火电厂石灰石湿法烟气脱硫废水处理方法

阐述了石灰石湿法烟气脱硫（FGD）废水的水质特征，介绍了国内外普遍应用的化学沉淀去除脱硫废水中重金属、悬浮物等物质的工艺特点及其不足，并着重介绍了最新发展的流化床法、沉淀一微滤法等FCD废水处理新型工艺。     

燃煤电厂灰场排水特性及其再利用

1968年以来,田纳西流域管理局(TVA)一直在研究燃煤电厂排放的废水特性。研究内容包括锅炉化学清洗废水、煤堆排水、灰场浸出水、石灰和石灰石二氧化硫洗涤塔排水、冷却塔排污水、氯处理的直流冷却水和灰场排水等的特性。本文介绍灰场排水特性以及冲灰水和火电厂其它废水的几种再利用方法。煤灰用水力冲灰方式输送到灰场处置,     

重金属废水处理与资源化利用现状

重金属废水的排放是重金属污染的重要源头之一。介绍了目前国内外用于处理不同重坌属废水的方法，以及重金属废水资源化可采用的多种工艺。在重金属废水资源化技术中，膜分离技术起着十分重要的作用。     

江苏省火电厂灰场排水重金属含量分析

为有效地控制火电厂灰场（灰池）排水中重金属污染物排放情况,从１９９４年开始,每年１次对省内局属电厂的灰场（灰池）排水中的主要重金属含量进行了监测。监测结果表明,各厂的灰场（灰池）排水中的主要重金属排放情况较好。     

灰场排放水闭路循环对冲灰原水和冲灰系统影响的研究

灰场排放水是火力发电厂的主要污染源之一，目前解决这一污染问题的最好途径是将其回收再次用于冲灰、冲渣。由于此废水具有高钙、高硬度和高pH值等特点，与原冲灰水的混合将对冲灰原水和冲灰系统产生一定的影响，本文拟通过实验室的试验和工程实例揭示其影响程度提出应该采取的有关对策。     

粉煤灰在废水处理中的应用

粉煤灰作为一种可再资源化的工业固体废弃物日益引起关注.粉煤灰处理废水的机理主要是吸附作用,影响粉煤灰吸附性能的主要因素有温度、粉煤灰粒度、pH值、吸附质性质、灰水比,粉煤灰处理生活污水、城市废水、印染废水、重金属废水、含氟、磷、有机质废水、造纸废水等应用前景广阔.     

神头电厂排水对受纳水体的污染影响及其评价

火电厂排水有灰水,循环冷却系统排污水(或直流冷却排水)、油污水、酸碱废水、各车间排水、煤场排水以及生活污水等。这些废水,有些厂集中汇集后排放,有些厂分别汇集后分二股或三股排放。它们对受纳水体会产生多大的污染影响,是值得关注的问     

国内简讯

新型重金属处理剂研制成功大连环境科学研究所最近利用炼油工业废渣及炉渣等为基本原料合成出一种廉价重金属处理剂。对于化工、电镀、化学镀金属,无机盐生产过程中排出的酸性重金属废水,有较好的处理效果。对P_b、C_u、Ni、Zn等离子的交换吸附量达到1.4-1.7毫克当量/克。废水经处理后,达到国家规定的排放标准,尤其是对于低浓度的重金属废水,更为有效。处理水可以     

加拿大燃煤电厂水污染防治技术

本文介绍了加拿大燃煤电厂废水排放标准，废水处理技术及废水池和灰场的防渗技术。     

用石灰除氟的试验研究

1前言由于韶关电厂燃用含氟量较高的粤北小煤窑煤，因此灰场灰水中F-超标排放（灰场灰水中广的浓度为16．0～22.0mg／L，广东省地方排放标准F-最高允许排放浓度是15mg／L，每年需缴排污费近百万元。这成为韶关电厂环保工作中的一个重要问题。为了解决灰水中氟的超标问题，我们首先对灰水排放情况进行了摸底调查。韶关电厂的灰水有以下几个特点：①排放灰水中只有氟超标,，超标率为20％；②灰水中氟的浓度由除尘器出口至灰场排放口沿途逐渐降低，大约减少2．3倍；③灰水pH值由除尘器出口至发场排放口沿流程逐渐升高，由4．0左右上升到7.0左…     

Heavy metal release from different ashes during serial batch tests using water and acid

