改性沸石用于饮用水除氟的试验研究

试验针对存在的氟污染饮用水问题,将天然沸石用NaOH和Al2（SO4）3溶液改性制成除氟材料.静态试验研究表明：改性沸石除氟吸附反应快,其最佳pH值范围为5～9,而且对氟离子具有较好的离子选择性能.通过动态试验研究发现,降低进水流量和原水浓度可以增大滤层的吸附容量.两种再生方式对比试验表明：用Al2（SO4）3溶液再生效果优于用NaOH和Al2（SO4）3溶液联合再生.     

饮用水中砷去除技术综述

自从1996年孟加拉国和印度报道慢性砷中毒事件以来，饮用水砷污染和砷中毒问题就受到全世界的关注。如何解决这一难题，研究人员进行了大量研究。本文综述了饮用水中砷的去除方法，包括混凝／沉淀、吸附、离子交换技术等，对各种除砷技术进行了总结和比较。     

饮用水含氮消毒副产物NDMA控制技术研究进展

N-亚硝基二甲胺（NDMA）作为一种新发现的饮用水消毒副产物,由于其具有高致癌风险,已逐渐成为水环境化学研究领域的一个热点。本文介绍了饮用水含氮消毒副产物NDMA的相关背景,分析了光降解、生物降解、臭氧氧化、高级氧化技术、吸附法、反渗透膜法及金属催化等各种NDMA去除工艺,探讨了各种工艺的特点以及对NDMA的去除性能。     

MAP法与沸石吸附组合工艺的脱氮除磷实验研究

以高浓度氮磷模拟废水为处理对象，通过静态实验研究了MAP法（磷酸铵镁法）与沸石吸附组合工艺的脱氮除磷效果。以MAP法除磷脱氮后的出水作为沸石吸附过程的进水，最终出水的氮、磷去除率可达86．69％和99．9％，且在MAP反应过程中采取较高的pH值和Mg^2＋浓度有利于后期沸石对氮、磷的吸附去除。     

DCF—Ⅱ系列电凝聚饮用水除氟器

地方性氟中毒的病区遍布世界各地,是一种严重危害人类健康的地方病。自然界中的氟主要通过饮用水进入人体。我国生活饮用水规定水中氟含量在0.5—1,0毫克/升。然而在阿克苏、石河子、奎屯的一些地区,地下水氟含量在1.2—13毫克/升,个别地区地下水氟含量高达23毫克/升。因此,对含氟水进行净化处理是防治地方性氟中毒的有效途径之一,我们在电凝聚除氟原理的基础     

船用饮水超滤净化技术

由哈尔滨华春药化环保技术开发有限公司开发、黑龙江省环境保护局推荐的船用饮水超滤净化技术及装置适用于内陆船员饮用水净化、车用饮水净化、洪水灾区饮用水处理和受污染江河湖水饮用的处理。主要技术内容一、基本原理采用高新膜技术与专有先进的水处理技术相结合，通过化学絮凝、粗滤、精滤和箱式膜滤器装置等多级处理的原理，实现直接提取江、河、湖泊水的净化处理，出水达到或优于国家GB５７４９—８５《生活饮用水卫生标准》，可直接生饮。二、技术关键箱式膜滤器：采用吸附速度为普通活性炭５０～１００倍的活性炭纤维，吸附水中的…     

电解铝厂烟气干法净化系统

由沈阳铝镁设计研究院、包头铝厂开发，有色金属工业总公司推荐的电解铝厂烟气干法净化系统，适用于铝电解生产行业各种类型电解槽的烟气治理。其主要技术内容是：利用铝电解的生产原料氧化铝粉的比表面积大、吸附能力强的特性来吸附烟气中的HF和沥青烟。其吸附过程有化学吸附和物理吸附，HF的化学吸附式为：HF的吸附效率可达98％～99％，沥青烟的吸附效率在95％以上。载有氟和沥青烟的氧化铝由布袋除尘器分离后供电解使用，回收的氟返回电解槽可补充电解生产过程中损失的氟元素，沥青焦油返槽后可逐步被烧掉。主要技术指标及条件一、技…     

