人工污水中的N在模拟秋茄湿地系统中的分配循环及其净化效果

在温室中建立模拟红树林植物秋茄湿地系统，系统包括１年生秋茄苗、底泥和潮汐海水，分别用正常、５倍和１０倍浓度的人工制备的城市污水每周定时、定时对模拟系统污灌２次，持续１年。用以研究营养污物Ｎ在系统中的分配循环及被净化的效果。结果表明，加入系统中的污水Ｎ主要留存在土壤中，留存在植物中只有一小部分，４个处理污水浓度组植株中Ｎ元素周转期衣次为４．１年、４．９年、５．３年和４．３年，比２０龄的秋茄群落Ｎ周期     

人工污水对白骨壤生长的影响

在模拟潮汐条件下以正常、5倍和10倍浓度的人工污水处理红树林植物白骨壤la生幼苗,测定植株的根长、根径、茎高、茎径、叶片数、生物量以及开花结果等指标。结果表明：正常浓度和5倍浓度组的上述指标显著高于对照组,10倍浓度组的这些指标大于或接近对照组;说明：一定浓度的污水可以促进白骨壤的生长和开花结果。     

Cd在无瓣海桑模拟湿地系统中的分布迁移及净化效应

在温室中建立红树林植物无瓣海桑模拟湿地系统,分别用正常、5倍和10倍浓度3种人工配制的生活污水定时定量对模拟系统污灌4个月,研究重金属Cd的分布、迁移以及湿地系统对Cd污染的净化效应。结果表明,污水中的Cd主要存留在土壤子系统中(约90%),只有很少部分迁移到植物体和凋落物中;无瓣海桑各器官中Cd含量在根部最高;模拟系统对污水中Cd的净化效果显著,在植物-土壤-水系统中,正常、5倍和10倍浓度组的净化率分别为96.04%、85.19%和92.24%,在无植物系统中,对应组分别为81.18%、85.46%和80.96%。     

人工污水释放对白骨壤模拟湿地系统土壤理化性质的影响

在温室中建立红树林植物白骨壤模拟湿地系统，分别用正常(NW)、5倍(FW)和10倍(TW)浓度的人工配置的污水每周定时定量对模拟系统污灌2次，用海水作对照(CL)，持续1a。研究污灌对模拟湿地系统土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明：经过1a的污水处理，白骨壤模拟湿地系统的土壤理化性质未发生显著改变，种植其上的白骨壤植物能维持正常生长。     

多氯联苯对两种红树植物光合作用和相对生长速率的影响

研究了多氯联苯(PCBs)对红树植物秋茄和桐花树的光合作用及相对生长速率的影响。结果表明,在所设PCBs浓度范围内,秋茄和桐花树能保持相对正常的光合色素水平,桐花树幼苗叶片的叶绿素a+b含量降低的幅度要小于秋茄,而叶绿素a/b值升高的幅度也小于秋茄;各浓度组秋茄和桐花树幼苗根和茎的干物重与鲜重的比值与对照相比均无显著性差异,桐花树幼苗茎的干物重与鲜重的比值小于秋茄,而根的干物重与鲜重的比值大于秋茄;各浓度PCBs对秋茄和桐花树幼苗的相对生长速率均具有促进作用,桐花树幼苗的相对生长速率小于秋茄。研究表明:两种红树植物在所设PCBs浓度范围内,均能正常生长,对PCBs均具有较强的耐性,而且桐花树幼苗对PCBs的耐性要强于秋茄。     

凤眼莲净化含酚污水的研究——Ⅰ.盆栽和氧化塘试验及几种环境条件对除酚的影响

通过盆栽、模拟箱和氧化塘中凤眼莲净化含酚污水的试验表明:放养凤眼莲能使除酚过程加快,在0.6—10mg/L酚浓度范围内,植物净化速率为一般自然净化速率的2—3倍。在温度17—37℃范围内,凤眼莲均能明显加速酚水的净化。光照强度对凤眼莲净化酚水速率无显著影响。平衡地提高水中矿质营养元素的浓度,能加速除酚的过程。 水中含酚量小于1mg/L不造成植株中酚的残留;6mg/L以下酚含量增加亦不明显;10mg/L以上则随酚浓度的提高,植株中酚含量成倍增加。     