Most ashes contain a significant amount of heavy metals and when released from disposed or used ash materials, they can form a major environmental concern for underground waters. The use of water extracts to assess the easily mobilisable content of heavy metals may not provide an appropriate measure. This study describes the patterns of heavy metal release from ash materials in context with results from the German standard extraction method DIN-S4 (DIN 38 414 S4). Samples of four different ashes (municipal solid waste incineration ash, wood ash, brown coal ash and hard coal ash) were subjected to a number of serial batch tests with liquid renewal, some of which involved the addition of acid to neutralize carbonates and oxides. Release of heavy metals showed different patterns depending on the element, the type of material, the method of extraction and the type of the extractant used. Only a small fraction of the total heavy metal contents occurred as water soluble salts; of special significance was the amount of Cr released from the wood ash. The reaction time (1, 24 or 72 h between each extraction step with water) had only a small effect on the release of heavy metals. However, the release of most of the heavy metals was governed by the dissolution processes following proton inputs, indicating that pH-dependent tests such as CEN TC 292 or others are required to estimate long-term effects of heavy metal releases from ashes. Based on the chemical characteristics of ash materials in terms of their form and solubility of heavy metals, recommendations were made on the disposal or use of the four ash materials.     

Recovery of high purity zinc from filter ash produced during the thermal treatment of waste and inerting of residual materials.

The method described below recovers zinc, a valuable metal that is present in high concentrations in filter ash from the thermal treatment of waste, and returns the filter ash stripped of heavy metals to the combustion process in order to destroy organic substances. On an industrial scale, the heavy metals in the filter ash were mobilized by means of hydrochloric acid in the acidic fluids produced in the flue-gas scrubbing process without the addition of further chemicals. A pilot plant for implementing the selective reactive extraction (SRE) method on the ash extracts, using a highly selective complexant, was operated over a period of several months in order to obtain a concentrated, high-purity zinc salt solution (mono metal solution). A zinc depletion rate of 99.8% in the aqueous extract was achieved using mixer-settler units. The residual zinc concentration in the waste water was then < 2 mg L(-1). By stripping the loaded organic phase, a concentrated, high-purity mono metal solution with 190 g L(-1) zinc was obtained. Zinc metal with a purity > 99.99% is then separated by means of electrolysis. To destroy organic substances present in the filter ash, particularly dioxins and furans, the extracted filter ash cake was returned to the combustion process together with household waste. Plant operation, raw and pure gas parameters, and quality of the bottom ash produced were not impacted by such recirculation. The profitability of the overall process is attributable both to the recovery of valuable zinc metal and to the cost savings made in waste water treatment and in the disposal of the waste combustion residues because the remaining mixture of filter ash and bottom ash can be reused in a combined form. This method therefore supports the sustainable and economically viable reuse of filter ash.     

Characteristics of ashes from different locations at the MSW incinerator equipped with various air pollution control devices

The characteristics of ashes from different locations at a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) equipped with a water spray tower (WST) as a cooling system, and a spray dryer adsorber (SDA), a bag filter (BF) and a selective catalytic reactor (SCR) as air pollution control devices (APCD) was investigated to provide the basic data for further treatment of ashes. A commercial MSWI with a capacity of 100 tons per day was selected. Ash was sampled from different locations during the normal operation of the MSWI and was analyzed to obtain chemical composition, basicity, metal contents and leaching behavior of heavy metals. Basicity and pH of ash showed a broad range between 0.08-9.07 and 3.5-12.3, respectively. Some major inorganics in ash were identified and could affect the basicity. This could be one of the factors to determine further treatment means. Partitioning of hazardous heavy metals such as Pb, Cu, Cr, Hg and Cd was investigated. Large portions of Hg and Cd were emitted from the furnace while over 90% of Pb, Cu and Cr remained in bottom ash. However 54% of Hg was captured by WST and 41% by SDA/BF and 3.6% was emitted through the stack, while 81.5% of Cd was captured by SDA/BF. From the analysis data of various metal contents in ash and leach analysis, such capturing of metal was confirmed and some heavy metals found to be easily released from ash. Based on the overall characteristics of ash in different locations at the MSWI during the investigation, some considerations and suggestions for determining the appropriate treatment methods of ash were made as conclusions.     

Use of flue gas desulphurisation (FGD) waste and rejected fly ash in waste stabilization/solidification systems

Stabilization/solidification (S/S) processes have been used as the final treatment step for hazardous wastes prior to land disposal. Fly ash is a by-product of coal-fired power generation; a significant proportion of this material is low-grade, reject material (rFA) that is unsuitable as a cement replacement due to its high carbon content and large particle size (>45 microm). Flue gas desulphurization (FGD) sludge is a by-product from the air pollution control systems used in coal-fired power plants. The objective of this work was to investigate the performance of S/S waste binder systems containing these two waste materials (rFA and FGD). Strength tests show that cement-based waste forms with rFA and FGD replacement were suitable for disposal in landfills. The addition of an appropriate quantity of Ca(OH)2 and FGD reduces the deleterious effect of heavy metals on strength development. Results of TCLP testing and the progressive TCLP test show that cement-rFA-Ca(OH)2 systems with a range of FGD additions can form an effective S/S binder. The Leachability Index indicates that cement-based waste forms with rFA replacement were effective in reducing the mobility of heavy metals.     

