共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 496 毫秒
1.
基于熵权的巢湖水生态健康模糊综合评价 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
在对巢湖水生态状况深入调查研究的基础上,确立了湖泊生态系统健康评价指标体系,确定了各指标健康等级的阙值范围,建立了基于熵权的湖库水生态健康模糊综合评价模型。并选取1980年巢湖的水质和水生态数据作为本底值。运用熵权法对2000~2005年整个湖泊生态系统的健康状况进行了客观评价,结果表明2004—2005年巢湖水生态系统均处于较差健康状态。本方法的计算结果表明采用熵权综合健康指数法对其进行生态系统健康评价具有很好的可靠性和实用性。最后根据实际提出了湖库水生态安全综合管理对策。 相似文献
2.
管理景观中的生态系统健康评价 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
生态系统健康是环保领域中新兴的、正在崭露头角的科学、生态系统健康被理解为生态系统内的内部秩序和组织的整体状况。生态系统健康的整体性评价是指利用生物物理参数、社会经济参数和人类健康参数的综合对生态系统健康进行的综合测定。本文分析了选择一系列适用于管理景观的综合性生态系统健康评价指标体系框架的发展概况。讨论了生态系统健康评价指标的选择原则,并对主要评价指标进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
3.
在构建城市生态系统健康评价指标体系的基础上,借助模糊综合评价法对重庆市1998-2011的生态系统健康状况进行评价与比较分析.结果表明,重庆市生态系统健康状况有所好转,由1998-2007年的“不健康”状态转化为2008-2011年的“健康”或“临界健康”状态,但重庆市生态系统的健康状况不稳定、波动较大. 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
基于改进PSR模型的济南市生态安全评价研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
阐述了生态安全与生态健康、生态服务功能、生态风险等概念之间的逻辑联系,指出生态安全是其中的核心内容。考察一个城市的生态安全问题可从纵横向进行分析,尝试从纵向来讨论一个城市的生态安全问题。以济南市为例,采用改进的PSR模型构建济南市生态安全评价指标体系,以及采用层次分析法、熵权法相结合的复合数学模型确定指标权重,计算出2000—2005年的济南市生态安全评价综合指数。结果显示,2000年以来济南市生态安全评价综合指数呈稳定上升的状态,但上升的加速度很小。预测分析了济南市短期生态安全状况,提出了实现济南市生态系统安全的建议。 相似文献
9.
城镇化背景下滇池流域生态系统健康评价指标体系研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
城镇化的快速发展对云南省滇池流域生态系统健康状况产生的影响日益突出和严重。在明晰流域生态系统健康概念及特征的基础上,阐述了城镇化背景下滇池流域生态系统健康评价指标体系的构建思路与选取原则。主要是:(1)以自然条件限制因子—城镇化影响因子—流域生态系统健康指示因子为评价结构,依据流域水、土和生物资源禀赋特征;(2)城镇化对流域土地利用、对流域水资源的质和量、对流域景观结构的影响;(3)流域健康的五大要素即活力、组织结构、恢复力、生态系统服务功能和人类健康,构建了滇池流域生态系统健康评价指标体系,以期为云南省滇池流域的生态健康评价及生态建设提供科学依据。 相似文献
10.
11.
W. Cully Hession Daniel E. Storm C. Thomas Haan Sterling L. Burks Marty D. Matlock 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1996,32(5):1039-1054
ABSTRACT: We present an ecological risk assessment methodology at the watershed level for freshwater ecosystems. The major component is a pollutant transport and fate model (a modified EUTROMOD) with an integrated uncertainty analysis utilizing a two-phase Monte Carlo procedure. The uncertainty analysis methodology distinguishes between knowledge uncertainty and stochastic variability. The model assesses the ecological risk of lentic (lake) ecosystems in response to the stress of excess phosphorus resulting in eutrophication. The methodology and model were tested on the Wister Lake watershed in Oklahoma with the lake and its trophic state as the endpoint for ecological risk assessment. A geographic information system was used to store, manage, and manipulate spatially referenced data for model input. 相似文献
12.
