂对二氯乙酸的催化加氢脱氯

以壳聚糖(chitosan,CS)为单体,采用表面沉积交联法对多壁碳纳米管(CNT)改性得到壳聚糖修饰的碳纳米管(CS-CNT).分别以CS-CNT和CNT为载体,用硼氢化钠还原法制备Pd/CNT和Pd/CS-CNT负载型催化剂.采用元素分析仪、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP)、透射电镜(TEM)、比表面积与孔径分布测定仪(BET)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等对材料进行表征,并对二氯乙酸的液相催化加氢脱氯反应进行了研究.结果表明,与Pd/CNT相比,Pd/CS-CNT对二氯乙酸有更高的催化活性.此外,该催化加氢脱氯反应受溶液pH及催化剂表面Pd颗粒的影响.二氯乙酸的催化加氢脱氯反应符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood模型,表明该反应过程由二氯乙酸在催化剂表面的吸附所控制.     

NiO/SrBi2O4可见光催化杀菌的研究

采用共沉淀法制备SrBi2O4,利用浸渍法将NiO负载到SrBi2O4表面上,制得可见光催化杀菌剂.紫外可见漫反射光谱的测定显示催化剂在400-650nm波长有吸收.表明NiO/SrBi2O4在可见光(λ＞420 nm)照射下对革蓝氏阴性菌大肠杆菌(E.coli)有很高的杀菌活性.通过TEM观察和ICP测定反应过程中钾离子的浓度变化,证实细菌细胞壁和细胞膜均遭到破坏.     

Pd-Fe/C催化氯酚还原脱氯-氧化联合降解

以Pd和Fe为活性金属组分通过沉积沉淀法制备了负载型Pd-Fe/C双金属催化剂,针对氯酚类污染物进行催化还原脱氯和催化氧化的连续降解处理.通过ICP-MS、XRD和TEM对催化剂进行表征,证实0.5%Pd-0.5%Fe/C催化剂中活性金属组分Pd和Fe在载体表面分散性最好,催化剂比表面积达到718.8 m~2·g~(-1).在温和条件下,以水作为反应介质,研究了负载型Pd-Fe/C催化剂对4-氯苯酚(4-CP)和2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-DCP)的连续降解过程和反应条件,以及催化剂的重复使用情况.考察了Pd和Fe的负载量及p H值对催化剂活性的影响,得到了最佳反应条件,以0.5%Pd-0.5%Fe/C为催化剂,20 min内完成4-CP和2,4-DCP的催化还原脱氯,产物都为苯酚;之后加酸调节pH=5,并加入H2O2继续进行催化氧化,苯酚被彻底降解为H_2O和CO_2,而且转化率在60 min内可以达到97.5%以上,从而实现4-CP和2,4-DCP的彻底降解.     

Pd/TiO_2催化剂对三氯生的催化加氢脱氯研究

采用沉淀-沉积法制备不同载体的Pd负载型催化剂,采用透射电镜(TEM)、X-射线衍射(XRD)和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)对材料进行表征;并以所得材料为催化剂对三氯生(TCS)的催化加氢脱氯反应进行了研究.结果表明,Pd/TiO_2型催化剂在TCS加氢脱氯反应中具有较好的效果,反应活性随着Pd负载量的提高而增强.当反应物初始浓度为0.016 mmol·L~(-1),pH值为10,催化剂0.36%Pd/TiO_2用量为20mg时,TCS在70 min可以完成脱氯过程.碱性条件下,p H的升高不利于反应的进行.当催化剂用量在15—25 mg时,催化剂质量标化的反应初活性没有明显变化,表明催化反应过程不受传质阻力的影响.当反应物初始浓度在0.009—0.02 mmol·L~(-1)时,反应初活性随浓度的提高显著增加,但进一步增加反应物的浓度时初活性没有明显提高,因此,TCS在Pd/TiO_2催化剂上的脱氯行为符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood模型,表明TCS的加氢脱氯受表面吸附所控制.催化反应的过程中生成多种脱氯中间产物,反应的最终产物为2-羟基二苯醚.     