营养盐对长江口2种主要赤潮原因藻光合色素和光合作用影响的比较研究

比较研究了不同营养条件对中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻的光合色素含量和光合作用的影响.结果发现：①低浓度营养盐处理组培养的中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻的叶绿素a （chlorophyll a,Chl-a）、叶绿素c （chlorophyll c,Chl-c）和总类胡萝卜素（total coloured carotenoids,TCC）含量均低于高浓度营养盐处理组;②初始N/P比值一定（16/1）的条件下, 2种藻的光合速率变化不同,对于中肋骨条藻,低浓度处理组以单位细胞表示的光合速率从第5 d开始显著低于高浓度处理组,至试验结束时, 2组的光合速率(以O₂计,下同)分别为0.031×10^-4 μmol·(cell·h)^-1和0.13×10^-4 μmol·(cell·h)^-1,以单位叶绿素a（μg）表示的光合速率与高浓度处理组之间差异不显著,分别为12.92 μmol·(μg·h)^-1和13.03 μmol·(μg·h)^-1,而对于东海原甲藻,低浓度处理组的以单位细胞和单位叶绿素a表示的光合速率均显著高于高浓度处理组;P源充足低N处理组的2种藻的单位细胞表示和以单位叶绿素a表示的光合速率均高于高N处理组;N源充足低P处理组的2种藻以单位细胞表示和以单位叶绿素a表示的光合速率低于高P处理组;2种藻的光合速率与胞内磷酸盐浓度之间存在显著正相关关系;③相同营养条件下东海原甲藻比中肋骨条藻含有更多的单位细胞光合色素含量和更高的光合速率.试验从2种藻的光合特性角度,进一步论证了东海原甲藻比中肋骨条藻更能适应营养盐浓度较低的环境.     

模拟秋茄湿地系统中Pb的分配与迁移

在温室中建立模拟秋茄湿地系统,分别用3种不同浓度的人工污水每周定时定量对模拟系统进行污灌1年,用以研究Pb在系统中的分配与迁移。结果表明：加入系统的Pb主要分配存留在土壤中,很少迁移到植物体和掉落物中。由于红树植物的拒盐机制以及被秋茄吸收的Pb主要积累在非生理活动区,表明秋茄幼苗对Pb具较强抗性。同时,应用物质平衡模型,计算得土壤子系统Pb的环境容量较大,因此整个模拟系统对Pb污染的承受力较大。     

红树林系统处理牲畜废水营养盐的研究

在2种盐度条件下（淡水与盐度30的人工海水）通过温室盆栽系统对比研究了2种主红树植物木榄和秋茄对牲畜废水的处理效应。牲畜废水的加入使植物体P含量增加1－4倍，N含量增加0.04-1.30倍。淡水条件 下秋茄和木榄系统N的处理效率分别为84.3%和95.5%，海水条件 下则为92.7%和98.0%，淡水条件下秋茄和木榄系统P的处理效率分别为79.2%和91.8%，海水条件下则为88.0%和97.8%，盐度对秋茄植物体N的去除无显著效应。2种植物体对P的处理效率为4％，远比N的处理效率低，废水来源的营养 盐大多被土壤去除。     

多氯联苯(PCBs)污染对秋茄Kandelia candel生长的影响

通过盆栽实验研究了不同浓度(180×10-9、900×10-9、1 800×10-9和2 700×10-9)的多氯联苯(PCBs)对红树植物秋茄Kandelia candel幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:秋茄的生长指标茎高、茎径、茎体积和生物量的生长量呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势,不过各处理的生长指标均高于对照组;研究表明,秋茄能在PCBs浓度为2 700×10-9的沉积物中正常生长,对PCBs有较强的耐受性和适应性.     