嘉陵江下游饮用水氟化物时空变异特征研究

饮用水中可溶性氟化物是公众摄入氟的主要途径,其含量水平影响人体健康。分别于2015~2017年的丰水期和枯水期6次随机采集监测了嘉陵江下游52个饮用水样中氟化物含量,并基于地理信息系统平台和健康风险指数法进行了评价。结果表明,该区域饮用水中氟化物浓度平均为0.20~0.25 mg/L。除2015年部分样点外,其余样点的氟浓度均低于国家标准限值。其年际变化为2015年明显高于2016年和2017年(P<0.05);年内变化为枯水期略高于丰水期。研究表明,研究区饮用水中氟化物不会对人体造成威胁,且有逐年降低的趋势,建议当地居民适当增加氟的摄入量,以降低患龋齿的风险。     

地方性氟中毒病区饮用水中化学成份的关联分析

本文运用灰色系统理论的关联分析方法，研究塔里木河流域地方性氟中毒病的氟斑牙患病率致病的主导因素，以及饮用水中化学成份因子之间的相互关系，为探讨饮用水型地方性氟中毒的病因提供依据．     

电化学反应器吸附去除氟离子的研究

采用改性活性炭粉末对用纯净水加氟化钠配制而成的含氟水溶液进行动态电吸附去除实验.研究不同电压、电吸附时间,以及Cl-和SO2-4对氟离子去除的影响,并探讨吸附动力学和吸附方程.实验结果表明:活性炭对氟离子的吸附等温方程符合Freundlich方程,吸附动力学符合一级动力学方程;活性炭对氟离子去除与所施加的电位、吸附时间等因素有关,施加的电位越大,去除效果越好;随着吸附去除时间的延长,氟离子浓度下降趋缓;Cl-对氟离子去除影响很小,而SO2-4对氟离子去除有显著的不利影响.     

海面浮油的生物处理技术

文章就海面浮油的产生、危害、发展趋势以及防治技术进行了论述,在海面浮油处理的物理、化学、生物技术中,生物技术具有高效、低费用、无二次污染等优点。特别是处理较薄油膜或化学药品使用受限时,更有其无可替代的优点。同时还指出了生物技术的局限性。     

注水泥塞清洁生产工艺研究与现场应用

在油田井下作业过程中,常对油井的高含水层或报废井实施封堵,这种传统的施工工艺存在一些不足之处。引入清洁生产理念,提出了用钢丝绳将水泥浆送入井筒中预定位置的施工工艺,即无管柱注水泥塞工艺。该工艺不需要水泥车等特种车辆的配合,不会发生井下开关操作失误造成的事故,比传统注灰工艺节约作业周期3/4以上。另外,该工艺从源头上实施了清洁生产措施,操作简单,经济效益较高,在油田修井作业系统有推广价值。     

MCM高过载环境适应技术的应用和发展

本文探讨了耐高过载概念的基本内涵,阐述了军用MCM耐高过载技术研究的主要内容及其应用情况,介绍了MCM耐高过载技术研究和应用在近期及未来的发展方向。     

工业复杂污水综合处理技术研究与应用

普光天然气净化厂在运行中排出的大量污泥、检修中产生的大量成分复杂污水,是困扰下游污水处理的重大难题。文章进行了复杂污水存储技术研究,污水预处理技术研究,污水回收利用技术研究,泥水分离技术研究。文章优化污水存储方案,提升存储空间,解决了净化厂检修污水排放集中、排放量大的难题;组合PAC药剂加注+连续曝气污水预处理工艺技术,最大程度上降低了SBR池处理负担;使外排水满足循环冷却水补水水质要求,实现了外排水的有效回收利用;实现了泥水高效分离,极大降低了污泥处置和运输费用。     

干酵母生产废水处理方案的改造及应用

干酵母生产废水是一种高浓度有机废水,COD高达13,000mg/L,色度在900倍以上。原方案采用厌氧、硝化(曝气)、反硝化、化学混凝等工艺,但水质不能达到排放标准,且运行成本高。采用EM(有效微生物)技术对原方案进行改造后,废水处理收到较好的效果,并降低了运行成本。     

余热利用高效节能电除尘技术及工程应用

论述了余热利用高效节能电除尘技术的定义、工作原理,介绍了燃煤电站采用烟气余热利用高效节能电除尘技术的几种典型布置方式。重点介绍了该技术在宁德电厂600MW燃煤锅炉上的工程应用情况,通过烟气余热利用高效节能电除尘技术达到了"提效"和"节能"的双重目的。     

