镇江地区土壤样品中重金属Cd含量与空间分布

通过对镇江地区土壤样品中 Cd 监测结果统计分析表明,全市69个样品中 Cd 质量比范围为0．06 mg/kg ～1．37 mg/kg,均值为0．23 mg/kg,与全国背景值相比,有一定程度富集;样品中 Cd 质量比成偏态分布,相对标准偏差较大。选用单项污染指数法对 Cd污染程度评价表明,镇江地区83％的土壤样品未受到 Cd 污染,14％为轻度污染,3％为中度污染。结合镇江地区的产业结构分析,电镀行业是土壤 Cd 污染的主要来源,道路运输、农药化肥在一定程度上也加重了污染。     

中国33个城市土壤重金属污染空间分布特征与潜在风险

收集整理了中国33个城市的表层土壤重金属(As、Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg)含量,城镇化指标(GDP、常住人口、机动车保有量),大气环境监测指标(空气质量指数AQI、PM_2.5、PM₁₀、SO₂、NO₂、CO和O₃),研究了33个城市土壤重金属污染空间分布特征和潜在风险。结果表明:各个城市土壤重金属As、Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg的平均含量分别是中国土壤元素背景值的1.12、1.75、1.21、1.69、1.16、1.13、1.75、1.66、4.18、2.87倍。土壤重金属地累积指数(I_geo)均值排序为Cd (1.48)> Hg (0.93)> Pb (0.23)> Co (0.22)> Cu (0.17)> Zn (0.14)> Cr (-0.31)> Mn (-0.37)> Ni (-0.41)>As (-0.42)。中国八大社会经济区域内梅罗污染指数顺序为西南地区(7.07)>长江中游地区(6.84)>北部沿海地区(6.81)>东部沿海地区(4.09)>南部沿海地区(3.82)>东北地区(3.12)>黄河中游地区(2.76)>大西北地区(3.73)。不同重金属元素单项潜在生态风险系数大小顺序为Cd> Hg> As> Pb> Co> Cu> Ni> Cr> Mn> Zn,潜在生态风险指数平均值为665.15。城市土壤中Cu、Mn、Pb和Zn之间相关性较好,但是与城镇化指标、大气环境监测指标之间不存在显著相关性。     

淮安市土壤重金属污染状况评价及防治对策初探

针对严峻的土壤污染形势,我市启动了土壤污染状况调查工作,本文重点分析土壤中重金属含量,蔬菜基地、大型交通干线两侧、重污染和农产品中重金属含量,结合土地利用类型,开展土壤环境风险评价,确定环境安全等级,建立土壤污染状况档案,提出土壤污染防治对策。     

鞍山市郊蔬菜基地土壤重金属污染状况调查

通过对鞍山市郊蔬菜基地土壤中重金属含量的分析表明,所采集的菜地土壤中Cd的超标率为44．4％,Cu、Pb、Cr、As、Hg无超标现象。大田菜菜地土壤中As、Hg、Pb含量比大棚菜菜地略高,Hg、Pb、Cu、Cr、Cd含量超背景值。     

徽县铅锌冶炼区土壤中重金属的空间分布特征

采集甘肃省徽县铅锌冶炼区域土壤样品,分析该区域内重金属污染分布规律及污染特征。结果表明,表层土壤中Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn的平均含量分别为214、3.12、25.8、79.5 mg/kg。研究区域内重金属的分布特征显示,污染浓度由冶炼厂中心向四周递减。纵向0~30 cm范围内重金属含量逐渐降低,大部分重金属污染物集中在土壤表层的0~20 cm区域,其中0~2 cm区域内含量较高,Pb和Cd的最高含量分别达到3 877、24.8 mg/kg,与国家土壤环境质量二级标准(p H 6.5~7.5)(GB 15618—1995)相比,分别超标13、82倍,属于重度污染。重金属元素的分布与土壤有机碳含量及p H相关。冶炼厂周围的重金属污染应引起有关部门的高度重视,严格控制污染源,尽快采取措施以防止污染范围进一步扩大。     

土壤重金属污染空间插值及其验证方法研究综述

综述了土壤重金属污染空间插值方法研究现状,分析了3类典型的插值方法(确定性插值方法、地统计学插值方法和组合插值方法),以及2种常用的精度验证方法(交叉验证法和独立的数据集验证法)各自的优缺点与适用范围,提出了加强组合插值模型优化与精度提升、利用计算机智能技术优化插值算法模型、开发针对土壤重金属领域的考虑空间插值软数据挖...     