Properties of mortars made by uncalcined FGD gypsum-fly ash-ground granulated blast furnace slag composite binder

A series of novel mortars were developed from composite binder of uncalcined FGD gypsum, fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) for the good utilization of flue gas desulphurization (FGD) gypsum. At a fixed ratio (20%) of GGBFS to the composite binder, keeping consistency of the mortar between 9.5 and 10.0 cm, the properties of the composite mortar were studied. The results show that higher water/binder (W/B) is required to keep the consistency when increasing the percentage of FGD gypsum. No obvious influences of the W/B and content of FGD gypsum on the bleeding of paste were observed which keeps lower than 2% under all experimental conditions tried. The highest compressive and flexural strengths (ratio is 20% FGD gypsum, 20% GGBFS and 60% FA) are 22.6 and 4.3 MPa at 28 days, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicate that massive ettringite crystals and C-S-H gels exist in the hydration products. At 90 days the mortars with FGD gypsum is dramatically smaller drying shrinkage (563-938 micro strain) than that without FGD gypsum (about 2250 micro strain). The release of the SO(4)(2-) from the mortar was analyzed, indicating that the dissolution of sulfate increases with FGD gypsum. The concentration of SO(4)(2-) releasing from the mortar with 10% FGD gypsum is almost equal to that obtained from the mortar without FGD gypsum. The release of SO(4)(2-) from the mortar with 20% FGD gypsum is 9200 mg·m(-2), which is lower than that from the mortar with 95% cement clinker and 5% FGD gypsum.     

Literature review: Electrodialytic remediation and potential environmental applications of oil fly ash

Oil fly ash (OFA) contains environmentally toxic heavy metal and substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. This review discusses the physical and chemical properties of OFA and presents information from other types of fly ash that can be used as concepts for the remediation and uses of OFA. Electrokinetic remediation is useful to remove some of the heavy metals for broader uses of the fly ash in agriculture, for making construction material, for contaminated wastewater treatment, and also for carbon dioxide sequestration. This review can be useful to develop approaches for the remediation and environmental management of OFA. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Landfilling characteristics of flue gas desulphurizing wastes

Leachate from mixtures of fly ash and flue gas desulphurizing (FGD) residues were analysed by shake and column tests. The pozzolanic reaction between FGD and fly ash proceeds over a period of several months forming a dense structure with reduced leachability. High variations were found between different sources of ash and FGD.     

Comparison of leaching characteristics of heavy metals from bottom and fly ashes in Korea and Japan

The objective of this research was to compare the leaching characteristics of heavy metals such as cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead, etc., in Korean and Japanese municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) ash. The rate of leaching of heavy metal was measured by KSLT and JTL-13, and the amount of heavy metals leached was compared with the metal content in each waste component. Finally, bio-availability testing was performed to assess the risks associated with heavy metals leached from bottom ash and fly ash. From the results, the value of neutralization ability in Japanese fly ash was four times higher than that in Korean fly ash. The reason was the difference in the content of Ca(OH)(2) in fly ash. The amount of lead leached exceeded the regulatory level in both Japanese and Korean fly ash. The rate of leaching was relatively low in ash with a pH in the range of 6-10. The bio-availability test in fly ash demonstrated that the amount of heavy metals leached was Pb>Cd>Cr, but the order was changed to Pb>Cr>Cd in the bottom ash. The leaching concentration of lead exceeded the Japanese risk level in all fly ashes from the two countries, but the leaching concentration of cadmium exceeded the regulatory level in Korean fly ash only.     

Accumulation and fate of selected heavy metals in a biological wastewater treatment system

The aim of this research was to study the accumulation and removal of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) by a biological wastewater treatment system. Heavy metal contents in the influent and effluent wastewater were compared. Also, the heavy metal contents in the sludge before and after anaerobic digestion were compared. The results showed: (1) more pronounced variations in the contents of Cu and Zn than that of Cd and Pb, which showed that at 0.02 for Cd and 0.05 mg/l for Pb, the reduction in their contents was insignificant; (2) that removal of heavy metals was directly proportional to their initial contents in the influent wastewater. Corresponding to the influent contents, in increasing order, the reduction in heavy metal contents was: Cd相似文献