Life cycle assessment of waste paper management: The importance of technology data and system boundaries in assessing recycling and incineration

The significance of technical data, as well as the significance of system boundary choices, when modelling the environmental impact from recycling and incineration of waste paper has been studied by a life cycle assessment focusing on global warming potentials. The consequence of choosing a specific set of data for the reprocessing technology, the virgin paper manufacturing technology and the incineration technology, as well as the importance of the recycling rate was studied. Furthermore, the system was expanded to include forestry and to include fossil fuel energy substitution from saved biomass, in order to study the importance of the system boundary choices. For recycling, the choice of virgin paper manufacturing data is most important, but the results show that also the impacts from the reprocessing technologies fluctuate greatly. For the overall results the choice of the technology data is of importance when comparing recycling including virgin paper substitution with incineration including energy substitution. Combining an environmentally high or low performing recycling technology with an environmentally high or low performing incineration technology can give quite different results. The modelling showed that recycling of paper, from a life cycle point of view, is environmentally equal or better than incineration with energy recovery only when the recycling technology is at a high environmental performance level. However, the modelling also showed that expanding the system to include substitution of fossil fuel energy by production of energy from the saved biomass associated with recycling will give a completely different result. In this case recycling is always more beneficial than incineration, thus increased recycling is desirable. Expanding the system to include forestry was shown to have a minor effect on the results. As assessments are often performed with a set choice of data and a set recycling rate, it is questionable how useful the results from this kind of LCA are for a policy maker. The high significance of the system boundary choices stresses the importance of scientific discussion on how to best address system analysis of recycling, for paper and other recyclable materials.     

Life cycle assessment of waste paper management: The importance of technology data and system boundaries in assessing recycling and incineration

The significance of technical data, as well as the significance of system boundary choices, when modelling the environmental impact from recycling and incineration of waste paper has been studied by a life cycle assessment focusing on global warming potentials. The consequence of choosing a specific set of data for the reprocessing technology, the virgin paper manufacturing technology and the incineration technology, as well as the importance of the recycling rate was studied. Furthermore, the system was expanded to include forestry and to include fossil fuel energy substitution from saved biomass, in order to study the importance of the system boundary choices. For recycling, the choice of virgin paper manufacturing data is most important, but the results show that also the impacts from the reprocessing technologies fluctuate greatly. For the overall results the choice of the technology data is of importance when comparing recycling including virgin paper substitution with incineration including energy substitution. Combining an environmentally high or low performing recycling technology with an environmentally high or low performing incineration technology can give quite different results. The modelling showed that recycling of paper, from a life cycle point of view, is environmentally equal or better than incineration with energy recovery only when the recycling technology is at a high environmental performance level. However, the modelling also showed that expanding the system to include substitution of fossil fuel energy by production of energy from the saved biomass associated with recycling will give a completely different result. In this case recycling is always more beneficial than incineration, thus increased recycling is desirable. Expanding the system to include forestry was shown to have a minor effect on the results. As assessments are often performed with a set choice of data and a set recycling rate, it is questionable how useful the results from this kind of LCA are for a policy maker. The high significance of the system boundary choices stresses the importance of scientific discussion on how to best address system analysis of recycling, for paper and other recyclable materials.     

钢铁厂烧结烟气SCR脱硝技术应用探讨

目前烧结烟气脱硝主要采用活性炭(焦)吸附技术,投资及运行费用极高。SCR(选择性催化还原)烟气脱硝技术广泛应用于燃煤锅炉,技术成熟可靠。针对钢铁厂烧结烟气的特点,探讨了将SCR烟气脱硝技术应用于烧结烟气脱硝;通过适当的工艺优化和技术创新,烧结烟气采用SCR脱硝技术完全可行,经济适用。     

电化学技术及其在印染废水处理中的应用

电化学技术因其具有高度灵活性、易于控制、污染少等特点倍受研究者的重视。本文主要介绍了电化学技术的各种方法，包括电沉积法、电化学氧化还原法、电吸附法和电渗析法等基本原理。采用上述方法处理染料废水均得到良好效果。同时指出了电化学技术存在电极消耗多、电流效率低等问题；在开发新型电极材料和电化学反应器等方面有待研究。