吐鲁番盆地葡萄园土壤重金属污染状况及其潜在生态风险

为探讨中国葡萄主产区土壤重金属污染状况及生态风险,从吐鲁番盆地葡萄园采集了101个土壤样品,测定As、Cd、Cr、Ni、Pb和Hg等6种元素的浓度。利用地质累积指数(I_geo)、潜在生态风险指数(RI)和生态风险预警指数(I_ER),对葡萄园土壤重金属污染状况及其潜在生态风险进行了评估。结果表明:吐鲁番盆地葡萄园土壤中6种元素的平均含量均小于《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》(GB 15618—2018)中的筛选值,但As、Cd、Cr、Hg的平均含量分别为新疆灌耕土背景值的1.05、1.58、1.49、1.15倍。各元素I_geo平均值排序为Cd(0.0)>Cr(-0.02)>As(-0.53)>Hg(-0.62)=Pb(-0.62)>Ni(-0.88),均表现为无污染;单项生态风险指数排序为Cd>As>Ni>Hg>Cr>Pb,均呈现轻微生态风险;RI平均值为17.33,属于轻微生态风险;I_ER平均值为-4.87,属于无警态势。Cd是...     

我国高速公路周边土壤重金属污染现状及研究进展

以我国高速公路周边土壤重金属为研究对象,综述了我国高速公路周边土壤重金属污染特征、影响因素、来源、环境风险及其研究进展。高速公路周边土壤主要受Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn等重金属污染,主要呈现指数分布、偏态分布和两者混合分布等特点,并且受到土地利用、风向、地形、车流量等多种因素的综合影响。土壤重金属的来源除了受成土母质等自然因素影响以外,公路交通和周边工农业活动也会对其来源产生较大影响。传统的土壤重金属评价方法主要采用单因子指数法、地累积指数法、生态风险评价法等对重金属的污染等级和环境风险进行评价。未来的研究应将重金属形态分析、空间和地统计分析、重金属稳定同位素示踪和源解析模型以及预测模型等多种手段相结合,开展高速公路周边土壤重金属的污染特征、时空分布、来源及预测预警研究等,为我国高速公路沿线工农业生产布局及其土壤重金属污染防控提供科学依据和决策支撑。     

怀化地区酸雨污染状况及其成因

怀化地区位于湖南省西南部,山地占其总面积的７３６％,且峰峦起伏,间有丘陵、河谷、盆地。在８０年代初期,该地区酸雨已引起国家和湖南省环保局的重视,９０年代后被列为国家控制大气污染监测点。现以该地区“八五”期间降水常规监测资料为基础,对酸雨污染状况进行...     

闽东某钼矿周边农田土壤钼和重金属的污染状况

调查了闽东某钼矿周边农田土壤和稻米钼及重金属的污染状况,对土壤钼的人体健康风险进行了评价,探讨了土壤钼的安全阈值。结果表明,部分土壤遭受了铜和镉的污染,以轻度污染为主;部分稻米出现镍和镉的污染,以轻度污染为主;土壤全钼含量为3.30~325.6 mg/kg,最高值高出福建省土壤中钼的环境背景值87倍,说明该区土壤已遭受严重的钼污染。稻米钼含量为0.58~12.04 mg/kg,对人体具有很高的健康风险;根据稻米钼含量与土壤钼含量之间的关系和人体健康风险评价结果,推算出土壤中钼(全钼)的安全阈值不高于4.51 mg/kg。     

大冶龙角山地区土壤中重金属污染现状与评价

为了研究大冶龙角山地区尾砂坝内尾砂排放对下游耕地土壤中重金属含量的影响,本文对尾矿坝及河流两岸的耕地进行布点采样,通过等离子体发射光谱仪（ICP—OES）测定土壤中A5、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn6种重金属的含量,并用污染指数法进行分析评价。旨在调查研究的基础上,使人们认识当地重金属污染的严重性,加大环境保护力度。     

乌鲁木齐市大气污染时空分布规律研究

为掌握乌鲁木齐市大气污染时空分布规律,利用近年乌鲁木齐市大气污染物的浓度最新资料,详尽分析了其空气质量的年际变化和空间分布特征。统计了2008年各污染物日、月变化规律。结果表明,近年乌鲁木齐市城区大气污染物质量浓度具有明显时空分布规律,即大气污染物质量浓度冬春季大于夏秋季,PM10和SO2浓度夜间大于白天。在空间分布上,PM10和SO2南部区域最高,中部次之,市区北部最轻,NO2则呈现出由北向南逐渐升高的分布特征。     

乌鲁木齐市米东污灌区农田土壤重金属污染评价

对米东污灌区农田土壤重金属含量进行监测分析,利用不同的评价方法和标准对土壤重金属的环境质量进行评价。结果表明：米东污灌区农田土壤重金属含量分别为Cd（0.12±0.06）mg/kg,Cu（40.43±5.30）mg/kg,Zn（78.38±11.04）mg/kg,Pb（11.66±11.79）mg/kg,Ni（20.24±8.05）mg/kg,Cr（75.81±8.05）mg/kg。以国家土壤环境质量标准（二级）为标准评价,各元素的污染指数排序为Cu〉Ni〉Cr〉Zn〉Cd〉Pb,综合污染指数为0.337,污染程度为安全。以食用农产品产地土壤环境质量要求为标准评价,各元素的污染指数排序为Cu〉Ni〉Cr〉Zn〉Cd〉Pb,综合污染指数为0.343,污染程度为安全。表明米东污灌区农田土壤重金属含量尚能达到食用农产品产地土壤环境质量要求。Pb、Cu、Zn的平均含量超过乌鲁木齐市土壤背景值,这说明污灌区土壤重金属Pb、Cu、Zn近年来已有所累积,存在一定的污染风险。     