Synthesis, physicochemical characterizations and catalytic performance of Pd/carbon-zeolite and Pd/carbon-CeO2 nanocatalysts used for total oxidation of xylene at low temperatures

In this work, xylene removal from waste gas streams was investigated via catalytic oxidation over Pd/carbon-zeolite and Pd/carbon-CeO₂ nanocatalysts. Activated carbon was obtained from pine cone chemically activated using ZnCl₂ and modified by H₃PO₄. Natural zeolite of clinoptilolite was modified by acid treatment with HCl, while nano-ceria was synthesized via redox method. Mixed supports of carbon-zeolite and carbonceria were prepared and palladium was dispersed over them via impregnation method. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area (BET), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric (TG) techniques. Characterization of nanocatalysts revealed a good morphology with an average particle size in a nano range, and confirmed the formation of nano-ceria with an average crystallite size below 60 nm. BET analysis indicated a considerable surface area for catalysts (～1000 m²·g^?1). FTIR patterns demonstrated that the surface groups of synthesized catalysts are in good agreement with the patterns of materials applied in catalyst synthesis. The performance of catalysts was assessed in a low-pressure catalytic oxidation pilot in the temperature range of 100° C-250°C. According to the reaction data, the synthesized catalysts have been shown to be so advantageous in the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), representing high catalytic performance of 98% for the abatement of xylene at 250°C. Furthermore, a reaction network is proposed for catalytic oxidation of xylene over nanocatalysts.     

Novel synthetic approaches and TWC catalytic performance of flower-like Pt/CeO2

A novel Ultrasonic Assisted Membrane Reduction （UAMR）-hydrothermal method was used to prepare flower-like Pt/CeO2 catalysts. The texture, physical/chemical properties, and reducibility of the flower-like Pt/CeO2 catalysts were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction （XRD）, Scanning Electron Microscope （SEM）, Transmission Electron Microscope （TEM）, N2 adsorption, and hydrogen temperature programmed reduction （HE-TPR） techniques. The catalytic performance of the catalysts for treating automobile emission was studied relative to samples prepared by the conventional wetness impregnation method. The Pt/CeO2 catalysts fabricated by this novel method showed high specific surface area and metal dispersion, excellent three-way catalytic activity, and good thermal stability. The strong interaction between the Pt nanoparticles and CeO2 improved the thermal stability. The Ce4＋ ions were incorporated into the surfactant chains and the Pt nanoparticles were stabilized through an exchange reaction of the surface hydroxyl groups. The SEM results demonstrated that the Pt/CeO2 catalysts had a typical three-dimensional （3D） hierarchical porous struc- ture, which was favorable for surface reaction and enhanced the exposure degree of the Pt nanoparticles. In brief, the flower-like Pt/CeO2 catalysts prepared by UAMR-hydrothermal method exhibited a higher Pt metal dispersion, smaller particle size, better three-way catalytic activity, and improved thermal stability versus conven- tional materials.     

Mechanistic insights into the selective photocatalytic degradation of dyes over TiO2/ZSM-11