选用2012年为现状年,运用Surfer软件对白洋淀主要污染物浓度的现状分布、富营养化程度分布及其趋势面进行可视化分析。结果表明:白洋淀大部分淀区的营养盐污染、有机污染以及富营养化程度都相当严重,污染程度由西向东逐渐减轻,其中入淀控制监测断面的污染最严重;白洋淀的污染主要由入淀河流排污产生的点源污染所致,应对白洋淀入淀河流污染进行严格治理;利用Surfer软件制图结果表述简单直观,为白洋淀水质污染状况的表征和评价提供了一种新的尝试。 相似文献
13.
Randolph Haluza-Delay 《Local Environment》2013,18(6):557-564
Lake Zapotlán is a small (1100 ha) lake in Jalisco state, western Mexico. Two communities are located within the basin (Ciudad Guzman, population ~93,000 and Gomez Farías, population ~12,000). The lake has a productive fishery (annual harvest between 200 and 570 tonnes) comprising tilapia and carp. Extensive beds of rooted and floating Typha latifolia are found in the lake and are used in local handicraft activities. The lake receives untreated sewage from both communities and, as a result, has elevated levels of nutrients and coliform bacteria. Local human health issues, as a possible consequence of this pollution, have been identified. This paper describes a process of identifying potential indicators of ecosystem health, to be used as a management tool in developing a sustainability plan for the lake and its basin. 相似文献
14.
Fuzzy cognitive mapping was used to develop a participatory ecosystem management plan for Uluabat Lake, Turkey. Interviews
were conducted with stakeholders belonging to six different groups. Lake pollution was the most central and most mentioned
variable for stakeholders. Stakeholder groups agree that lake pollution is negatively affecting ecosystem health and thereby
local economies. Thus, reducing lake pollution was chosen as the overall goal for the management plan. Possible ways to reduce
lake pollution and increase ecosystem health were seen differently by the different groups. Hunters, factory managers, NGO
personnel, and local people thought industry was the main cause of lake pollution, while officials from the government and
local municipalities thought roads and urban development contributed the most to lake pollution. Generally the stakeholder
groups did not perceive their own actions as affecting the lake as strongly as other groups thought. For example, factory
managers viewed factory pollution as negatively affecting the lake but less strongly than the other groups did. According
to policy option simulations, reducing lake pollution had positive effects on all variables, especially fish, birds, animal
husbandry, irrigation, agriculture, and the ecological balance of the lake. Results of this analysis were used to facilitate
meetings among stakeholder groups and to develop a participatory ecosystem management plan. The analysis was useful for pointing
out the similarities as well as the differences among the groups. It also helped the facilitators understand the focus of
each stakeholder group and enabled them to suggest activities in which each group would want to participate. 相似文献
15.
Jos de Anda Sergio E. Quinones-Cisneros Richard H. French Manuel Guzmn 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1998,34(6):1319-1331
ABSTRACT: Lake Chapala, whose primary tributary is the Río Lerma, is the largest freshwater lake in Mexico and for the past 95 years has maintained an average storage capacity close to 6,700 Mm3. Starting hi the early 1970s, the Lerma-Chapala basin rapidly industrialized. In response to these upstream anthropogenic activities, the fisheries, aesthetics, and water quality of Lake Chapala have decreased as a consequence of the increasing chemical and biologic pollutants mainly from the Río Lerma. Additionally, the growth of Guadalajara has resulted in increasing potable water demands on the lake to satisfy a population currently greater than 4.5 million. During the 1980s, the outflow and water losses from the lake substantially exceeded the inflow and other water contributions. In this paper, the recent behavior of the hydrologic and bathymetric parameters of Lake Chapala are summarized and some important physical stresses on the system are identified. The focus of this work is the 1934–1989 period, and it is shown that starting around 1980 some of the main contributors to the lake water balance were severely perturbed and the lake reached its second lowest recorded level. The disturbances of the system are so severe that the entire regional ecosystem could be irreversibly affected in the near future. 相似文献
16.