Changes of plasma membrane AtPase activity, membrane potential and transmembrane proton gradient in Kandelia candel and Avicennia marina seedlings with various salinities

The salt-secreting mangrove, Avicennia marina, and non-salt-secreting mangrove, Kande/ia candel were cultivated in sand with various salinities(0‰, 100‰, 20‰, 30‰, 40‰) for 60 d. Plasma membrane vesicles of highpurity in leaves and roots of A. marina and K. candel seedlings were obtained by two-phase partitioning. The function of the plasma membranes, the activity of ATPase, membrane potential and transmembrane proton gradient, at various salinities were investigated. The results showed that within a certain range of salinity( A. marina and roots of K. candel: 0-30‰; leaves of K. candel: 0-20‰), the activity of ATPase increased with increasing salinity, while high salinity (above 30‰ or 20‰) inhibited ATPase activity. In comparison with A. marina, K.candel appeared to be more sensitive to salinity. The dynamics of membrane potential and transmembrane proton gradient in leaves and roots of A. marina and K. candel seedlings were similar to that of ATPase. When treated directly by NaCl all the indexes were inhibited markedly: there was a little increase within 0-10‰( K. candel) or 0-20‰( A. marina) followed by sharp declining. It indicated that the structure and function of plasma membrane was damaged severely.     

Development of natural treatment system consisting of black soil and Kentucky bluegrass for the post-treatment of anaerobically digested strong wastewater

To develop a sound post-treatment process for anaerobically-digested strong wastewater,a novel natural treatment system comprising two units is put forward.The first unit,a trickling filter,provides for further reduction of biochemical oxygen demand and adjustable nitrification.The subsequent soil–plant unit aims at removing and recovering the nutrients nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K).As a lab-scale feasibility study,a soil column test was conducted,in which black soil and valuable Kentucky bluegrass were integrated to treat artificial nutrient-enriched wastewater.After a long-term operation,the nitrification function was well established in the top layers,despite the need for an improved denitrification process prior to discharge.P and K were retained by the soil through distinct mechanisms.Since they either partially or totally remained in plant-available forms in the soil,indirect nutrient reuse could be achieved.As for Kentucky bluegrass,it displayed better growth status when receiving wastewater,with direct recovery of 8%,6% and 14% of input N,P and K,respectively.Furthermore,the indispensable role of Kentucky bluegrass for better treatment performance was proved,as it enhanced the cell-specific nitrification potential of the soil nitrifying microorganisms inhabiting the rhizosphere.After further upgrade,the proposed system is expected to become a new solution for strong wastewater pollution.     

三种红树植物落叶碎屑对海水中多环芳烃吸附作用的实验研究

在实验室条件下,研究了海水中多环芳烃（PAHs）（含苊、菲、）浓度分别为90、900或9000 μg/L时,无瓣海桑（Sonneratia apetala）、秋茄（Kandelia candel）和木榄（Bruguiera gymnorrhiza）不同分解状态落叶碎屑对PAHs的吸附作用。结果显示:在相同PAHs浓度下,无瓣海桑、秋茄和木榄落叶碎屑对PAHs的吸附总量差异显著（p < 0.05）,吸附率树种间也差异显著（p < 0.05）。当海水中PAHs的浓度为90和900 μg/L时,3种红树植物落叶碎屑对PAHs的吸附率均是无瓣海桑黑叶最高,分别为32.6%和35.1%。同一树种不同分解状态落叶碎屑对PAHs的吸附规律因树种而异:秋茄棕叶和黑叶对PAHs的吸附率均随着PAHs浓度的增加而增加;木榄棕叶和黑叶对PAHs的吸附率均随着PAHs浓度的增加,先上升（从90 μg/L到900 μg/L）,然后下降（从900 μg/L到9000 μg/L）;无瓣海桑棕叶对PAHs的吸附率是随着PAHs浓度的增加而增加,而黑叶却随着PAHs浓度的增加,吸附率先是上升,然后下降。3种红树植物同一分解状态的落叶碎屑对单个PAHs组分的吸附率规律存在差异。同一树种同一分解状态的落叶碎屑对不同PAHs组分的吸附规律也存在差异。     