奎屯市北郊蔬菜污灌区土壤重金属污染调查

通过对奎屯市北郊污灌区菜地土壤中重金属含量的分析表明,所调查的污灌菜地土壤中铅、锌、镉、砷和汞均未超标,部分地块铜超标,说明多年来因工业废水的浇灌,已造成铜对局部区域土壤的污染。     

Spatial Variability and Monitoring of Pb Contamination of Farming Soils Affected by Industry

In this study, the relationship between some physico-chemical properties of soils and lead contamination in soil due to emission from industrial operations in Samsun province of Turkey was investigated. The extent of timely contamination was studied by comparing the obtained results with the results of the study conducted in the same region in 1998. An area of 225 km² (15 km × 15 km), which was divided into 1000 × 1000 m grid squares (16 lines in the east and south directions), was selected within the industrial area. The total of 256 grid points was obtained and soil samples were collected from three depths (0–5, 5–15, and 15–30 cm) of each grid center in 2004. The total Pb concentrations of soil samples were determined as 65.84–527.04 μg g⁻¹ at 0–5 cm in depth, 58.50 – 399.54 μg g⁻¹ at 5–15 cm in depth, and 44.65–330.07 μg g⁻¹ at 15–30 cm in depth. DTPA-extractable Pb concentrations of soils were found to be in the range of 1.52–9.03 μg g⁻¹, 0.54–7.09 μg g⁻¹, 0.19–6.13 μg g⁻¹ at 0–5, 5–15, and 15–30 cm depths, respectively. There were significant relationships between both total or DTPA-extractable Pb concentrations and selected physico-chemical properties of soil. According to enrichment factor (EF) values calculated from the total Pb concentrations, 11.3% of the study area (225 km²) was enriched with Pb in high level, but 77% of the area was in significant enrichment level with Pb. The average total and DTPA-extractable Pb concentrations increased as 11 and 13%, respectively in comparison with the results of 1998.     

Animal Hair as Biological Indicator for Heavy Metal Pollution in Urban and Rural Areas

Animal hair is a good biomonitoring tool for heavy metals assessment and reflects the content of heavy metals in the forage and soil. Heavy metals Fe, Mn, Co and Ni as well as toxic metals Cd and Pb were determined in goat, sheep and camel hair, forage and soil collected from four different environmental urban and rural regions. These regions are Aswan city farms, Allaqi desert pasture, Kalabsha farms and Halaiub desert pasture at far south of Egypt. The results reveal that sheep hair contains the highest levels of Fe and Mn (879 and 55 μg/g, respectively), camel hair contains the highest Pb, whereas for goat Cd and Ni were the highest. Heavy metal concentrations in the studied hair reflect the presence of these metals in the surrounding forage and soil and vary from one area to another, and give knowledge of pollution in the area. Correlation statistics analysis and cluster analysis show a good and significant value between metals in hair and plants.     

Heavy Metal Pollution of Surface Soil in the Thrace Region, Turkey

Abstact Samples of surface soil were collected at 73 sites in the Thrace region, northwest part of Turkey. Two complementary analytical techniques, epithermal neutron activation analysis (ENAA) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) with flame and graphite furnace atomization were used to determine 35 elements in the soil samples. Concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined using AAS and GF AAS, and ENAA was used for the remaining 27 elements. Results for As, Ba, Br, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu Eu, Fe, Hf, I, In, K, La, Mn, Mo, Na, Nd, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sm, Sr, Ta, Tb, Th, Ti, U, V and Zn are reported for the first time for soils from this region. The results show that concentrations of most elements were little affected by the industrial and other anthropogenic activities performed in region. Except for distinctly higher levels of Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn in Istanbul district than the median values for the Thrace region, the observed distributions seem to be mainly associated with lithogenic variations. Spatial distributions of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were plotted in relation to the concentration values in soil using Geographic Information System (GIS) technology     

汽车废气中的铅对城市土壤污染状况调查

通过现场调查,定量分析了乌鲁木齐市市区交通主干道二侧土壤中铅、镉等6种元素的含量,初步掌握了重金属元素的分布情况。调查结果表明,在交通密集易形成堵车的路段,土壤中重金属富集的量较高,在交通顺畅或车流量少的路段,土壤中重金属含量相对较低。铅污染的主要来源是汽车尾气。