● TiO₂/ZSM-11 was prepared by a facile solid state dispersion method. ● Mechanism for photocatalytic degradation of dyes was investigated. ● Both experimental and MD simulations were conducted. ● Chemisorption instead of electrostatic interaction played a critical role. Photocatalytic degradation is a promising way to eliminate dye contaminants. In this work, a series of TiO₂/ZSM-11 (TZ) nanocomposites were prepared using a facile solid state dispersion method. Methyl orange (MO), methylene blue (MB), and rhodamine B (RhB) were intentionally chosen as target substrates in the photocatalytic degradation reactions. Compared to pristine TiO₂, negative effect was observed on MO degradation while promoted kinetics were collected on MB and RhB over TZ composites. Moreover, a much higher photocatalytic rate was interestingly achieved on RhB than MB, which indicated that a new factor has to be included other than the widely accepted electrostatic interaction mechanism to fully understand the selective photodegradation reactions. Systematic characterizations showed that TiO₂ and ZSM-11 physically mixed and maintained both the whole framework and local structure without chemical interaction. The different trends observed in surface area and the photo-absorption ability of TZ composites with reaction performance further excluded both as the promotion mechanism. Instead, adsorption energies predicted by molecular dynamics simulations suggested that differences in the adsorption strength played a critical role. This work provided a deep mechanistic understanding of the selective photocatalytic degradation of dyes reactions, which helps to rationally design highly efficient photocatalysts.     

SO_2与CeO_2超细颗粒非均相反应产物的细胞毒性效应

大气二次细颗粒物(secondary fine particulate matters,SFPMs)是我国城市大气PM_(2.5)的主要组成部分。然而由于PM_(2.5)组成成份复杂,其毒性产生的来源并不明确。在本研究中,我们以二氧化铈(CeO_2)超细颗粒物(UFPs)为大气细矿物质颗粒模型,研究了SO_2气体在模拟大气环境中,如湿度(RH)、紫外光照(UV)和NO_2存在条件下,在CeO_2UFPs界面经多相反应生成的二次无机细颗粒物的性质及与细胞毒性的构效关系。实验通过实时高通量细胞分析系统,实时观察了CeO_2-SFPMs暴露对小鼠单核巨噬细胞(RAW264.7)增殖的影响;并进一步检测了CeO_2-SFPMs对细胞膜通透性和细胞凋亡的影响。结果表明,SO_2与CeO_2UFPs作用后可转化为硫酸盐,在有NO_2存在下转化更为明显。CeO_2-SFPMs对细胞毒性效应与其生成的环境条件相关,并具有时间效应性。RAW264.7细胞暴露于CeO_2-SFPMs 8 h,细胞增殖无明显变化;暴露8~25 h后,CeO_2-SFPMs对细胞增殖的抑制率随CeO_2@CeO_2+SO_2@CeO_2+SO_2+RH≈@CeO_2+SO_2+RH+UV@CeO_2+SO_2+RH+NO_2的顺序显著升高。CeO_2-SFPMs对Raw264.7细胞膜通透性和细胞凋亡的影响研究也证明CeO_2-SFPMs@CeO_2+SO_2+RH+NO_2产生的细胞毒性最明显。     

Al_2O_3负载Pd-Cu催化剂催化1,2-二氯乙烷加氢脱氯性能

采用共浸渍法制备了一系列Al2O3负载金属Pd、Cu催化剂.通过元素分析（ICP）、氮气吸脱附（BET）、X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）等技术对催化剂进行了表征,并以1,2-二氯乙烷气相加氢脱氯为探针反应,考察了Pd-Cu/Al2O3催化剂的钯铜比、反应温度、反应时间等因素对催化活性以及反应产物乙烯选择性的影响.结果发现,提高Cu负载量可在催化剂中形成Pd-Cu合金,并促进催化剂对乙烯的选择性.此外,当温度为250℃,Pd、Cu负载量分别为0.78%和1.9%时的Pd-Cu/Al2O3催化剂对1,2-二氯乙烷的催化加氢脱氯效果最佳,最终产物乙烯的选择性可达到80%以上.     