北方地区潜流人工湿地冬季保温措施的研究

人工湿地作为一种造价较省,运行成本低的污水处理技术,目前已经得到了广泛的应用.但是在北方地区,人工湿地受到冬季气候影响,无法正常运行,降低了它的使用效率.试验针对北方冬季低温环境下,人工湿地无法正常运行的问题,对3种不同的保温措施进行历时两年的对比试验,通过对TP、TN、NH₄⁺-N和COD等4种主要污染物和人工湿地出水水温的跟踪监测,检验了不同保温措施的效果.试验结果表明:在冬季,使用薄膜法保温措施的处理系统中, COD、TN和NH₄⁺-N的去除率分别为30%~45%、40%~60%和35%~60%,比温棚法和冰封法的出水中污染物去除率高10%~20%.TP在出水中含量波动较大,去除率为19%~70%,伴有磷释放现象,但是在薄膜保温下TP的去除效果也要好于温棚和冰封.经过SPSS 16.0分析,薄膜保温的人工湿地出水水质与冰封和温棚法相比具有显著性差异.在对人工湿地曝气槽和出水口的污水水温进行监测发现,利用薄膜保温的人工湿地出水口水温高于冰封和温棚的水温,进一步证明薄膜保温可以有效提高人工湿地内的温度,为人工湿地正常运行提供了保证.而且薄膜保温措施的操作简便、造价低,适合推广应用.     

模拟分析白骨壤湿地系统中Ni的分配循环及其净化效果

在温室中建立红树林植物白骨壤模拟湿地系统,分别用正常、5倍和10倍浓度的人工配置的城市污水每周定时定量对模拟系统污灌2次,用海水作对照,持续1 a.研究重金属Ni在系统中的分配、循环和被净化的效果以及系统对Ni的承受能力.结果表明：加入系统的Ni主要留存在土壤中,很少迁移到植物体和凋落物中.模拟系统对重金属Ni的净化效果显著,达到92%以上.根据物质平衡模型计算得土壤子系统Ni的环境容量较大,因此整个模拟系统对Ni污染的承受力较大.     

Enhanced metronidazole removal by binary-species photoelectrogenic biofilm of microaglae and anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria

High efficient removal of antibiotics during nutriments recovery for biomass production poses a major technical challenge for photosynthetic microbial biofilm-based wastewater treatment since antibiotics are always co-exist with nutriments in wastewater and resist biodegradation due to their strong biotoxicity and recalcitrance. In this study, we make a first attempt to enhance metronidazole (MNZ) removal from wastewater using electrochemistry-activated binary-species photosynthetic biofilm of Rhodopseudomonas Palustris (R. Palustris) and Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) by cultivating them under different applied potentials. The results showed that application of external potentials of -0.3, 0 and 0.2 V led to 11, 33 and 26-fold acceleration in MNZ removal, respectively, as compared to that of potential free. The extent of enhancement in MNZ removal was positively correlated to the intensities of photosynthetic current produced under different externally applied potentials. The binary-species photoelectrogenic biofilm exhibited 18 and 6-fold higher MNZ removal rate than that of single-species of C. vulgaris and R. Palustris, respectively, due to the enhanced metabolic interaction between them. Application of an external potential of 0V significantly promoted the accumulation of tryptophan and tyrosine-like compounds as well as humic acid in extracellular polymeric substance, whose concentrations were 7.4, 7.1 and 2.0-fold higher than those produced at potential free, contributing to accelerated adsorption and reductive and photosensitive degradation of MNZ.