Colleen Burch Johnson T.J. Sullivan D.J. Buck 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1989,25(3):565-572
ABSTRACT: Topographic maps are commonly used to define populations of lakes in regional surveys of surface water quality. To illustrate the effect of different maps on that process, we compared the lakes represented on the 1:250,000-scale maps used for the Northeast Region of the Eastern Lake Survey—Phase I (ELS-I) to the lakes on a sample of large-scale maps (1:24,000 or 1:62,500). Lake areas at or near the lower limit of representation delimited “smallest-lake” values for the compared 1:250,000-scale maps. The regional median for these values was 4.5 hectares (ha) and ranged from 0.6 to 24.8 ha. Lake representation is influenced by cartographic limitations such as map scale, age, and complexity as well as the inherent variability of waterbodies (e.g., water level fluctuations or the creation of reservoirs, beaver impoundments, and oxbows). The total number of lakes on large-scale maps increased markedly as lake area decreased. Approximately 15,700 of the estimated 29,000 lakes in the EPA's Northeast Region were 1 to 4 ha in area. Because maps affect the size distribution of lakes included in a regional survey and because lake areas are thought to modify lake chemistry, maps ultimately affect the estimates of regional surface water quality. 相似文献
17.
Wendell J. Lorio Billy M. Teels Earl D. Norwood 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1972,8(3):505-515
ABSTRACT Two lakes having similar soil types were studied to determine the effects of age and water fluctuations on plankton, benthos and fish populations. Bluff Lake is an older man-made lake which is drawn down in the mid-summer. Oktibbeha County Lake is a young lake and the water levels are maintained. Chemistry data from the two lakes indicate that their chemical properties are very similar. Neither lake would be considered very fertile. Net plankton populations in Bluff Lake and Oktibbeha County Lake were comparable when analyzed on a number of organisms per liter basis. Fluctuations of water levels did not seem to have an effect on the net plankton populations. The benthic population in Bluff Lake is slightly higher than that found in Oktibbeha County Lake. This is true for both numbers and weight per square meter. The species composition of benthic organisms in the two lakes were similar. Based on one-acre samples from each lake, Bluff Lake has a more balanced fish population than does Oktibbeha County Lake. Neither, however, seems to support populations of game fish in which a high percentage of these are in the available or harvestable range. Both lakes contain high populations of gizzard shad. 相似文献
18.
ABSTRACT: Following an enclosure of a sink-hole connecting Lake Tarpon to the Gulf of Mexico, the chloride concentration of lake waters decreased. Water and chloride budgets for the lake in 1975 were prepared, and predictions using the model of Lerman and Brunskill (1971) were made as to the time required for the lake to achieve fresh water status. Model verification indicated good agreement with predictions in 1976; however, data on [C1-] for 1977 and 1978 are not as supportive of the model used. The information concerning the Lake Tarpon watershed provided by this latter fact is discussed. 相似文献
19.
Forrest E. Dierberg 《Environmental management》1992,16(3):371-380
Following a period of prolonged drought or intentional lake level drawdown, large littoral areas that once contained submersed
aquatic vegetation (SAV) are reinundated when lake levels rise. A complete assessment of the contribution made by decomposing
SAV to the in-lake phosphorus (P) concentration is important in both the management of Lake Okeechobee and understanding basic
P processes. The P contribution to the open waters of Lake Okeechobee from a rapid inundation of exposed SAV was calculated
by four methods: cores of field-desiccated SAV, cores of lab-desiccated SAV in the presence and absence of sediments, in situ
decomposition, and sequential macrophyte harvesting. P releases, given such an episodic event, were similar among the four
methods, ranging from 116±48 to 384±528 mg/m2 in the absence of sediment. When SAV is in contact with sediment, which is the realistic field situation, the amount of P
released was four times less (30±14 mg/m2) than in the absence of sediment. The calculated P releases would result in total P concentration increases in the lake from
2 to 15 μg/liter (upper 95% CI=2–25 μg/liter) in the absence of sediment; only 1 μg/liter increase was predicted when SAV
released P in contact with sediment. Thus it is unlikely that a significant rise in total P concentrations in the limnetic
zone of the lake would occur from the export of P released during the desiccation of SAV in the littoral-marsh zone during
a drawdown. 相似文献