La2O3—ZrO2缺陷萤石型燃烧催化剂的制备

缺陷萤石型Ｌａ２Ｏ３－ＺｒＯ２固溶体的催化燃烧活性受制备条件的影响，本文通过对其共沉淀前体的表面结构和热分解过程的分析，发现共沸蒸馏的办法可以有效地控制前体表面羟基的缩合过程，减少团聚，保持前体中金属离子均匀分散，为生成缺陷有序的烧结石型的Ｌａ２Ｚｒ２Ｏ７复氧化物提供了可能。复合氧化物固溶体的表面阳离子配置情况与样品的催化氧化性能密切相关，软团聚前体的烧结产物对甲烷燃烧反应具有更高的催化活性。     

Formic acid fractionation towards highly efficient cellulose-derived PdAg bimetallic catalyst for H2 evolution

The present work, in which cellulose isolated from formic acid fractionation (FAC) is decorated with polyetherimide (PEI) to attain highly efficient cellulose-derived PdAgbimetallic catalyst (PdAg-PEI-FAC), has been investigated, and the catalyst properties are characterized by XRD, XPS, BET, ICP-AES and HAADF-STEM. The as-obtained Pd3.75Ag3.75-PEI-FAC exhibits excellent catalytic performance for H2 evo-lution from a sodium formate-free formic acid (FA) aqueous medium at ambient temperature and the turnover frequency (TOF) reaches a high value of 2875 h-1, which is superior to most of the previously reported Pd-based heterogeneous catalysts supported on a carbon matrix in the literature. The remarkable catalytic activities of PdAg-PEI-FAC result from high dispersion Pd and synergistic effects between the PdAg bimetallic system. Furthermore, the amide (-NH) group in PEI coated on cellulose acting as a proton scavenger efficiently improves the catalytic property of catalyst. In addition, the critical factors affecting H2 release, such as FA concentration, reaction temperature, PdAg compositions and support matrix type, are also evaluated. Based on the experimental results, the probable three-step mechanism of H2 evolution from FA over Pd3.75Ag3.75-PEI-FAC is proposed. In the end, the activation energy (Ea) of Pd3.75Ag3.75-PEI-FAC catalyst is calculated to 53.97 kJ mol-1, and this catalyst shows unique robustness and satisfactory re-usability with no loss of catalytic activity after five recycles. The findings in this work provide a novel routine from lignocellulose fractionation towards cellulose-derived catalyst for H2 evolution.     

碱金属氧化物对V2O5-WO3/TiO2催化剂脱硝性能的影响

在V2O5-WO3/TiO2催化剂上负载碱金属氧化物（K2O,Na2O）,通过BET,XRD和SEM等方法对微观结构进行表征,研究不同含量碱金属氧化物对催化剂脱硝活性、N2O生成率和SO2氧化率的影响.结果发现,较大含量的碱金属对催化剂微观结构有一定影响.碱金属氧化物与催化剂表面V物种的结合生成部分碱金属盐（如KVO3）,改变了催化剂的表面结构,使催化剂中有效活性位的数量大大降低,从而导致催化剂活性降低.两种碱金属氧化物对催化剂的毒性顺序为K2O〉Na2O.     

Pd nanoparticles entrapped in TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanotubes for complete butane catalytic combustion at 130 °C

Air pollution by volatile organic compounds is a major health issue due to increasing industrialization and urbanization, notably in the developing countries. Cleaning organic pollutants by catalytic combustion is a potential solution, but actual methods require relatively high temperatures, thus increasing remediation costs. There is therefore a need for methods that operate at mild temperatures. Here we prepared a novel catalyst made of Pd nanoparticles entrapped in TiO₂ nanotubes by vacuum-assisted impregnation. Then, we tested this catalyst for butane combustion. The catalyst was characterized by N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherms, transmission electronic microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis coupled with a scanning transmission electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and temperature programmed oxidation. Results show a complete combustion of butane at 130 °C, which is about 20 °C lower than temperatures required by actual catalysts made of Pd nanoparticles deposited on the exterior surface of TiO₂ nanotubes. Structure characterization suggests that this higher performance at lower temperature is explained by the confinement of TiO₂ nanotubes. Such a confinement could hinder the metal sintering and, in turn, facilitate the formation of PdO during oxidation on the entrapped Pd nanoparticles.